RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Blood-brain barrier is a protective layer that regulates the influx and efflux of biological materials for cerebral tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Biochanin A on cerebral histopathology and blood-brain barrier immunohistochemically. METHODS: A total of 24 rats were assigned to three groups: sham, ischemia-reperfusion, and ischemia-reperfusion+Biochanin A. Ischemia-reperfusion was performed by occluding the left carotid artery for 2/24 h. Notably, 20 mg/kg Biochanin A was administered to rats for 7 days after ischemia-reperfusion. Blood was collected for malondialdehyde and total oxidant/antioxidant status analysis. Cerebral tissues were processed for histopathology and further for immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: Malondialdehyde content with total oxidant status value was significantly increased and total antioxidant status values were significantly decreased in the ischemia-reperfusion group compared with the sham group. Biochanin A treatment significantly improved scores in the ischemia-reperfusion+Biochanin A group. The normal histological appearance was recorded in the cerebral sections of the sham group. Degenerated neurons and vascular structures with disrupted integrity of the cerebral cortex were observed after ischemia-reperfusion. Biochanin A alleviated the histopathology in the cerebrum in the ischemia-reperfusion+Biochanin A group. Ischemia-reperfusion injury decreased the expression of blood-brain barrier in the ischemia-reperfusion group compared to the sham group. Administration of Biochanin A upregulated the blood-brain barrier immunoreactivity in the cerebrum by restoring blood-brain barrier. CONCLUSION: Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion caused an increase in oxidative stress and pathological lesions in the cerebrum. Biochanin A treatment restored the adverse effects of ischemia-reperfusion injury by restoring blood-brain barrier.
Assuntos
Barreira Hematoencefálica , Genisteína , Malondialdeído , Traumatismo por Reperfusão , Animais , Genisteína/farmacologia , Genisteína/uso terapêutico , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/tratamento farmacológico , Barreira Hematoencefálica/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Malondialdeído/análise , Ratos , Isquemia Encefálica/tratamento farmacológico , Ratos Wistar , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Imuno-Histoquímica , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
Endothelial cells express multiple receptors mediating estrogen responses; including the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). Past studies on nitric oxide (NO) production elicited by estrogens raised the question whether 17-ß-estradiol (E2) and natural phytoestrogens activate equivalent mechanisms. We hypothesized that E2 and phytoestrogens elicit NO production via coupling to distinct intracellular pathways signalling. To this aim, perfusion of E2 and phytoestrogens to the precontracted rat mesentery bed examined vasorelaxation, while fluorescence microscopy on primary endothelial cells cultures quantified single cell NO production determined following 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluoroescein diacetate (DAF) incubation. Daidzein (DAI) and genistein (GEN) induced rapid vasodilatation associated to NO production. Multiple estrogen receptor activity was inferred based on the reduction of DAF-NO signals; G-36 (GPER antagonist) reduced 75 % of all estrogen responses, while fulvestrant (selective nuclear receptor antagonist) reduced significantly more the phytoestrogens responses than E2. The joint application of both antagonists abolished the E2 response but not the phytoestrogen-induced DAF-NO signals. Wortmannin or LY-294002 (PI3K inhibitors), reduced by 90% the E2-evoked signal while altering significantly less the DAI-induced response. In contrast, H-89 (PKA inhibitor), elicited a 23% reduction of the E2-induced signal while blocking 80% of the DAI-induced response. Desmethylxestospongin-B (IP3 receptor antagonist), decreased to equal extent the E2 or the DAI-induced signal. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) induced NO production, cell treatment with AG-1478, an EGF receptor kinase inhibitor reduced 90% DAI-induced response while only 53% the E2-induced signals; highlighting GPER induced EGF receptor trans-modulation. Receptor functional selectivity may explain distinct signalling pathways mediated by E2 and phytoestrogens.
Assuntos
Proteínas Quinases Dependentes de AMP Cíclico , Receptores ErbB , Estradiol , Óxido Nítrico , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases , Fitoestrógenos , Transdução de Sinais , Vasodilatação , Animais , Fitoestrógenos/farmacologia , Estradiol/farmacologia , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Ratos , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Vasodilatação/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Quinases Dependentes de AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Masculino , Isoflavonas/farmacologia , Células Endoteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Genisteína/farmacologia , Receptores de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is an inborn error of the metabolism resulting from several possible mutations in the gene coding for iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS), which leads to a great clinical heterogeneity presented by these patients. Many studies demonstrate the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of inborn errors of metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress can be related since most of reactive oxygen species come from mitochondria. Cellular models have been used to study different diseases and are useful in biochemical research to investigate them in a new promising way. The aim of this study is to develop a heterozygous cellular model for MPS II and analyze parameters of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and investigate the in vitro effect of genistein and coenzyme Q10 on these parameters for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease. The HP18 cells (heterozygous c.261_266del6/c.259_261del3) showed almost null results in the activity of the IDS enzyme and presented accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), allowing the characterization of this knockout cellular model by MPS II gene editing. An increase in the production of reactive species was demonstrated (p < .05 compared with WT vehicle group) and genistein at concentrations of 25 and 50 µm decreased in vitro its production (p < .05 compared with HP18 vehicle group), but there was no effect of coenzyme Q10 in this parameter. There was a tendency for lysosomal pH change in HP18 cells in comparison to WT group and none of the antioxidants tested demonstrated any effect on this parameter. There was no increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase and oxidative damage to DNA in HP18 cells in comparison to WT group and neither genistein nor coenzyme q10 had any effect on these parameters. Regarding mitochondrial membrane potential, genistein induced mitochondrial depolarization in both concentrations tested (p < .05 compared with HP18 vehicle group and compared with WT vehicle group) and incubation with coenzyme Q10 demonstrated no effect on this parameter. In conclusion, it is hypothesized that our cellular model could be compared with a milder MPS II phenotype, given that the accumulation of GAGs in lysosomes is not as expressive as another cellular model for MPS II presented in the literature. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that there is no mitochondrial depolarization and no DNA damage, since there is less lysosomal impairment, as well as less redox imbalance.
Assuntos
Iduronato Sulfatase , Doenças Mitocondriais , Mucopolissacaridose II , Ubiquinona/análogos & derivados , Humanos , Mucopolissacaridose II/tratamento farmacológico , Mucopolissacaridose II/genética , Genisteína/farmacologia , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial , Estresse Oxidativo , Iduronato Sulfatase/metabolismo , Iduronato Sulfatase/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/metabolismoRESUMO
We developed poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL)-based nanoparticles containing D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol-1000 succinate (TPGS) or Poloxamer 407 as stabilizers to efficiently encapsulate genistein (GN). Two formulations, referred to as PNTPGS and PNPol, were prepared using nanoprecipitation. They were characterized by size and PDI distribution, zeta potential, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), GN association (AE%), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). PNTPGS-GN exhibited a particle size of 141.2 nm, a PDI of 0.189, a zeta potential of -32.9 mV, and an AE% of 77.95%. PNPol-GN had a size of 146.3 nm, a better PDI than PNTPGS-GN (0.150), a less negative zeta potential (-21.0 mV), and an AE% of 68.73%. Thermal and spectrometric analyses indicated that no new compounds were formed, and there was no incompatibility detected in the formulations. Cellular studies revealed that Poloxamer 407 conferred less toxicity to PCL nanoparticles. However, the percentage of uptake decreased compared to the use of TPGS, which exhibited almost 80% cellular uptake. This study contributes to the investigation of stabilizers capable of conferring stability to PCL nanoparticles efficiently encapsulating GN. Thus, the PCL nanoparticle proposed here is an innovative nanomedicine for melanoma therapy and represents a strong candidate for specific pre-clinical and in vivo studie
Assuntos
Genisteína/farmacologia , Nanopartículas/análise , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Tamanho da Partícula , Análise Espectral/classificação , Varredura Diferencial de Calorimetria/métodos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodosRESUMO
Abstract Objective To evaluate the effects of estrogen, raloxifene and genistein on the expression of KISS1 (kisspeptin), KISS1R (kisspeptin receptor), AR (androgen receptor) and INSR (insulin receptor) in the bones of ovariectomized rats. Methods Forty-eight adult rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, containing 8 animals each: G1-nonovariectomized control; G2-ovariectomized and treated with conjugated equine estrogens (50 µg/Kg/day); G3-ovariectomized and treated with raloxifene (0.75 mg/kg/day); G4-ovariectomized animal that received soy extract with genistein (300 mg/kg/day); G5-ovariectomized animal that received estrogen and genistein; and G6-ovariectomized animal that received estrogen and raloxifene. Three months after surgery, the castrated animals received the drugs orally daily for 120 days. All animals were sacrificed after this period, by deepening the anesthesia. The left tibia was removed for total RNA extraction and analysis of gene expression of KISS1, KISS1R, AR and INSR, by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results KISS1 was not detected in any of the treated groups. KISS1R, INSR and AR showed higher expression in the G3 group (p < 0.001), while lower levels of transcripts for these genes were observed in G4 and G5. G2 animals showed hypoexpression of the evaluated genes. Conclusion The results indicate that raloxifene, alone or combined with estrogen, was able to induce the expression of genes associated with the recovery of bone tissue homeostasis in ovariectomized rats.
Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos do estrogênio, raloxifeno e genisteína na expressão de KISS1 (kisspeptina), KISS1R (receptor da kisspeptina), AR (receptor de androgênio) e INSR (receptor de insulina) nos ossos de ratas ovariectomizadas. Métodos Quarenta e oito ratas adultas foram divididas aleatoriamente em 6 grupos, contendo 8 animais cada: G1-controle não ovariectomizado); G2-ovariectomizado e tratado com estrogênios conjugados equinos (50 µg/Kg/dia); G3-ovariectomizado e tratado com raloxifeno (0,75 mg/kg/dia); G4-ovariectomizado que recebeu extrato de soja com genisteína (300 mg/kg/dia); G5-ovariectomizado que recebeu estrogênio e genisteína; e G6-ovariectomizado que recebeu estrogênio e raloxifeno. Após 3 meses da cirurgia, os animais castrados receberam os fármacos diariamente por via oral, durante 120 dias. Todos os animais foram sacrificados após esse período, por aprofundamento da anestesia. A tíbia esquerda foi removida para extração de RNA total e análise da expressão gênica de KISS1, KISS1R, AR e INSR, por reação de cadeia de polimerase quantitativa em tempo real (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, qRT-PCR, em inglês). Resultados KISS1 não foi detectado em nenhum dos grupos tratados. KISS1R, INSR e AR mostraram maior expressão no grupo G3 (p < 0,001), enquanto menores níveis de transcritos para esses genes foram observados em G4 e G5. Os animais de G2 apresentaram hipoexpressão dos genes avaliados. Conclusão Os resultados indicam que o raloxifeno, isolado ou combinado com estrogênio, foi capaz de induzir a expressão de genes associados à recuperação da homeostase do tecido ósseo em ratas ovariectomizadas.
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Osteoporose , Genisteína , Cloridrato de Raloxifeno/uso terapêutico , Estrogênios , KisspeptinasRESUMO
Phytoestrogens, such as isoflavones, are bioactive compounds found in plants with defense and protection functions. In the human body, they simulate the behavior of the hormone estradiol and can modulate the function of the male hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This study aims to describe the effects of genistein on sperm quality of Wistar rats (male/adult) after a short oral administration protocol (50 mg/day, for 5 days), focusing on mitochondrial function. No signs of toxicity were observed in the animals during the period. The testicular mass of rats from the genistein-treated group was lower than that from the control group. Isoflavone increased the number of viable Leydig and Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, and primary spermatocytes in the treated group. The rounded spermatid count was similar to the control group, and a decrease in elongated spermatids was observed in the treated group. Genistein treatment increased plasma testosterone levels in the treated group. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an in vivo short protocol demonstrating that genistein administration stimulates the overall oxygen consumption in rat seminal samples. Therefore, genistein induced a pro-spermatogenesis effect, enhanced plasma testosterone levels, and increased oxygen consumption, improving sperm mitochondrial efficiency. Similar protocols can be explored in animal and human infertility issues.
Assuntos
Genisteína , Isoflavonas , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Animais , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Genisteína/farmacologia , Sêmen , Espermatozoides , Mitocôndrias , TestosteronaRESUMO
The global consumption of vegan foods is experiencing an expressive upward trend, underscoring the critical need for quality control measures based on nutritional and functional considerations. This study aimed to evaluate the functional quality of caviar and salmon analog food inks based on pulses combined with nano ingredients and produced in our laboratory (LNANO). The primary objective of this work was to determine the total antioxidant compounds contained in these samples using a voltammetric technique with a glassy carbon electrode. The samples underwent ethanolic extraction (70%) with 1 h of stirring. The voltammograms were acquired in a phosphate buffer electrolyte, pH 3.0 with Ag/AgCl (KCl 3 mol L-1) as the reference electrode and platinum wire as the auxiliary electrode. The voltammograms revealed prominent anodic current peaks at 0.76-0.78 V, which are attributed to isoflavones. Isoflavones, known secondary metabolites with substantial antioxidant potential commonly found in pulses, were identified. The total isoflavone concentrations obtained ranged from 31.5 to 64.3 mg Eq genistein 100 g-1. The results not only validated the efficacy of the electrochemical sensor for quantifying total antioxidant compounds in the samples but also demonstrated that the concentration of total isoflavones in caviar and salmon analogs fell within the expected limits.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Isoflavonas , Animais , Genisteína/análise , Genisteína/metabolismo , Isoflavonas/análise , Isoflavonas/metabolismo , Alimentos Marinhos/análiseRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The third-generation of aromatase inhibitors (AIs)-Exemestane (Exe), Letrozole (Let), and Anastrozole (Ana)-is the main therapeutic approach applied for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC), the most common neoplasm in women worldwide. Despite their success, the development of resistance limits their efficacy. Genistein (G), a phytoestrogen present in soybean, has promising anticancer properties in ER+ BC cells, even when combined with anticancer drugs. Thus, the potential beneficial effects of combining G with AIs were investigated in sensitive (MCF7-aro) and resistant (LTEDaro) BC cells. METHODS: The effects on cell proliferation and expression of aromatase, ERα/ERß, and AR receptors were evaluated. RESULTS: Unlike the combination of G with Ana or Let, which negatively affects the Ais' therapeutic efficacy, G enhanced the anticancer properties of the steroidal AI Exe, increasing the antiproliferative effect and apoptosis relative to Exe. The hormone targets studied were not affected by this combination when compared with Exe. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first in vitro study that highlights the potential benefit of G as an adjuvant therapy with Exe, emphasizing, however, that soy derivatives widely used in the diet or applied as auxiliary medicines may increase the risk of adverse interactions with nonsteroidal AIs used in therapy.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias da Mama , Feminino , Humanos , Inibidores da Aromatase/farmacologia , Inibidores da Aromatase/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Genisteína/farmacologia , Genisteína/uso terapêutico , Letrozol , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Nitrilas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Genistein is an isoflavone present in soybeans and is considered a bioactive compound due to its widely reported biological activity. We have previously shown that intraperitoneal genistein administration and diet supplementation activates the thermogenic program in rats and mice subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) under multiple environmental cues, including cold exposure and high-fat diet feeding. However, the mechanistic insights of this process were not previously unveiled. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a mitochondrial membrane polypeptide responsible for dissipating energy into heat, is considered the most relevant thermogenic marker; thus, we aimed to evaluate whether genistein regulates UCP1 transcription. Here we show that genistein administration to thermoneutral-housed mice leads to the appearance of beige adipocyte markers, including a sharp upregulation of UCP1 expression and protein abundance in scWAT. Reporter assays showed an increase in UCP1 promoter activity after genistein stimulation, and in silico analysis revealed the presence of estrogen (ERE) and cAMP (CRE) response elements as putative candidates of genistein activation. Mutation of the CRE but not the ERE reduced genistein-induced promoter activity by 51%. Additionally, in vitro and in vivo ChIP assays demonstrated the binding of CREB to the UCP1 promoter after acute genistein administration. Taken together, these data elucidate the mechanism of genistein-mediated UCP1 induction and confirm its potential applications in managing metabolic disorders.
Assuntos
Adipócitos Bege , Camundongos , Ratos , Animais , Ativação Transcricional , Adipócitos Bege/metabolismo , Genisteína/farmacologia , Proteína Desacopladora 1/genética , Proteína Desacopladora 1/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo Branco/metabolismo , Termogênese/genética , Elementos de Resposta , Tecido Adiposo Marrom/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The tyrosine-protein kinase inhibitor, genistein, can inhibit cell malignant transformation and has an antitumor effect on various types of cancer. It has been shown that both genistein and KNCK9 can inhibit colon cancer. This research aimed to investigate the suppressive effects of genistein on colon cancer cells and the association between the application of genistein and KCNK9 expression level. METHODS: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to study the correlation between the KCNK9 expression level and the prognosis of colon cancer patients. HT29 and SW480 colon cancer cell lines were cultured to examine the inhibitory effects of KCNK9 and genistein on colon cancer in vitro, and a mouse model of colon cancer with liver metastasis was established to verify the inhibitory effect of genistein in vivo. RESULTS: KCNK9 was overexpressed in colon cancer cells and was associated with a shorter Overall Survival (OS), a shorter Disease-Specific Survival (DFS), and a shorter Progression-Free Interval (PFI) of colon cancer patients. In vitro experiments showed that downregulation of KCNK9 or genistein application could suppress cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities, induce cell cycle quiescence, promote cell apoptosis, and reduce epithelial-mesenchymal transition of the colon cancer cell line. In vivo experiments revealed that silencing of KCNK9 or application of genistein could inhibit hepatic metastasis from colon cancer. Additionally, genistein could inhibit KCNK9 expression, thereby attenuating Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: Genistein inhibited the occurrence and progression of colon cancer through Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway that could be mediated by KCNK9.