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The structure of the coat and integument of small ruminants reared in semi-arid regions have valuable characteristics that favor their adaptation to the region. The objective of this study was to evaluate the structural characteristics of the coat and integument and sweating capacity of goats and sheep in the Brazilian semi-arid region, using 20 animals, 10 of each breed, 5 males and 5 females of each species, grouped in a completely randomized design in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (2 species and 2 genders) with 5 replicates. The animals were already being kept under the influence of high temperatures and levels of direct solar radiation before the day of the collections. At the time of the evaluations, ambient temperature was high, with low relative humidity. The pattern of epidermal thickness and sweat glands per body region was superior in sheep (P < 0.05), and the number of hair follicles and sweat rate were similar (P > 0.05) between the species. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in the evaluated characteristics between the genders, showing that they are not influenced by hormones. The morphology of the coat and skin of these animals showed a superiority of goats compared to sheep.

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Introducción: El hidradenoma nodular maligno es un tumor maligno de glándula sudorípara ecrinas, poco común, considerada una lesión de diferenciación anexial ecrinas, que generalmente surge de nuevo, aunque se han descrito unos pocos casos surgidos sobre un hidradenoma nodular. Es decir, representa la contrapartida maligna del hidradenoma nodular. Objetivo: Dar a conocer la presentación de un caso, dada la inusual aparición de esta entidad, con revisión de los criterios para su diagnóstico. Caso clínico: Se informa el caso de un hombre de 74 años de edad con una neo formación en la región parietal derecha del cuero cabelludo. Conclusiones: Debemos pensar en un hidradenoma nodular maligno ante un tumor solitario, firme o fluctuante, infrecuente en el cuero cabelludo, con curso agresivo, recurrencias y metástasis ganglionares y confirmar su diagnóstico con el estudio inmunohistoquímico(AU)

Introduction: Malignant nodular hidradenoma is a rare malignant eccrine sweat gland tumor considered a lesion of eccrine adnexal differentiation, which usually arises again, although a few arising cases on nodular hidradenoma have been described. In other words, it represents the malignant counterpart of nodular hidradenoma. Objective: To report a case, given the unusual occurrence of this entity, with a review of the criteria for its diagnosis. Case report: We report the case of a 74-year-old man with a neoformation in the right parietal region of the scalp. Conclusions: We should consider a malignant nodular hidradenoma when faced with a solitary, firm or fluctuant tumor, rare in the scalp, with aggressive evolution, recurrences and lymph node metastasis, and confirm its diagnosis with immunohistochemical study(AU)

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Primary apocrine carcinoma of the sweat gland is a neoplasm with a very low incidence that may represent a clinical and histological diagnostic challenge, as well as for adequate local, adjuvant, and advanced disease management. The average age of patients is around 67 years with no gender preference. This cancer develops primarily at the axillary and scalp levels and is clinically characterized by slow growth, but can progress aggressively with local, nodal, and metastatic involvement (primarily lung, liver, and bone). The recommended management, once the histology is established, consists of a wide local resection with a clear margin of 1 to 2 cm and regional lymphadenectomy if clinically positive nodes are detected. The adjuvant treatment (radiotherapy or chemotherapy) and for the advanced disease is not established. We report here the cases of two female patients initially diagnosed with breast cancer who were finally diagnosed with apocrine carcinoma of the sweat gland.

El carcinoma apocrino primario de glándula sudorípara es una neoplasia con una muy baja incidencia, que puede representar un reto diagnóstico, clínico e histológico, y un reto terapéutico local, adyuvante y de la enfermedad avanzada. La edad media de los pacientes es de alrededor de 67 años, y no se ha observado preferencia según el sexo. Se presenta con mayor frecuencia en las axilas y en el cuero cabelludo. Se caracteriza clínicamente por un lento crecimiento, aunque puede progresar agresivamente, con compromiso local, ganglionar y metastásico, principalmente, pulmonar, hepático y óseo. El tratamiento recomendado -una vez establecida la histología- consiste en una resección local amplia con un margen claro de 1 a 2 cm y linfadenectomía regional si se detectan ganglios clínicamente positivos. El tratamiento adyuvante (radioterapia o quimioterapia) y de la enfermedad avanzada no está claramente establecido. Se presentan dos pacientes de sexo femenino con sospecha inicial de cáncer de mama, en quienes se diagnosticó finalmente un carcinoma apocrino de glándula sudorípara.

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This paper describes a case of a 71-year-old female who initially went to a dermatologist to assess a scalp skin tumor, which performed an incisional biopsy. Anatomopathological and immunohistochemical study revealed a preliminary diagnosis of breast carcinoma metastasis. Although the patient had no medical history of breast cancer, due to this result, she was referred to a mastologist, who investigated her breast nodules for the possible primary focus of the carcinoma. Despite an active investigation through imaging tests, biopsies, and mammotomy, without finding any possible primary focus on the breasts. Finally, the lesion on the scalp was entirely removed by a plastic surgeon. New anatomopathological and immunohistochemical exams confirmed the diagnosis of breast carcinoma metastasis. Given these results, the authors discuss the difficulty in diagnosing differentiation from a primary or metastatic neoplasm of the scalp, with the resources currently available, until the conclusion that it was a primary carcinoma of the sweat gland.

Este artigo descreve o caso de uma mulher de 71 anos que inicialmente foi ao dermatologista para avaliação de tumor de pele no couro cabeludo, e que realizou biópsia incisional desta lesão. O estudo anatomopatológico e imuno-histoquímico revelou um diagnóstico preliminar de metástase de carcinoma de mama. Embora a paciente não tivesse história clínica de câncer de mama, devido a esse resultado, foi encaminhada à mastologista, que investigou seus nódulos mamários para localizar o possível foco primário do carcinoma. Apesar de uma investigação ativa por meio de exames de imagem, biópsias e mamotomia, não foi encontrado nenhum possível foco primário nas mamas. Por fim, a lesão no couro cabeludo também foi totalmente removida por um cirurgião plástico. Novos exames anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos confirmaram o diagnóstico de metástase de carcinoma de mama. Diante desses resultados, os autores discutem a dificuldade em diagnosticar a diferenciação de uma neoplasia primária ou metastática do couro cabeludo, com os recursos disponíveis atualmente, até a conclusão de que se tratava de um carcinoma primário da glândula sudorípara.

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Common opossums (Didelphis marsupialis) are found throughout the Caribbean island of Trinidad and Tobago. The present work was conducted on the fresh normal skin of 10 common opossums and aimed to provide morphometric data and a histological description of the skin in different regions of the body. In the examined regions, the skin presented a typical thin skin morphology, with numerous folds on the surface. The dermis-epidermis junction is smooth, without the occurrence of dermal papillae. The average thickness of the opossum epidermis was 19.5 µm. The cranial region of the back showed the greatest epidermal thickness, and together with the other areas of the back presented an epidermis 2-3 times thicker compared with the other areas examined. To further confirm that the skin changes in the opossum are age- or diet-related, additional studies are required.

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Background: Sweat gland carcinomas divide into eccrine, apocrine, mixed origin (eccrine and apocrine). Eccrine carcinoma(EC) is a rare malignant neoplasm of the sweat glands that can affect dogs, cats, and humans. EC can present itself as asolitary swelling in the pads, digits, or distal limbs. EC is more common in elder animals, and exhibits no predispositionaccording to breed. In humans, EC is more frequent in the head and neck, and is more likely to occur in mid-aged people;metastases can develop in any site of the body. A diagnosis of this type of tumor can be determined by histopathologicalexamination. Apocrine carcinomas occur most frequently in the axillary areas even though they may occur in other regionsof the body, and affect mainly elder animals.Case: A 13-year-old male mongrel dog with a history of presence of smooth reddish infiltrative nodule in the skin of thethorax, but with no history of progression, was examined. After running complementary tests, a fragment of the skin onthe thorax was taken for biopsy. The second animal was an 8-year-old female Golden Retriever, which was presented witha history of presence of a nodule on the right digital pad. After running complementary tests, a fragment of this nodulewas collected. In both cases, the excised fragments were placed in 10% buffered formalin and routinely processed forthe preparation of histological slides, which were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and subjected to histopathologicalevaluation. Light microscopy analysis revealed, in both cases, the presence of a poorly delimited, non-encapsulated massinfiltrating the muscle and adipose tissue. Necrotic areas, and presence of eosinophilic material in the nucleus were observed.Additionally, the samples from both cases were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin (CK Pan).Discussion: A definitive diagnosis of sweat gland carcinoma...(AU)

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Background: Sweat gland carcinomas divide into eccrine, apocrine, mixed origin (eccrine and apocrine). Eccrine carcinoma(EC) is a rare malignant neoplasm of the sweat glands that can affect dogs, cats, and humans. EC can present itself as asolitary swelling in the pads, digits, or distal limbs. EC is more common in elder animals, and exhibits no predispositionaccording to breed. In humans, EC is more frequent in the head and neck, and is more likely to occur in mid-aged people;metastases can develop in any site of the body. A diagnosis of this type of tumor can be determined by histopathologicalexamination. Apocrine carcinomas occur most frequently in the axillary areas even though they may occur in other regionsof the body, and affect mainly elder animals.Case: A 13-year-old male mongrel dog with a history of presence of smooth reddish infiltrative nodule in the skin of thethorax, but with no history of progression, was examined. After running complementary tests, a fragment of the skin onthe thorax was taken for biopsy. The second animal was an 8-year-old female Golden Retriever, which was presented witha history of presence of a nodule on the right digital pad. After running complementary tests, a fragment of this nodulewas collected. In both cases, the excised fragments were placed in 10% buffered formalin and routinely processed forthe preparation of histological slides, which were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and subjected to histopathologicalevaluation. Light microscopy analysis revealed, in both cases, the presence of a poorly delimited, non-encapsulated massinfiltrating the muscle and adipose tissue. Necrotic areas, and presence of eosinophilic material in the nucleus were observed.Additionally, the samples from both cases were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin (CK Pan).Discussion: A definitive diagnosis of sweat gland carcinoma...

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Abstract Eccrine cell carcinoma constitutes a group of rare skin malignancies which are slow-growing but highly invasive. A case of multiple skin lesions with multifocal involvement, concluding with the histopathological documentation of this condition, is presented. (Acta Med Colomb 2019; 44. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2019.1203).

Resumen El carcinoma de células ecrinas constituye un grupo de neoplasias raras de la piel, de crecimiento lento pero altamente invasor. Se presenta un caso de lesiones cutáneas múltiples con compromiso multifocal que concluye con la documentación histopatológica de esta condición. (Acta Med Colomb 2019; 44. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2019.1203).

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Introducción: la hematohidrosis es una rara condición clínica donde el paciente exuda sangre. Presentación de caso: se presenta el caso de una joven de 13 años, sin antecedentes mórbidos conocidos, que fue referida por Departamento de Hematología a Salud Mental por presentar cuadro de 7 meses de evolución, caracterizado por sangrado de oídos, ojos, boca, ombligo, cabeza, mamas y dedos, ocurriendo con más frecuencia cuando cursa con períodos menstruales. Se le realizaron analíticas y estudios especializados que incluían hemograma, glicemia, perfil renal, hepático, virales, electrolitos, perfil tiroideo, uroanálisis, Factor viii, Factor vii, Factor de Von Willebrand, TP, TTP, INR, fibrinógeno y extendido de sangre periférica. Además, se realizó TAC de cráneo y radiografía de senos paranasales. Todas las pruebas estaban dentro de los parámetros de normalidad. Se inicia tratamiento con Hidroxicina 25 mg c/24 horas y clonazepam 2mg c/24 horas. Con el tratamiento farmacológico cedió el sangrado de la paciente. Conclusión: el paciente fue diagnosticado con hematohidrosis, clínicamente, por exclusión. Actualmente no hay tratamiento disponible para esta condición. La etiología es desconocida hasta la fecha. El estrés se vincula como un factor precipitante

Introduction: Hematohidrosis is a rare clinical condition where the patient exudes blood. Presentation: We present the case of a 13-year-old girl, with no known morbid history, who was referred by department of hematology to mental health for presenting a 7-month evolution, characterized by bleeding of ears, eyes, mouth, navel, head, breasts and fingers occurring more often when going through menstrual periods. Analyzes and specialized studies were performed that included hemogram, glycemia, renal, hepatic, viral, electrolyte, thyroid profile, uroanalysis, Factor viii, Factor vii, Von Willebrand Factor, TP, TTP, INR, fibrinogen and peripheral blood smear. In addition, a CT scan of the skull and x-ray of the paranasal sinuses was performed. All the tests were within normal parameters. Treatment was started with Hydroxyzine 25 mg every 24 hours and clonazepam 2mg every 24 hours. With the pharmacological treatment, the bleeding of the patient subsided. Conclusion: The patient was diagnosed with hematohidrosis clinically by exclusion. Currently, there is no treatment available for this condition. The etiology is unknown to date. Stress is linked as a precipitating factor

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