RESUMO
This study aimed at identifying lesions in the respiratory tract of chickenscaused by hatchery disinfection, performed by micro-sprinkler withperacetic acid and ammonia associated with glutaraldehyde. Theexperiment was conducted at a hatchery in Uberlândia - MG, in June2013. Three hatcheries were employed, each one using a differenttreatment process. All process had been conducted in the same room andhad the same mechanisms of temperature, humidity and ventilationcontrol. Process 1 (P1) was sprayed with a solution of peracetic acid (twoml per liter of water, total of 300 ppm); P2 was sprayed with a solution ofglutaraldehyde associated with ammonia (one ml of water per liter, total of450 and 75 ppm); and P3 was sprayed only with distilled water. At the endof 48 hours, 16 chicks per treatment process were collected at eachoutbreak to remove the trachea. Each trachea was divided into twosamples. One sample was processed for evaluation by optical microscopeand another was processed for evaluation by transmission electronmicroscope. The observation of the slides had 10 fields for evaluation, sothat all tracheal mucosa on each slide was observed for the definition ofscores according to the degree of the found lesions. At the result, there wasa significant difference only in the material evaluated by light microscopybetween chicks exposed to environmental ammonia and glutaraldehyde(P2) related to the control group (P3), considering that these chicks showedmore severe injuries, such as areas with less cilia and areas of trachealmucosa flaking. Chicks exposed to disinfection with peracetic acid inhatcheries did not show lesions of the tracheal mucosa. Therefore, whenusing the dosages in this study, peracetic acid can be used for thedisinfection of hatcheries to reduce the contamination present during theprocess, while causing less damage to the tracheal mucosa of chicks.
Assuntos
Animais , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário/toxicidade , Desinfecção , Galinhas , Glutaral/efeitos adversos , Sistema Respiratório/lesões , Ácido Peracético/efeitos adversos , Incubadoras/veterinária , TraqueiaRESUMO
This study aimed at identifying lesions in the respiratory tract of chickenscaused by hatchery disinfection, performed by micro-sprinkler withperacetic acid and ammonia associated with glutaraldehyde. Theexperiment was conducted at a hatchery in Uberlândia - MG, in June2013. Three hatcheries were employed, each one using a differenttreatment process. All process had been conducted in the same room andhad the same mechanisms of temperature, humidity and ventilationcontrol. Process 1 (P1) was sprayed with a solution of peracetic acid (twoml per liter of water, total of 300 ppm); P2 was sprayed with a solution ofglutaraldehyde associated with ammonia (one ml of water per liter, total of450 and 75 ppm); and P3 was sprayed only with distilled water. At the endof 48 hours, 16 chicks per treatment process were collected at eachoutbreak to remove the trachea. Each trachea was divided into twosamples. One sample was processed for evaluation by optical microscopeand another was processed for evaluation by transmission electronmicroscope. The observation of the slides had 10 fields for evaluation, sothat all tracheal mucosa on each slide was observed for the definition ofscores according to the degree of the found lesions. At the result, there wasa significant difference only in the material evaluated by light microscopybetween chicks exposed to environmental ammonia and glutaraldehyde(P2) related to the control group (P3), considering that these chicks showedmore severe injuries, such as areas with less cilia and areas of trachealmucosa flaking. Chicks exposed to disinfection with peracetic acid inhatcheries did not show lesions of the tracheal mucosa. Therefore, whenusing the dosages in this study, peracetic acid can be used for thedisinfection of hatcheries to reduce the contamination present during theprocess, while causing less damage to the tracheal mucosa of chicks.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas , Sistema Respiratório/lesões , Desinfecção , Ácido Peracético/efeitos adversos , Glutaral/efeitos adversos , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário/toxicidade , Traqueia , Incubadoras/veterináriaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Glutaraldehyde (GTA) has been extensively used as a gelatin crosslinking agent, however, new natural ones have been suggested as more biocompatible. Polyphenols are possible candidates and the flavonols, such as rutin (RUT), also exhibit potential synergism with sunscreens and antioxidant agents used in cosmetics. In this work, gelatin microspheres (M0) were obtained and crosslinked with GTA 10 mM (MG) or RUT 10 mM (MR), dissolved in acetone:NaOH 0,01M (70:30 v/v). MG exhibited crosslinking extent of 54.4%. Gelatin, M0, MG and MR did not elicit any signs of skin damage, regarding the formation of erythema, the barrier function disruption and negative interference in the stratum corneum hydration. Oily dispersions containing M0, MG or MR, isolated or combined with benzophenone-3 or octyl methoxycinnamate, suggested that the microspheres, at a 5.0% w/w, had no additional chemical or physical photoprotective effect in vitro. Crosslinking with RUT had occurred, but in a lower degree than GTA. Microspheres had not improved sun protection parameters, although, non-treated gelatin interfered positively with the SPF for both UV filters. The in vivo studies demonstrated that these materials had very good skin compatibility.
Assuntos
Rutina/efeitos adversos , Glutaral/efeitos adversos , Gelatina/análise , Microesferas , Protetores Solares , Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , Cosméticos/classificaçãoAssuntos
Colo/efeitos dos fármacos , Colonoscopia/efeitos adversos , Desinfetantes/efeitos adversos , Glutaral/efeitos adversos , Proctocolite/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias do Colo/diagnóstico , Colonoscopia/instrumentação , Endoscópios Gastrointestinais/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Mucosa Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Estudo transversal, descritivo, realizado em 20 serviços de endoscopia digestiva alta da cidade de Goiânia-GO, em 2007, cujo objetivo foi avaliar as condições do glutaraldeído em uso para o reprocessamento de endoscópios. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de um roteiro sobre as condições sanitárias, pela aferição do pH e concentração do glutaraldeído em uso. A maioria dos serviços não realizava o controle de concentração e pH do glutaraldeído e, quando aferidos pelos pesquisadores, metade estava de acordo com as recomendações para um dos parâmetros e apenas 3(15%) estavam adequados simultaneamente. Quanto aos rótulos, foram encontrados 7(35%) no frasco de ativação do produto e 13(65%) no recipiente do produto em uso. Em 17(85%) serviços, o glutaraldeído era inadequadamente desprezado diretamente na pia. Os parâmetros de qualidade do reprocessamento químico utilizando o glutaraldeído para a desinfecção de alto nível em endoscópios, nos serviços investigados, podem representar risco para os usuários.
Cross sectional, descriptive study, conducted in 20 services of High Digestive Endoscopy in the city of Goiânia, GO, Brazil, in 2007, whose objective was to evaluate the conditions of glutaraldehyde in use for reprocessing of endoscopes. Datawere collected through a script about sanitary conditions, by pH assessment, and concentration of glutaraldehyde in use. Most services performed neither concentration control nor pH of glutaraldehyde. When assessed by researchers, half of them follow recommendations to only one of the parameters, and only 3(15%) were adequate simultaneously. As for labels, there were 7(35%) in the bottle of activation of the product and 13(65%) in the container of the product in use. In 17(85%) services, the glutaraldehyde was discarded directly and inadequately into the sink. Quality parameters of chemical reprocessing using glutaraldehyde for highlevel disinfection of endoscopes, in the investigated services can bring risk to users.
Estudio transversal, descriptivo, realizado en 20 servicios de endoscopia digestiva alta en la ciudad de Goiânia-GO-Brasil, en 2007, cuyo objetivo fue evaluar las condiciones del glutaraldehído en uso para el reprocesamiento de endoscopios. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de un guión sobre las condiciones sanitarias, por la aferición del pH y concentración del glutaraldehído en uso. La mayoría de los servicios no realizaba el control de concentración y pH del glutaraldehído y, cuando aferidos por los investigadores, la mitad se encontraba de acuerdo con recomendaciones para uno de los parámetros y solo 3(15%) estaban adecuados simultáneamente. Cuanto a los rótulos, fueron encontrados 7(35%) en el frasco de activación delproducto y 13(65%) en el recipiente del producto en uso. En 17(85%) servicios, el glutaraldehído era descartado directamente en el fregadero. Los parámetros de calidad del reprocesamiento químico utilizando el glutaraldehído para la desinfección de alto nivel en endoscopios, en los servicios investigados, pueden representar peligro para los usuarios.
Assuntos
Humanos , Controle de Qualidade , Endoscopia , Enfermagem , Glutaral/efeitos adversos , ToxicidadeRESUMO
Calcification is one of the major causes of failure of heart valve bioprostheses (HVBs) derived from glutaraldehyde (GA)-processed bovine pericardium (BP) or porcine aortic valves. New crosslinking reagent procedures are still far from giving satisfactory results, and this is the main reason why GA is still the reagent of choice for the fixation of native tissue intended for HVB manufacture. Nevertheless, two new findings with respect to GA processing may significantly improve HVB performance postimplantation: the finding that increasing concentrations of GA result in a decrease in calcification; the blocking of free aldehyde usually by nucleophyles or the treatment of processed material at low pH. This work investigates the in vitro properties of BP fixed with GA followed by the treatment with glutamic acid under alkaline conditions in order to prepare BP materials with lower calcification potential postimplantation. In comparison to conventional processing, except for the tensile strength that was slightly lower, elongation and toughness were higher than the accepted values. No significant differences were observed in the performance indexes (mean pressure gradient, mean effective area, regurgitant fraction, performance and efficiency indexes) with wear resistance over 150 × 106 cycles. These results indicate that the processing of BP described in this work may be of potential use in the manufacture of HVBs.
Assuntos
Bioprótese , Reagentes de Ligações Cruzadas/farmacologia , Ácido Glutâmico/farmacologia , Glutaral/farmacologia , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/instrumentação , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Pericárdio/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Calcinose/etiologia , Calcinose/prevenção & controle , Bovinos , Reagentes de Ligações Cruzadas/efeitos adversos , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , Ácido Glutâmico/efeitos adversos , Glutaral/efeitos adversos , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas/efeitos adversos , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/efeitos adversos , Temperatura Alta , Hidrodinâmica , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Teste de Materiais , Pericárdio/transplante , Desenho de Prótese , Falha de Prótese , Resistência à TraçãoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of GTA against these microorganisms and alternative disinfectants for high-level disinfection (HLD). METHODS: Reference mycobacteria and clinical M. massiliense strains were included in this study. Active cultures were submitted to susceptibility qualitative tests with GTA dilutions (ranging from 1.5 percent to 8 percent), and commercial orthophthaldehyde (OPA) and peracetic acid (PA) - based solutions, during the period of exposure as recommended by National Agency of Sanitary Surveillance for HLD. RESULTS: All reference and M. massiliense non-BRA100 strains, recovered from sputum, were susceptible to any GTA concentration, OPA and PA solutions. M. massiliense BRA100 strains presented MIC of 8 percent GTA and were susceptible to OPA and PA. CONCLUSION: M. massiliense BRA100 strain is resistant to high GTA concentrations (up to 7 percent), which proves that this product is non-effective against specific rapidly growing mycobacteria and should be substituted by OPA or PA - based solutions for HLD.(AU)
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a concentração mínima inibitória (CMI) de GTA frente a M. massiliense e a susceptibilidade a produtos alternativos para desinfecção de alto nível (DAN). MÉTODOS: Cepas de M. massiliense de origem clínica e de referência foram incluídas no estudo. As culturas ativadas foram submetidas a testes qualitativos com diluições de GTA (de 1,5 por cento a 8 por cento) e com soluções comerciais de ortoftaldeído (OPA) ou ácido peracético (PA), utilizando os tempos de exposição recomendados pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária para DAN. RESULTADOS: Todas as cepas de referência e M. massiliense não-BRA100, obtida de escarro, foram susceptíveis às concentrações de GTA, e soluções de OPA e PA. As cepas de M. massiliense BRA100 apresentaram CMI de 8 por cento para GTA e foram susceptíveis a OPA e PA. CONCLUSÃO: M. massiliense BRA100 é resistente a altas concentrações de GTA (até 7 por cento), o que demonstra que esse composto não é eficaz, e deve ser substituído por OPA ou PA nos processos de DAN.(AU)
Assuntos
Mycobacterium , Mycobacterium/patogenicidade , Infecções por Mycobacterium/prevenção & controle , Glutaral/administração & dosagem , Desinfetantes/administração & dosagem , Infecções por Mycobacterium/etiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Glutaral/efeitos adversos , Desinfecção/métodos , Desinfetantes/análiseRESUMO
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações da força inicial liberada pelos elásticos ortodônticos em cadeia em ambas as conformações, aberta e fechada, de três diferentes marcas comerciais (American Orthodontics, Unitek e Morelli), após imersão em duas diferentes soluções de glutaraldeído (Cidex e Anti-G Plus) para desinfecção (30 minutos) e para esterilização (10 horas). Os elásticos tiveram suas forças medidas em uma máquina de ensaios de tração (EMIC-DL 500 MF célula 1 Kgf). Os resultados foram gerados por um computador conectado à máquina de tração e foram submetidos a testes estatísticos (Wilcoxon signed rank test e Mann-Whitney rank sum test) com p < 0,05. Os resultados demonstraram que a imersão dos elásticos em cadeia nas soluções de glutaraldeído à 2% promove queda na liberação inicial da força, sendo em maior intensidade para o procedimento de esterilização. Não foram constatadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as marcas Unitek e Morelli quando comparados os elásticos de cadeiaaberta e fechada. Este fato não foi observado em relação aos elásticos da marca American Orthodontics. Concluiu-se que as soluções de glutaraldeído influenciam nas propriedades mecânicas dos elásticos ortodônticos em cadeia, sendo o aumento do tempo de imersão o fator principal na queda da liberação incial de força, porém, apesar de estatisticamente significativo, os resultados do grau de degradação da força elástica, em termos de valores absolutos, podem não serimportantes clinicamente, viabilizando assim, a esterilização química dos elásticos ortodônticos com a implementação de sua utilização no consultório ortodôntico.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the alterations in the initial liberation of force in both configurations of chains opened and closed, of three different marks of elastomeric chains (American Orthodontics, Unitek and Morelli), after immersion in two different glutaraldehyde solutions (Cidex and Anti-G Plus) for disinfection (30 minutes) and for sterilization (10 hours). The elastic chains had their forces measured in a tension testing machine (EMIC-DL 500 MF). The results were generated by a connected computer to the testing machine and they were submitted to statistical tests(Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann-Whitney rank sum test) with p <0,05. The results demonstrated that the immersion of the elastic chains in the glutaraldehyde solutions to the 2% promotes fall in the initial liberation of the force, being in larger intensity for the sterilization procedure. Statistically significant differences were not verified among the Unitek and Morelli marks when compared the elastic chains of open and closed chain. This fact was not observed in relation to the elastic chains of the American Orthodontics mark. It was ended that glutaraldehyde solutions can influence in the mechanical properties of the elastic chains, and the main reason of inicial degradation force is the increase immersion period. However, in spite of statistically significant, the results of the degree of degradation of the elastic force, in termsof absolute values, they cannot be clinically important, making possible like this, the chemical sterilization of the elastic chains.
Assuntos
Elastômeros , Glutaral/efeitos adversos , Resistência à Tração , Desinfecção , Glutaral , EsterilizaçãoRESUMO
Calcification of glutaraldehyde-treated bioprosthetic heart valves is a major cause of long-term failure. We studied porcine aortic valves treated by the L-Hydro process and implanted into 14 juvenile sheep (group 1). Another 10 sheep were implanted with glutaraldehyde-treated porcine bioprostheses (group 2). The animals were sacrificed after 150 days and the explanted valves were analyzed for calcification. Hemodynamic measurements by echocardiography and angiography were carried out prior to sacrifice. Macroscopic analysis showed calcification and loss of mobility of the leaflets in all group 2 implants and in one group 1 implant. Light microscopy showed foci of calcification in all group 2 implants and in 3 valves from group 1. A significant reduction in the level of calcification was found in porcine bioprostheses treated by the L-Hydro process and implanted into the juvenile sheep model.
Assuntos
Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Bioprótese , Calcinose/induzido quimicamente , Fixadores/efeitos adversos , Glutaral/efeitos adversos , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/induzido quimicamente , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/instrumentação , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Fixação de Tecidos/métodos , Animais , Valva Aórtica/patologia , Valva Aórtica/fisiopatologia , Calcinose/patologia , Calcinose/fisiopatologia , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , Feminino , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/patologia , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/fisiopatologia , Hemodinâmica , Masculino , Modelos Animais , Desenho de Prótese , Falha de Prótese , Ovinos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
This investigation was conducted in an attempt to clarify the role of the organic matrix in bovine dentine demineralisation by 1% citric acid. Dentine slabs (n = 15) were treated for 2 min with 10% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl, a strong protein solvent), 2% glutaraldehyde (GDA, a protein fixative) or deionised water (DIW, as negative control) prior to each of 5 demineralisation periods of 30 min. The mineral loss (DeltaZ), lesion depth (LD) and surface loss (SL) were determined after each period of demineralisation, by transverse microradiography. The NaOCl-treated group showed higher DeltaZ and LD than the GDA- and DIW-treated groups. No differences between GDA and DIW groups were found. The DeltaZ and LD profiles were explained by quadratic fits (r(2) >0.80; p = 0.001) in all groups. SL was detected only in the NaOCl-treated group. The data suggested that the maintenance of the organic matrix in the lesion might be important to reduce the erosion progression rate.