RESUMO
The content and composition of seed storage proteins is largely responsible for wheat end-use quality. They mainly consist of polymeric glutenins and monomeric gliadins. According to their electrophoretic mobility, gliadins and glutenins are subdivided into several fractions. Glutenins are classified as high molecular weight or low molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs and LMW-GSs, respectively). LMW-GSs are encoded by multigene families located at the orthologous Glu-3 loci. We designed a set of 16 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers that are able to detect SDS-PAGE alleles at the Glu-A3 and Glu-B3 loci. The SNP markers captured the diversity of alleles in 88 international reference lines and 27 Mexican cultivars, when compared to SDS-PAGE and STS markers, however, showed a slightly larger percent of multiple alleles, mainly for Glu-B3. SNP markers were then used to determine the Glu-1 and Glu-3 allele composition in 54 CIMMYT historical lines and demonstrated to be useful tool for breeding programs to improve wheat end product properties.
Assuntos
Glutens/genética , Triticum/genética , Alelos , Sequência de Bases , Pão , DNA de Plantas/genética , Genes de Plantas , Marcadores Genéticos , Glutens/química , Peso Molecular , Melhoramento Vegetal , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Subunidades Proteicas , Sitios de Sequências RotuladasRESUMO
Thirteen wheat genotypes were grown in four regions in Brazil: Cachoeira do Sul (CDS), Santo Augusto (STA), São Gabriel (SAG), and Vacaria (VAC). The principal component analysis explained between 88.3% and 99% of the growing location separation, depending on genotype. Among the 13 genotypes analyzed, TW ranged from 73.75 to 79.83 kg/hL. Final viscosity, gluten strength, extensibility, and falling number exhibited the highest influence on growing region discrimination. STA wheat was selected for the second stage of the study to evaluate the quality of cooked grains. The genotype TBIO Toruk had the longest cooking time of 36.92 min. For most of the studied genotypes, the yellowness reduced after cooking. Damaged grains exhibited values varying from 3.6% to 25.29%. At the end of in vitro digestion, the genotypes were divided into two groups: five genotypes had digestibility in the range of 51.93-58.13%, and eight presented 72.74-84.54% of starch hydrolysis.
Assuntos
Triticum/genética , Grãos Integrais/genética , Brasil , Culinária , Genótipo , Glutens/genética , Humanos , Hidrólise , Estado NutricionalRESUMO
The objective of this research was to identify and characterize the encoded peptides present in nut storage proteins of Carya illinoinensis. It was found, through in silico prediction, proteomic analysis, and MS spectrometry, that bioactive peptides were mainly found in albumin and glutelin fractions. Glutelin was the major fraction with ~53% of the nut storage proteins containing at least 21 peptides with different putative biological activities, including antihypertensives, antioxidants, immunomodulators, protease inhibitors, and inhibitors of cell cycle progression in cancer cells. Data showed that using 50 µg/mL tryptic digests of enriched peptides obtained from nut glutelins is able to induce up to 19% of apoptosis in both HeLa and CasKi cervical cancer cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report that shows the potential value of the nut-encoded peptides to be considered as adjuvants in cancer therapies.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/química , Carya/química , Peptídeos/química , Proteínas de Armazenamento de Sementes/genética , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Carya/genética , Glutens/química , Glutens/genética , Nozes/química , Nozes/genética , Peptídeos/genética , Peptídeos/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores de Proteases/química , Inibidores de Proteases/isolamento & purificação , Proteômica , Proteínas de Armazenamento de Sementes/química , Proteínas de Armazenamento de Sementes/isolamento & purificação , Sementes/químicaRESUMO
The transfer of agronomically useful genes from wild wheat species into cultivated wheat is one of the most effective approaches to improvement of wheat varieties. To evaluate the transfer of genes from Dasypyrum villosum into Triticum aestivum, wheat quality and disease resistance was evaluated in two new translocation lines, T1DLâ¢1V#3S and T1DSâ¢1V#3L. We examined the levels of stripe rust resistance and dough quality in the two lines, and identified and located the stripe rust resistant genes and high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) genes Glu-V1 of D. villosum. Compared to the Chinese Spring (CS) variety, T1DLâ¢1V#3S plants showed moderate resistance to moderate susceptibility to the stripe rust races CYR33 and Su11-4. However, T1DSâ¢1V#3L plants showed high resistance or immunity to these stripe rusts. The genes for resistance to stripe rust were located on 1VL of D. villosum. In comparison to CS, the dough from T1DSâ¢1V#3L had a significantly shorter developing time (1.45 min) and stable time (1.0 min), a higher weakness in gluten strength (208.5 FU), and a lower farinograph quality index (18). T1DLâ¢1V#3S had a significantly longer developing time (4.2 min) and stable time (5.25 min), a lower weakness in gluten strength (53 FU) and a higher farinograph quality index (78.5). We also found that T1DSâ¢1V#3L had reduced gluten strength and dough quality compared to CS, but T1DLâ¢1V#3S had increased gluten strength and dough quality. The results of SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that Glu-V1 of D. villosum was located on short arm 1VS and long arm 1VL. These results prove that the new translocation lines, T1DSâ¢1V#3L and T1DSâ¢1V#3L, have valuable stripe rust resistance and dough quality traits that will be important for improving wheat quality and resistance in future wheat breeding programs.
Assuntos
Basidiomycota/fisiologia , Resistência à Doença/genética , Farinha/normas , Genes de Plantas , Glutens/genética , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Poaceae/genética , Triticum/genética , Ecótipo , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Doenças das Plantas/genética , Subunidades Proteicas/genéticaRESUMO
Wheat flour quality is an important consideration in the breeding and development of new cultivars. A strong association between high-molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and bread making quality has resulted in the widespread utilization of HMW-GS in wheat breeding. In this study, we analyzed 242 lines of wheat, including landraces from the provinces of Punjab and Baluchistan, as well as the commercial varieties of Pakistan, to determine allelic variation in the Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1 loci encoding HMW-GS. Higher genetic diversity was observed for HMW-GS in landraces from Baluchistan, followed by landraces collected from Punjab and then commercial varieties. Rare and uncommon subunits were observed in Glu-B1, whereas Glu-A1 was less polymorphic. However, Glu-B1 was the highest contributor to overall diversity (78%), with a total of 31 rare alleles, followed by Glu-D1 (20%) with the high quality 5+10 allele and other variants. Commercial cultivars possessed favorable alleles, potentially from indirect selection for wheat flour quality by the breeders; however, this indirect selection has decreased the pedigree base of commercial cultivars. The allelic combinations, including 2*, 5+10, and 17+18, showing high quality scores were frequent among landraces, indicating their usefulness in future crop improvement and breeding programs.
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Glutens/genética , Subunidades Proteicas/genética , Triticum/genética , Alelos , Pão , Cruzamento , Deriva Genética , Glutens/química , Peso Molecular , Paquistão , Subunidades Proteicas/química , Triticum/químicaRESUMO
High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) play an essential role in wheat processing quality. In this study, we evaluated the genetic pattern with HMW-GS composition between generations and examined whether agronomic and quality traits were correlated with each other. A wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar with high protein content and 2 cultivars with low protein content were subjected to a reciprocal cross. Sixteen agronomic and 4 quality characteristics were investigated. A total of 216 seeds from each F2 generation were chosen randomly and analyzed for HMW-GS composition using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Agronomic and quality characteristics were not significantly different between reciprocal crosses, indicating no cytoplasmic effect on the characteristics studied. The separation ratio of 2 HMW-GS loci was 9:3:3:1, indicating no linkage between any 2 loci. The novel HMW-GS N was detected in cultivar R145, which did not follow the Mendelian segregation ratio. A Glu-A1a(1) band was not detected in 1 individual from Tian8901xR145. Average grain weight per spike was significantly correlated with quality characteristics and may be a suitable criterion for selecting high protein content in wheat breeding programs.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Triticum/genética , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Glutens/química , Glutens/genética , Peso Molecular , Fenótipo , Melhoramento Vegetal , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Subunidades Proteicas/química , Subunidades Proteicas/genética , Sementes/genética , Triticum/químicaRESUMO
With 300 Gy of [(60)Co] γ-ray radiation of dry wheat seeds of Vortex 9722, the protein content, wet gluten content, sedimentation value, and hardness variation were analyzed in 341 lines in M4. Using over population mean ± 2X standard deviation as the screening standard, 8 lines with higher protein and wet gluten content and 4 lines with lower protein and wet gluten content were selected. In the M5 generation, the quality traits - silty parameters and high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) - were further analyzed in these 12 lines. The results showed that in the M5 generation, the quality traits in some variants were significantly different from those in the parents; the farinograms varied greatly. Eleven variants had significantly different HMW-GS bands compared to their parents. The parents had a HMW-GS composition of 5 + 14 + 15 + 12 + 9, and the variants had HMW-GS of 11 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 12 subunits or 1 + 5 + 7 + 8 + 12 subunits, indicating that the glutenin loci of these lines were mutated.
Assuntos
Radioisótopos de Cobalto , Glutens/genética , Mutação , Triticum/genética , Triticum/efeitos da radiação , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Farinha/análise , Farinha/efeitos da radiação , Glutens/química , Glutens/metabolismo , Padrões de Herança/genética , Peso Molecular , Fenótipo , Subunidades Proteicas/química , Subunidades Proteicas/genética , Subunidades Proteicas/metabolismo , Sementes/genética , Sementes/metabolismo , Sementes/efeitos da radiação , Especificidade da Espécie , Triticum/classificaçãoRESUMO
In this study, a new disomic addition line, 12-5-2, with 44 chromosomes that was derived from BC3F2 descendants of the hybridization between Triticum aestivum cv. CN19 and Aegilops biuncialis was created and reported. 12-5-2 was immune to both powdery mildew and stripe rust and has stable fertility. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and C-banding revealed that 12-5-2 was a 1U(b) disomic addition line (ADL1U(b)). The seed storage protein electrophoresis showed that 12-5-2 presented all high molecular weight glutenin subunits (7 + 8 and 2 + 12) of CN19 and 2 new subunits that were designated Ux and Uy. Additionally, the flour quality parameters showed that the protein content, Zeleny sedimentation value, wet gluten content, and grain hardness of 12-5-2 were significantly higher than those of its parent CN19. Moreover, 5 pairs of the chromosome 1U(b)-specific polymerase chain reaction-based landmark unique gene markers, TNAC1021, TNAC1041, TNAC1071, TNAC1-01, and TNAC1-04, were also obtained. The new ADL1U(b) 12-5-2 could be a valuable source for wheat improvement, especially for wheat end-product quality and resistance to disease.
Assuntos
Cromossomos de Plantas/genética , Glutens/genética , Triticum/genética , Grão Comestível/genética , Glutens/metabolismo , Humanos , Hibridização Genética , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Subunidades Proteicas/genéticaRESUMO
The endosperm storage proteins of Hordeum chilense Roem. et Schult., a species used in the synthesis of the amphiploid tritordeum (x Tritordeum Ascherson et Graebner), have a great effect on the gluten strength of this amphiploid. We have analysed electrophoretically the heredity of these proteins, which are synthesised by genes located on chromosome 1H(ch), and detected up to five loci in a cross between two lines of H. chilense. These loci present a certain homology with loci synthesising the same proteins in wheat. The genetic distances between these loci were calculated.