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Racialized, deficit-oriented educational practices and inadequate safe spaces for youth undermine Communities of Color. We discuss our after-school program's framework, strategies, activities, and partnerships with community stakeholders, demonstrating that a collaborative, culturally responsive, strengths-based approach to mitigate trauma and enhance health and educational opportunities is essential for empowering Chicana/o/Latina/o youth and families.
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Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Adolescente , Feminino , Masculino , Criança , Instituições Acadêmicas , Guiana/etnologiaRESUMO
This paper examines bodily transformation and well-being within the context of a millenarian movement that emerged during the 1840s in the area surrounding Mount Roraima at the periphery of Brazil, Guyana (British Guiana at the time), and Venezuela. The site of this movement was Beckeranta - meaning 'Land of the Whites' - where up to 400 Amerindians were reportedly killed in a quest that is described in its sole historical account as centred around a goal of bodily transformation into white people. In examining this movement, the paper engages with longstanding debates in medical anthropology concerning the body, as well as conversations among Amazonianists concerning the social formation of bodies, and examines sorcery and shamanism as practices that go 'beyond the body'. Notions of bodily transformation in Amazonia, which are often activated by strong emotions, facilitate conceptual expansions of the body in medical anthropology. The paper suggests that bodily transformations tied to sorcery and shamanism are in some contexts, such as at Beckeranta, associated with desires for well-being.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2020.1807726.
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Indígenas Sul-Americanos/etnologia , Bruxaria , Antropologia Médica , Cristianismo/história , Guiana/etnologia , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , HumanosRESUMO
Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in many industrialized countries and is among the leading causes of death. Ranking among one of the top three forms of cancer, it is unfortunate that prostate cancer screening is not routinely recommended. This study attempts to explore the barriers to prostate cancer screening among Indo-Guyanese men. We conducted in-depth, one on one interviews among 20 Indo-Guyanese men between the ages of 45 and 75 years old, residing in the New York City neighborhood of Queens. Qualitative analysis was performed using multiple coders. Detailed analysis of the data found four major themes to be the culprit associated with a decrease in prostate cancer screening in this population: (1) lack of knowledge about the disease, (2) fear of diagnosis, (3) embarrassment and, (4) personal reservations with the rectal exam. The findings of this research suggest that Indo-Guyanese immigrants are lacking the basic understanding of prostate cancer and the importance of screening. It is possible that this deficiency is also applicable to many other disease states. By collaborating with healthcare providers and other stakeholders, such as community leaders and elected officials, we can develop culturally appropriate services specific to this population, to address these barriers to healthcare services.
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Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Neoplasias da Próstata , Idoso , Guiana/etnologia , Humanos , Índia/etnologia , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cidade de Nova Iorque/epidemiologia , Antígeno Prostático Específico , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Próstata/etnologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Literature indicates that children from ethnic minorities are at increased risk of sustaining burns. Moreover, parents may experience more psychological distress but why this is the case is poorly investigated. METHODS: A prospective study including 120 mothers and 106 fathers of preschool children, of which 23 mothers and 24 fathers had an ethnic minority background, investigated levels of parental feelings of guilt, depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms and compared Dutch parents with parents from different ethnic backgrounds on these outcomes. A qualitative study with 46 parents, 24 Dutch and 22 from different ethnic minority backgrounds, explored how they coped with the consequences of the burns. RESULTS: Results revealed more symptoms of posttraumatic stress and depression in ethnic minority parents. Ethnic minority fathers also had more guilt feelings. Lower social support, medical communication hampered by language barriers, lower health literacy and passive communication styles, (aspects of) religious coping and barriers to psychosocial care may partly explain the differences. CONCLUSIONS: Parents with an ethnic minority background are at risk to experience increased distress after their child's burn injury. By exploring the aforementioned factors, health care professionals may increase the family's wellbeing. It may provide a starting point to offer tailored help.
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Queimaduras , Depressão/psicologia , Etnicidade/psicologia , Culpa , Grupos Minoritários/psicologia , Pais/psicologia , Apoio Social , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Adaptação Psicológica , Adulto , Pré-Escolar , Barreiras de Comunicação , Feminino , Guiana/etnologia , Letramento em Saúde , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Lactente , Idioma , Masculino , Serviços de Saúde Mental , Marrocos/etnologia , Países Baixos , Angústia Psicológica , Sistemas de Apoio Psicossocial , Religião , Suriname/etnologia , Turquia/etnologiaRESUMO
Since the early 1990s, the World Bank and Inter-American Development Bank have led efforts advocating the use of economic tools in setting priorities for health spending in poor countries. But while these powerful global health institutions present economic management as the key to improving health, they often fail to implement even their own policies requiring the use of economic tools for health project planning. In these institutions, economic tools operate beyond application for decision-making, becoming simultaneously a site of tensions regarding sovereignty and sites of enjoyment for economists at development bank headquarters. This article traces the ways that economic tools are both deployed and left aside across development bank networks, and in the process are productive of both affect and power. Attention to frictions in the use of economic tools ought to help motivate more just global health governance, taking into account political considerations that are built into expert practice.
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Países em Desenvolvimento/economia , Saúde Global , Planejamento em Saúde/economia , Antropologia Médica , Saúde Global/economia , Saúde Global/etnologia , Guiana/etnologia , Humanos , Política , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Discrimination experience is a stressor that may disproportionately affect the mental health of minority populations. AIMS: We examined the association between discrimination experience and depressive symptoms among four urban racial/ethnic groups. METHOD: Cross-sectional community-based health survey data for Black (n = 434), Guyanese (n = 180), Hispanic (n = 173), and White (n = 809) adults aged ⩾18 years were collected in Schenectady, New York, in 2013. Discrimination experience was measured with the Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS), and depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. Logistic regression models for the association between EDS and major depressive symptoms (CES-D ⩾ 16) were fitted for each racial/ethnic group. The final model adjusted for age, sex, education, income, smoking, alcohol binge drinking, emotional/social support, and perceived stress. RESULTS: The mean EDS scores varied significantly across groups (p < .001), with 2.6 in Hispanics, 2.2 in Whites, 2.0 in Blacks, and 1.1 in the Guyanese. There was a consistent and significant independent association between EDS and major depressive symptoms in the crude model and at each step of covariate adjustment in each group. Fully adjusted odds ratios were 1.28 (95% confidence interval [CI; 1.16, 1.41]) in Blacks, 1.83 in the Guyanese [1.36, 2.47], 1.23 in Hispanics [1.07, 1.41], and 1.24 [1.16, 1.33] in Whites. The presence of covariates did not significantly modify the main effect in each group. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that discrimination experience can be one of the fundamental social causes of depression. It may be feasible to assess discrimination experience as a risk factor of depression in individuals of all racial/ethnic backgrounds.
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Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Transtorno Depressivo/psicologia , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Racismo/psicologia , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , População Branca/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Negro ou Afro-Americano/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Guiana/etnologia , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Racismo/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , População Branca/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Background The epidemiology of ESRD requiring maintenance dialysis (ESRD-D) in large, diverse immigrant populations is unclear.Methods We estimated ESRD-D prevalence and incidence among immigrants in Ontario, Canada. Adults residing in Ontario in 2014 were categorized as long-term Canadian residents or immigrants according to administrative health and immigration datasets. We determined ESRD-D prevalence among these adults and calculated age-adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) comparing immigrants to long-term residents. Among those who immigrated to Ontario between 1991 and 2012, age-adjusted ESRD-D incidence was calculated by world region and country of birth, with immigrants from Western nations as the referent group.Results Among 1,902,394 immigrants and 8,860,283 long-term residents, 1700 (0.09%) and 8909 (0.10%), respectively, presented with ESRD-D. Age-adjusted ESRD-D prevalence was higher among immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa (PR, 2.17; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.84 to 2.57), Latin America and the Caribbean (PR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.90 to 2.34), South Asia (PR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.32 to 1.59), and East Asia and the Pacific (PR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.46). Immigrants from Somalia (PR, 4.18; 95% CI, 3.11 to 5.61), Trinidad and Tobago (PR, 2.88; 95% CI, 2.23 to 3.73), Jamaica (PR, 2.88; 95% CI, 2.40 to 3.44), Sudan (PR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.53 to 5.27), and Guyana (PR, 2.69; 95% CI, 2.19 to 3.29) had the highest age-adjusted ESRD-D PRs relative to long-term residents. Immigrants from these countries also exhibited higher age-adjusted ESKD-D incidence relative to Western Nations immigrants.Conclusions Among immigrants in Canada, those from sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean have the highest ESRD-D risk. Tailored kidney-protective interventions should be developed for these susceptible populations.
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Emigrantes e Imigrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Falência Renal Crônica/etnologia , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Diálise Renal/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ásia/etnologia , Feminino , Guiana/etnologia , Humanos , Incidência , Jamaica/etnologia , Falência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , América Latina/etnologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ontário/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Somália/etnologia , Sudão/etnologia , Trinidad e Tobago/etnologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Guyanese immigrants are the 5th largest foreign-born group in NY State, but sparse literature is available on their health status and health needs. A community-based health interview survey of Schenectady NY residents aged 18-64 (N = 1861) was analyzed. Bivariate comparisons between Guyanese respondents and White, Black, and Hispanic respondents were made for each variable to identify disparities. As predominantly low SES immigrants, Guyanese adults were less likely to be covered by health insurance, have a usual place for care, and receive cancer screenings. They were more likely to engage in alcohol binge drinking, but generally in good overall physical and mental health and less likely to smoke or report disability. Stable family structure and supportive interpersonal relationships are major assets of this group. Improved access to affordable health insurance, linkages to primary care, targeted cancer screening programs, and culturally-sensitive behavioral health services are recommended for Guyanese immigrants.
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Emigrantes e Imigrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde/etnologia , Grupos Raciais/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Guiana/etnologia , Letramento em Saúde , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Seguro Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Saúde Mental/etnologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , New York/epidemiologia , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/etnologia , Assistência Centrada no Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Características de Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Apoio Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estresse Psicológico/etnologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate relationships among food shopping venues, food environment, and body mass index (BMI). DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey data and directly assessed food environment data were linked at the neighborhood level. SETTING: Schenectady, NY. PARTICIPANTS: A sample of Guyanese, black, and white adults (n = 226, 485, and 908, respectively). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: BMI. ANALYSIS: Linear regression models were constructed with 10 food shopping venues and neighborhood food environment as explanatory variables, controlling for sociodemographics, dietary behavior, physical activity, and perception of healthy food access. RESULTS: On average, respondents used 3.5 different food shopping venues. Supermarkets and ethnic markets were associated with a lower BMI in Guyanese adults. Among black adults, farmers' markets were associated with a lower BMI, whereas supermarkets, wholesale clubs, and food pantries were associated with a higher BMI. Among white adults, food coops and supermarkets were associated with a lower BMI and wholesale clubs were associated with a higher BMI. Neighborhoods with less a favorable food environment (longer travel distance to a supermarket) were associated with a lower BMI in Guyanese adults. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Both primary (ie, supermarkets) and secondary food shopping venues could be independent determinants of BMI. The observed variations by race and ethnicity provided insights into a culturally tailored approach to address obesity.