RESUMO

Clinical History: A 436 kg, 2-year-old, pregnant Angus cross cow was presented for necropsy with a history of sudden death during calving season. Two other heifers on the property recently had late term abortions with the calves having to be pulled out from the birth canal. Gross Findings: The subcutaneous tissue, omentum, mesentery, perirenal adipose tissue, and intima of the major vessels were diffusely and markedly yellow (Figure 1). The right liver lobe had a large (15x11x7 cm) area of pale tan discoloration covered by a thin layer of fibrin. On the cut surface, this area was pale red and dry (Figure 2). Throughout the remaining hepatic parenchyma were irregularly shaped, serpiginous, dark green to black tracks. Some of these tracks contained adult Fasciola hepatica flukes in the lumen. The gallbladder was distended and filled with large amounts of dark green, thick bile. The kidneys were diffusely dark red with disseminated pinpoint, dark red foci in the cortex (Figure 3). The urinary bladder contained approximately 300 mL of dark red urine (Figure 4). The brain had a slight yellow discoloration. Approximately 300 mL of red-tinged fluid was in the thorax. Large numbers of fibrous adhesions were present between the visceral pleura, the parietal pleura, and the pericardium. Approximately 200 mL of red-tinged fluid was in the pericardial sac. There was extensive hemorrhage on the epicardium.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Bacillary hemoglobinuria (BH) is a histotoxic infection caused by Clostridium haemolyticum that affects mostly cattle parasitized with trematodes. The aim of present study was to describe an atypical case of BH in a cow without access to flooded areas and without parasitism by Fasciola hepatica. After eight days of sternal decubitus and apathy, a Nellore cow was euthanized and necropsied. During postmortem examination, mild jaundice, black urine and multifocal lesions in the liver were observed. Histopathology revealed multifocal coagulation foci of necrosis in liver and basophilic bacillary structures, which were confirmed as C. haemolyticum by bacterial isolation, PCR and sequencing techniques. This is the first description of BH in cattle in Minas Gerais state, Brazil and highlight the need for of inclusion of BH as differential diagnosis even in animals not parasitized by trematodes.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Bovine bacillary hemoglobinuria (BBH) produced by Clostridium novyi type D, is an endemic, highly fatal disease of cattle in the temperate grassland region of eastern Uruguay. A previous study showed that in this region, BBH is not associated with Fasciola hepatica or any other known focal-ischemic liver injury, so the reasons for its high incidence remains undetermined. The objective of this study was to analyze data from 45 Fasciola hepatica-free BBH outbreaks (1999-2019) in order to find common animal, seasonal and/or geographical risk factors, which may explain the occurrence of the epizootics. Fisher's goodness-of-fit testing showed a significantly higher case proportion of adult cows (N = 368, 80.5%) and lower of calves (N =8, 1.8%), as compared to the expected proportions of the censused population in the study area and historical submissions computed from the laboratory database (Chi-Sq = 346.2 and 174.8, df = 7, P < 0.00). Time series decomposition showed a bi-seasonal pattern, with a larger peak in spring and early summer (October to January) and a smaller increase in autumn (March-May). The lowest seasonal indices were on mid-summer (February) and winter (June-September). A combination of spatial statistics was used to assess the different spatial features of the disease and consistency of the findings. Global spatial autocorrelation showed BBH was significantly clustered (Moran's I = 0.407, P < 0.001). Both smoothed Anselin's Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation and Kulldorff's spatial scan Poisson and Bernoulli models, detected roughly the same high-risk areas in the southeastern part of the Merin Lagoon basin, with the most likely cluster centered in the large wetland biosphere reserve "Eastern Wetlands and Coastal Strip" (RR = 9.12, P < 0.001). Outbreaks were georeferenced (latitude, longitude) and thematic dot-mapping geovisualization in Google Earth™ showed that the results were robust and truly geographic in nature. Most outbreaks (40/45, 88.8%) occurred on wetlands areas and large river valleys, characterized by poorly drained and frequently flooded soils, indicating that moisture-laden soils are the natural habitat of C. novyi type D. Grasslands in these endemic areas support rapid fattening of cattle during spring-summer, and somewhat less in autumn, in almost exact correspondence with BBH peaks, suggesting a close causal association in high-risk areas. Risk is significantly higher in adult cows probably because the spore content in the liver is highest in this category. The altered lipid metabolism and lipotoxicity in the liver may be the precipitating factor for spore germination and epizootic occurrence.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Copper toxicity is thought to be a rare condition in horses. However, the number of cases diagnosed in Brazil is growing. This article aims to describe cases of copper toxicity involving horses from different geographic locations and discuss findings of physical examinations, differential diagnoses and potential causes. Five cases referred from 4 different properties where at least 15 other horses were affected were described. Hemolytic anemia and hemoglobinuria, presence of Heinz bodies and elevated aspartate aminotransferase and gamaglutamil transferase levels were detected in all cases. The diagnosis was based on clinical history and signs, laboratory tests results, copper level determination in feed and/or soil and histopathological findings. Two horses progressed to acute death; remaining horses responded to clinical management with or without blood transfusion, depending on disease severity. However, one of these horses, after several returns to the veterinary hospital, was euthanized due to complications. One horse was treated with ammonium tetrathiomolybdate. Two horses had several recurring episodes over the course of several months, an uncommon presentation in ruminants suffering from copper toxicity. Excess copper was associated with soil fertilization with poultry litter or treatment of previous or neighbor crops with copper-containing products. It can be concluded that copper toxicity does occur in horses and may arise from several sources and/or be associated with predisposing dietary factors. Given the growing number of cases, the condition should be included in the differential diagnosis list and proper preventive dietary and pasture fertilization measures adopted.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivo: Caracterizar los pacientes con retinopatía diabética desde el punto de vista epidemiológico y clínico. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en el Centro Oftalmológico de Santiago de Cuba, desde octubre del año 2017 hasta octubre de 2019, en una población de 42 pacientes diabéticos tipo 2. Resultados: Predominaron los pacientes con tiempo de diabetes mellitus mayor de 10 años, y edades de 55 años o más (60,0 por ciento); el mayor porcentaje correspondió al color de piel negra (66,7 por ciento ); la agudeza visual mayor de 0,6 se presentó en el 49,4 por ciento de los casos; la retinopatía diabética proliferativa fue la más presentada con 55,9 por ciento. Hubo predominio, además, de los valores de hemoglobina glicosilada por encima del 7 por ciento y de la normoalbuminuria con 46,7 y 66,7 por ciento, respectivamente, en ambos grupos. Conclusiones: Los valores elevados de hemoglobina glicosilada y la normoalbuminuria se asocian, desde el punto de vista clínico, a la retinopatía diabética proliferativa(AU)

Objective: Characterize diabetic retinopathy patients from a clinical and epidemiological point of view. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted of 42 type 2 diabetic patients at Santiago de Cuba Ophthalmology Center from October 2017 to October 2019. Results: A predominance was found of patients who had had diabetes mellitus for more than 10 years and were aged 55 years or over (60.0 percent); black skin color prevailed with 66.7 percent; visual acuity above 0.6 was present in 49.4 percent of the cases, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy was the most common type (55.9 percent). In both groups glycosylated hemoglobin values above 7 percent prevailed, whereas normal albuminuria was predominant with 46.7 percent and 66.7 percent, respectively. Conclusions: High glycosylated hemoglobin and normal albuminuria values are clinically associated to proliferative diabetic retinopathy(AU)

Assuntos

Assuntos

Assuntos

RESUMO

Clostridial diseases are important causes of livestock losses in the southern Rio Grande do Sul. Since 1978 annual surveys conducted at the "Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico" of the "Universidade Federal de Pelotas" (LRD-UFPel) have shown that clostridial diseases represent 10.40% of the bacterial diseases diagnosed in cattle and 1.65% of all diseases diagnosis in cattle over a 40-year period. The purpose of this study is to review the clinical, epidemiological and pathological aspects of the clostridial diseases diagnosed in cattle from January 1978 to December 2018 at the LRD-UFPel in the hopes that it will constitute a useful guide for field veterinary practitioners and interested farmers. We assessed and review the necropsy protocols of 6,736 cattle; these necropsies were performed either by LRD-UFPel faculty or by field veterinary practitioners; 111 outbreaks (1.65%) were diagnosed as clostridial disease, distributed as follows: 35 outbreaks of tetanus, 34 of blackleg, 23 of bacillary hemoglobinuria, 11 of malignant edema (gas gangrene), and eight of botulism. Approximately 904, from a total of 42,480 cattle at risk, died in these outbreaks.(AU)

Clostridioses são doenças produzidas por alguma das espécies do gênero Clostridium e são importantes causas de perdas pecuárias no sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisas anuais realizadas no Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (LRD-UFPel) desde 1978 demonstraram que as clostridioses representaram 11,1% das doenças bacterianas diagnosticadas em bovinos e 1,65% de todos os diagnósticos de doenças em bovinos ao longo de 40 anos. O objetivo deste estudo é revisar os aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e patológicos das clostridioses diagnosticadas de janeiro de 1978 a dezembro de 2018, pelo LRD/UFPel com a intenção de que esse trabalho possa servir de guia útil para os veterinários de campo e fazendeiros interessados. Foram avaliados e revisados os protocolos de necropsia de 6.736 bovinos; essas necropsias foram realizadas pelo pessoal do LRD/UFPel ou por veterinários de campo. Cento e quatro (1,16%) casos foram diagnosticados como clostridioses, distribuídos da seguinte forma: 35 surtos de tétano, 34 de carbúnculo sintomático, 23 de hemoglobinúria bacilar, 11 de edema maligno (gangrena gasosa) e oito de botulismo. Aproximadamente 904, de um total de 42.480 bovinos sob-risco, morreram nesses surtos.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Clostridial diseases are important causes of livestock losses in the southern Rio Grande do Sul. Since 1978 annual surveys conducted at the "Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico" of the "Universidade Federal de Pelotas" (LRD-UFPel) have shown that clostridial diseases represent 10.40% of the bacterial diseases diagnosed in cattle and 1.65% of all diseases diagnosis in cattle over a 40-year period. The purpose of this study is to review the clinical, epidemiological and pathological aspects of the clostridial diseases diagnosed in cattle from January 1978 to December 2018 at the LRD-UFPel in the hopes that it will constitute a useful guide for field veterinary practitioners and interested farmers. We assessed and review the necropsy protocols of 6,736 cattle; these necropsies were performed either by LRD-UFPel faculty or by field veterinary practitioners; 111 outbreaks (1.65%) were diagnosed as clostridial disease, distributed as follows: 35 outbreaks of tetanus, 34 of blackleg, 23 of bacillary hemoglobinuria, 11 of malignant edema (gas gangrene), and eight of botulism. Approximately 904, from a total of 42,480 cattle at risk, died in these outbreaks.(AU)

Clostridioses são doenças produzidas por alguma das espécies do gênero Clostridium e são importantes causas de perdas pecuárias no sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisas anuais realizadas no Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (LRD-UFPel) desde 1978 demonstraram que as clostridioses representaram 11,1% das doenças bacterianas diagnosticadas em bovinos e 1,65% de todos os diagnósticos de doenças em bovinos ao longo de 40 anos. O objetivo deste estudo é revisar os aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e patológicos das clostridioses diagnosticadas de janeiro de 1978 a dezembro de 2018, pelo LRD/UFPel com a intenção de que esse trabalho possa servir de guia útil para os veterinários de campo e fazendeiros interessados. Foram avaliados e revisados os protocolos de necropsia de 6.736 bovinos; essas necropsias foram realizadas pelo pessoal do LRD/UFPel ou por veterinários de campo. Cento e quatro (1,16%) casos foram diagnosticados como clostridioses, distribuídos da seguinte forma: 35 surtos de tétano, 34 de carbúnculo sintomático, 23 de hemoglobinúria bacilar, 11 de edema maligno (gangrena gasosa) e oito de botulismo. Aproximadamente 904, de um total de 42.480 bovinos sob-risco, morreram nesses surtos.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired clonal disease causing hematopoietic cell alteration, caused by a mutation in the PIG-A gene; which does not allow certain important proteins to bind to the cells. A 58-year-old patient presented with headache, a history of malaria, and occasionally dark urine. Magnetic resonance imaging proved to be an effective diagnostic method for detecting renal cortical hemosiderosis, thanks to its high spatial resolution capacity.

La hemoglobinuria paroxística nocturna (HPN) es una enfermedad clonal adquirida ocasionando la alteración de células hematopoyética, causada por una mutación en el gen GPI-A; lo cual no permite que ciertas proteínas importantes se fijen a las células. Se presenta un paciente de 58 años que acude con cefalea, antecedente de malaria y en ocasiones orinas oscuras. La resonancia magnética demostró ser un método diagnóstico eficaz para detectar la hemosiderosis renal cortical, gracias a su elevada capacidad de resolución espacial.

Assuntos