RESUMO
The health-promoting effects of phenolic compounds depend on their bioaccessibility from the food matrix and their consequent bioavailability. We carried out a randomized crossover pilot clinical trial to evaluate the matrix effect (raw flesh and juice) of 'Ataulfo' mango on the bioavailability of its phenolic compounds. Twelve healthy male subjects consumed a dose of mango flesh or juice. Blood was collected for six hours after consumption, and urine for 24 h. Plasma and urine phenolics were analyzed by electrochemical detection coupled to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-ECD). Five compounds were identified and quantified in plasma. Six phenolic compounds, plus a microbial metabolite (pyrogallol) were quantified in urine, suggesting colonic metabolism. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) occurred 2-4 h after consumption; excretion rates were maximum at 8-24 h. Mango flesh contributed to greater protocatechuic acid absorption (49%), mango juice contributed to higher chlorogenic acid absorption (62%). Our data suggests that the bioavailability and antioxidant capacity of mango phenolics is preserved, and may be increased when the flesh is processed into juice.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Cinamatos/administração & dosagem , Manipulação de Alimentos , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais , Frutas , Mangifera , Fenóis/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Antioxidantes/análise , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Ácido Clorogênico/administração & dosagem , Ácido Clorogênico/sangue , Ácido Clorogênico/metabolismo , Ácido Clorogênico/urina , Cinamatos/sangue , Cinamatos/metabolismo , Cinamatos/urina , Produtos Agrícolas/química , Produtos Agrícolas/economia , Produtos Agrícolas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Estudos Cross-Over , Frutas/química , Frutas/economia , Frutas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais/análise , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Hidroxibenzoatos/administração & dosagem , Hidroxibenzoatos/sangue , Hidroxibenzoatos/metabolismo , Hidroxibenzoatos/urina , Absorção Intestinal , Masculino , Mangifera/química , Mangifera/crescimento & desenvolvimento , México , Valor Nutritivo , Fenóis/sangue , Fenóis/metabolismo , Fenóis/urina , Projetos Piloto , Pirogalol/sangue , Pirogalol/urina , Especificidade da Espécie , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Miniaturized sample pretreatments for the analysis of phenolic metabolites in plasma, involving protein precipitation, enzymatic deconjugation, extraction procedures, and different derivatization reactions were systematically evaluated. The analyses were conducted by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry for the evaluation of 40 diet-derived phenolic compounds. Enzyme purification was necessary for the phenolic deconjugation before extraction. Trimethylsilanization reagent and two different tetrabutylammonium salts for derivatization reactions were compared. The optimum reaction conditions were 50 µL of trimethylsilanization reagent at 90°C for 30 min, while tetrabutylammonium salts were associated with loss of sensitivity due to rapid activation of the inert gas chromatograph liner. Phenolic acids extractions from plasma were optimized. Optimal microextraction by packed sorbent performance was achieved using an octadecylsilyl packed bed and better recoveries for less polar compounds, such as methoxylated derivatives, were observed. Despite the low recovery for many analytes, repeatability using an automated extraction procedure in the gas chromatograph inlet was 2.5%. Instead, using liquid-liquid microextraction, better recoveries (80-110%) for all analytes were observed at the expense of repeatability (3.8-18.4%). The phenolic compounds in gerbil plasma samples, collected before and 4 h after the administration of a calafate extract, were analyzed with the optimized methodology.
Assuntos
Dieta , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Hidroxibenzoatos/sangue , Microextração em Fase Líquida , Animais , GerbillinaeRESUMO
This study developed and validated a method for the extraction and determination of 11 phenolic acids in rat plasma, urine, and liver by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). A system suitability test (instrumental linearity, area, and retention time precision) was performed and recovery, intraday and between-day precisions, detection limits (LOD), and quantification limits (LOQ) were determined for all compounds in each biological matrix. Recoveries varied between 88 and 117% in plasma, between 87 and 102% in urine, and between 38 and 100% in liver. Precision was higher than 13.7% intraday and 14.0% interday in all matrices, at three concentration levels. To demonstrate the applicability, the method was used to estimate the concentrations of phenolic acids in samples from animals that received 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) by gavage. The excellent validation results and the applicability of the method to real samples confirmed the suitability for studies on absorption, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics of phenolic acids derived from foods rich in phenolic compounds.