RESUMO
The metabolism and absorption of citrus flavanones are intrinsically linked to the gut microbiota, creating a bidirectional relationship where these compounds influence the microbiome, and in turn, the microbiota affects their metabolism. This study evaluates the effect of acute and chronic consumption of orange juice (OJ) on the urinary excretion of gut-derived flavanone metabolites and the gut microbiota. Health volunteers ingested 500 mL of OJ for 60 days in a single-arm human intervention study. Blood and feces were collected at baseline and after 60 days, with an additional 24-hour urine collection after a single dose on day 1 and day 63. LC-MS/MS analyzed urinary flavanone metabolites, while 16S rRNA sequencing characterized gut microbiota. Total urinary hesperetin conjugates excretion significantly decreased over 60 days, while gut-derived total phenolic acids, particularly three hydroxybenzoic acids, increased. Moreover, the heterogeneity of the total amount of flavanone conjugates, initially categorizing individuals into high-, medium- and low- urinary excretor profiles, shifted towards medium-excretor, except for five individuals who remained as low-excretors. This alteration was accompanied by a decrease in intestinal ß-glucosidase activity and a shift in the relative abundance of specific genera, such as decreases in Blautia, Eubacterium hallii, Anaerostipes, and Fusicatenibacter, among which, Blautia was associated with higher urinary flavanone conjugates excretion. Conversely, an increase in Prevotella was observed. In summary, chronic OJ consumption induced transient changes in gut microbiota and altered the metabolism of citrus flavanones, leading to distinct urinary excretion profiles of flavanone metabolites.
Assuntos
Citrus sinensis , Fezes , Flavanonas , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Flavanonas/urina , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Fezes/microbiologia , Fezes/química , Hesperidina/urina , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/metabolismo , Bactérias/genética , Hidroxibenzoatos/urinaRESUMO
The health-promoting effects of phenolic compounds depend on their bioaccessibility from the food matrix and their consequent bioavailability. We carried out a randomized crossover pilot clinical trial to evaluate the matrix effect (raw flesh and juice) of 'Ataulfo' mango on the bioavailability of its phenolic compounds. Twelve healthy male subjects consumed a dose of mango flesh or juice. Blood was collected for six hours after consumption, and urine for 24 h. Plasma and urine phenolics were analyzed by electrochemical detection coupled to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-ECD). Five compounds were identified and quantified in plasma. Six phenolic compounds, plus a microbial metabolite (pyrogallol) were quantified in urine, suggesting colonic metabolism. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) occurred 2-4 h after consumption; excretion rates were maximum at 8-24 h. Mango flesh contributed to greater protocatechuic acid absorption (49%), mango juice contributed to higher chlorogenic acid absorption (62%). Our data suggests that the bioavailability and antioxidant capacity of mango phenolics is preserved, and may be increased when the flesh is processed into juice.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Cinamatos/administração & dosagem , Manipulação de Alimentos , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais , Frutas , Mangifera , Fenóis/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Antioxidantes/análise , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Ácido Clorogênico/administração & dosagem , Ácido Clorogênico/sangue , Ácido Clorogênico/metabolismo , Ácido Clorogênico/urina , Cinamatos/sangue , Cinamatos/metabolismo , Cinamatos/urina , Produtos Agrícolas/química , Produtos Agrícolas/economia , Produtos Agrícolas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Estudos Cross-Over , Frutas/química , Frutas/economia , Frutas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais/análise , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Hidroxibenzoatos/administração & dosagem , Hidroxibenzoatos/sangue , Hidroxibenzoatos/metabolismo , Hidroxibenzoatos/urina , Absorção Intestinal , Masculino , Mangifera/química , Mangifera/crescimento & desenvolvimento , México , Valor Nutritivo , Fenóis/sangue , Fenóis/metabolismo , Fenóis/urina , Projetos Piloto , Pirogalol/sangue , Pirogalol/urina , Especificidade da Espécie , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This study developed and validated a method for the extraction and determination of 11 phenolic acids in rat plasma, urine, and liver by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). A system suitability test (instrumental linearity, area, and retention time precision) was performed and recovery, intraday and between-day precisions, detection limits (LOD), and quantification limits (LOQ) were determined for all compounds in each biological matrix. Recoveries varied between 88 and 117% in plasma, between 87 and 102% in urine, and between 38 and 100% in liver. Precision was higher than 13.7% intraday and 14.0% interday in all matrices, at three concentration levels. To demonstrate the applicability, the method was used to estimate the concentrations of phenolic acids in samples from animals that received 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) by gavage. The excellent validation results and the applicability of the method to real samples confirmed the suitability for studies on absorption, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics of phenolic acids derived from foods rich in phenolic compounds.