RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the efficacy of denture cleaners on the adhesion of Candida albicans and their effects on the surface, optical, and mechanical properties of resins for conventional, milled, and 3D-printed denture bases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 240 resin samples were made, 120 for testing Candida albicans adhesion, optical stabilities (ΔE00), roughness (Ra), hydrophilicity (°), surface free energy (Owens-Wendt) and 120 samples for testing Candida albicans adhesion, surface microhardness (Knoop), flexural strength and modulus of elasticity in a three-point test, in which they were divided into 3 groups of denture resin (n = 40) and subdivided into 5 cleaners of dentures (n = 8). Data were evaluated by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test for multiple comparisons (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Denture cleaners with an alkaline solution and dilute acid composition were those that showed the greatest effectiveness in reducing Candida albicans (P < 0.001), however 1% NaOCl significantly affected the properties of the resins (P < 0.05). Denture 3D-printed showed that the surface microhardness was significantly lower for all cleansers (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Listerine demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing Candida albicans with minimal effect on denture properties, whereas 1% NaOCl had a significant negative impact on the properties. The mechanical properties were significantly lower in 3D-printed resin than in other resins for all denture cleansers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Denture base materials are being sold to adapt to the CAD/CAM system, increasing the number of users of dentures manufactured with this system. Despite this, there is little investigation into denture cleaners regarding the adhesion capacity of microorganisms and the optical, surface and mechanical properties of dentures, thus requiring further investigation.
Assuntos
Candida albicans , Desenho Assistido por Computador , Bases de Dentadura , Higienizadores de Dentadura , Teste de Materiais , Impressão Tridimensional , Propriedades de Superfície , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Bases de Dentadura/microbiologia , Higienizadores de Dentadura/farmacologia , Dureza , Resistência à Flexão , Materiais Dentários/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Denture biofilm acts as a potential reservoir for respiratory pathogens, considerably increasing the risk of lung infections, specifically aspiration pneumonia, mainly 48h after hospital admission. The establishment of a straightforward, affordable, and applicable hygiene protocol in a hospital environment for the effective control of denture biofilm can be particularly useful to prevent respiratory infections or reduce the course of established lung disease. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the anti-biofilm effectiveness of denture cleaning protocols in hospitalized patients. METHODOLOGY: The maxillary complete dentures (MCDs) of 340 hospitalized participants were randomly cleaned once using one of the following 17 protocols (n=20): brushing with distilled water, toothpaste, or neutral liquid soap (controls); immersion in chemical solutions (1% sodium hypochlorite, alkaline peroxide, 0.12% or 2% chlorhexidine digluconate), or microwave irradiation (650 W for 3 min) combined or not with brushing. Before and after the application of the protocols, the biofilm of the intaglio surface of the MCDs was evaluated using two methods: denture biofilm coverage area (%) and microbiological quantitative cultures on blood agar and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (CFU/mL). Data were subjected to the Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests (α=0.05). RESULTS: All 17 protocols significantly reduced the percentage area of denture biofilm and microbial and fungal load (P<0.05). The highest percentage reductions in the area of denture biofilm were observed for 1% hypochlorite solution with or without brushing and for 2% chlorhexidine solution and microwave irradiation only in association with brushing (P<0.05). The greatest reductions in microbial and fungal load were found for the groups that used solutions of 2% chlorhexidine and 1% hypochlorite and microwave irradiation, regardless of the association with brushing (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A single immersion for 10 min in 1% sodium hypochlorite, even in the absence of brushing, proved to be a straightforward, rapid, low-cost, and effective protocol for cleaning the dentures of hospitalized patients.
Assuntos
Clorexidina , Hipoclorito de Sódio , Humanos , Ágar/farmacologia , Biofilmes , Clorexidina/farmacologia , Higienizadores de Dentadura/farmacologia , Prótese Total/microbiologia , Dentaduras/microbiologia , Ácido Hipocloroso/farmacologia , Hipoclorito de Sódio/farmacologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate denture cleansing solutions regarding the surface roughness and color stability of two resilient liners with distinct optical characteristics used for the maximum recommended period of use. METHODS: The specimens of each resilient liner, transparent and white, were randomly distributed into groups (n= 15) of a daily 20-minute immersion simulation of 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% sodium hypochlorite (SH) and 4% acetic acid solutions. Surface roughness (Ra) and color stability (ΔE CIELab formula and NBS systems) were measured after 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, 90, 180, and 270 days. The factors of variations analyzed were material, solutions, and time of immersion. Statistical analysis used three-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (Ra), and repeated measure ANOVA (ΔE and NBS systems), P< 0.05. RESULTS: For Ra analysis, the variations occurred regardless of time and solution, as the white liner showed the greatest changes (P< 0.001). Regarding interactions between solution and time, in the period of 21 days until 270 days, Ra was equivalent for all solutions (P= 0.001). ΔE analysis showed a difference between solutions (P= 0.000) and interaction between time and solution (P= 0.000). For the transparent liner, the greatest changes were found for 1% SH after 60 days, however, at 270 days there was a color change equivalence with 0.5% SH, while 4% acetic acid solution showed intermediate values. For the white liner, 1% SH showed the highest color changes for all evaluated times, and the other evaluated solutions were similar after 270 days. For both resilient liners, 0.25% SH showed the smallest changes for the evaluated properties. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The changes found were dependent on the concentration of the solution used, as well as the length of exposure to the solution. In addition, the white resilient liner showed to be less susceptible to color changes. For both resilient liners, 0.25% sodium hypochlorite showed the least changes for the evaluated properties.
Assuntos
Higienizadores de Dentadura , Reembasadores de Dentadura , Acetatos , Resinas Acrílicas , Bases de Dentadura , Higienizadores de Dentadura/farmacologia , Teste de Materiais , Hipoclorito de Sódio/farmacologia , Propriedades de SuperfícieRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of five alkaline peroxide-based effervescent tablets in reducing both biofilms and the food layer adhered on the cobalt-chromium surface. METHODS: Cobalt-chromium metal alloy specimens were contaminated with Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus. After biofilm maturation, the specimens were immersed in Polident 3 Minute, Polident for Partials, Efferdent, Steradent, Corega Tabs or distilled water (control). Residual biofilm rates were determined by colony forming units counts and biofilm biomass. In parallel, to investigate the denture cleaning capability of effervescent tablets, artificially contaminated removable partial dentures were treated with each cleanser. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn post hoc test or ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test (α= 0.05). RESULTS: None of the hygiene solutions reduced C. albicans biofilm. Efferdent and Corega Tabs promoted reduction of C. glabrata biofilm, while Steradent was favorable against S. aureus biofilm. For S. mutans, lower biofilm rates were observed after immersion in Polident for Partials and Steradent. The effervescent tablets showed good cleaning performance, removing an artificial layer with carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, however, they were not effective in removing aggregated mature biofilm. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The different effervescent tablets presented favorable antimicrobial activity against C. glabrata, S. mutans and S. aureus on cobalt-chromium surfaces and showed cleaning capability. However, for an appropriate biofilm control, a complementary method should be evaluated since none of the peroxide-based solutions reduced C. albicans biofilms or substantially removed aggregated biofilm.
Assuntos
Prótese Parcial Removível , Staphylococcus aureus , Candida albicans , Candida glabrata , Higiene , Higienizadores de Dentadura/farmacologia , Comprimidos/farmacologia , Peróxidos/farmacologia , BiofilmesRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of denture cleansers on the surface roughness, Candida albicans adhesion, and biofilm formation on denture base acrylic resins. STUDY SELECTION: Electronic databases and gray literature were searched using an individual search strategy. In vitro studies that evaluated the effects of immersion in denture cleansers on the surface roughness (µm) and antimicrobial activity (CFU/mL) on samples of heat-polymerized denture base acrylic resins were included. RESULTS: After screening, 17 studies were included, and a qualitative synthesis was performed. After assessing the risk of bias, only nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis results showed that the evaluated solutions (0.5% sodium hypochlorite, 1% sodium hypochlorite, alkaline peroxide, and natural substances) did not influence the roughness of the acrylic resin. However, in the qualitative analysis, it was not possible to confirm an association between roughness and C. albicans adhesion and biofilm formation on the acrylic resin samples. CONCLUSION: Denture cleansers did not affect the surface roughness of denture base acrylic resins.
Assuntos
Resinas Acrílicas , Candida albicans , Materiais Dentários , Higienizadores de Dentadura/farmacologia , Hipoclorito de Sódio/farmacologia , Propriedades de Superfície , Bases de Dentadura , BiofilmesRESUMO
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Cinnamaldehyde has been successfully used for the short-term disinfection of dentures; however, its long-term effects on the surface and color properties of denture base materials remain unknown. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of simulated immersion in cinnamaldehyde for up to 5 years on the surface roughness and color parameters of a heat-polymerized denture resin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty Ø10×5-mm disk-shaped specimens were prepared from microwave heat-polymerized polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and immersed in 4 solutions (n=20): TW-tap water (control), SH - 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, PX-alkaline peroxide, and CA-cinnamaldehyde (27 µg/mL). The immersion protocol simulated 104 cycles (3.5 months), 913 cycles (2.5 years), and 1825 immersion cycles (5 years) of a daily immersion cleaning protocol, with immersion times ranging from 10 to 20-minutes. Surface roughness (Sa) and the color parameters of CIELab (L∗ a∗ b∗, ΔEab), CIEDE2000 (ΔE00), and the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) were analyzed at baseline (t=0) and after the immersion cycles. The data were analyzed by 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures and the Tukey post hoc test (α=.01). RESULTS: Sa was significantly increased in all groups after 1825 cycles compared with baseline (P<.01), regardless of the solution. Only the time factor significantly affected ΔEab, ΔE00, and NBS parameters, which were below the perceptibility and acceptability thresholds. After a simulated 5-year immersion, the surface roughness and color values of CA-treated specimens were not statistically different from those of the other groups (P>.01). CONCLUSIONS: Cinnamaldehyde solution (27 µg/mL) produced minor effects on the surface roughness and color parameters of a heat-polymerized denture base resin similar to those of 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and alkaline peroxide after a 5-year simulated immersion.
Assuntos
Bases de Dentadura , Higienizadores de Dentadura , Acroleína/análogos & derivados , Resinas Acrílicas , Cor , Higienizadores de Dentadura/farmacologia , Higienizadores de Dentadura/uso terapêutico , Temperatura Alta , Imersão , Teste de Materiais , Peróxidos , Polimetil Metacrilato , Hipoclorito de Sódio/farmacologia , Propriedades de Superfície , ÁguaRESUMO
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Denture stomatitis affects complete denture wearers and is frequently treated with antifungals drugs, as well as treating the denture with sodium hypochlorite. Whether the limitations of these treatments can be overcome with local hygiene protocols that do not damage the denture materials or adversely affect the patient is unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effect of denture hygiene protocols on complete denture wearers with denture stomatitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For this randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial, 108 participants were assigned to parallel groups: 0.25% sodium hypochlorite (positive control) 0.15% Triclosan, denture cleaning tablets, or denture cleaning tablets plus gingival cleaning tablets. The participants were instructed to brush the dentures and the palate and immerse the denture in the solutions. The outcomes of denture stomatitis remission, biofilm removal, decrease of microbial load (colony-forming units), and odor level of the mouth and denture were measured at baseline and after 10 days. Descriptive analyses were used for sociodemographic characterization of the participants; the Pearson chi-square test was used to compare participant frequency with different degrees of denture stomatitis. The data were not normally distributed (Shapiro-Wilks test) or homogeneous (Levene test). So, the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn post hoc tests and Wilcoxon test were used to compare the effects of solutions and time on the variables (α=.05). RESULTS: The frequency of the highest to lowest denture stomatitis scores was significantly different for the 0.15% Triclosan and denture cleaning tablets groups. No significant difference was found among the groups in terms of denture stomatitis scores, biofilm, or colony-forming unit count of Candida spp. or C. albicans and S. mutans; a significant reduction was found in these parameters. The 0.25% sodium hypochlorite and 0.15% Triclosan treatments caused a significant reduction in Gram-negative microorganisms; these 2 protocols, and the denture cleaning tablets showed a significant reduction in Staphylococcus spp.; all protocols had similar effects. Only the S. mutans count of the palate decreased after 10 days. The odor level of the mouth and the denture was not significantly different (P=.778). CONCLUSIONS: The evaluated protocols can be recommended for the hygiene of complete dentures, since they were effective for all the variables studied.
Assuntos
Estomatite sob Prótese , Triclosan , Humanos , Higienizadores de Dentadura/uso terapêutico , Higienizadores de Dentadura/farmacologia , Estomatite sob Prótese/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoclorito de Sódio/uso terapêutico , Hipoclorito de Sódio/farmacologia , Odorantes , Triclosan/uso terapêutico , Triclosan/farmacologia , Biofilmes , Candida albicans , Higiene , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Appropriated denture hygiene is a predictive factor for longevity of rehabilitation treatment and maintenance of the oral mucosal health. Although, disinfectant solutions are commonly used as denture cleansers, the impact of these solutions on acrylic resin-based dentures remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in vitro, the antibiofilm activity of complete denture hygiene solutions and their effects on physical and mechanical properties of acrylic resin. METHODOLOGY: For antibiofilm activity measurement acrylic resin specimens were contaminated with Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Streptococcus mutans. After biofilm growth, the specimens were assigned to the hygiene solutions: Distilled water (Control); 0.2% Sodium hypochlorite (SH); Efferdent Power Clean Crystals (EPC) and 6.25% Ricinus communis (RC). The viability of microorganisms was evaluated by agar plate counts. In parallel, physical, and mechanical properties of the acrylic resin were evaluated after simulating a 5-year period of daily immersion in the previously mentioned solutions. The changes in surface roughness, color, microhardness, flexural strength, impact strength, sorption and solubility were evaluated. Data were compared by ANOVA followed by the Tukey test or Kruskal-Wallis followed by the Dunn test depending on the distribution (α=0.05). RESULTS: Regarding antibiofilm action, SH eliminated all microorganisms while EPC and RC exhibited moderate action against S. mutans (p=0.001) and C. glabrata (p<0.001), respectively. Relative to effects on the physical and mechanical properties of the acrylic resin, RC led to higher values of color change (p=0.030), hardness (p<0.001), surface roughness (p=0.006) and flexural strength (p<0.001). Moreover, RC induced the highest values of changes in solubility (p<0.001). EPC promoted greater changes in surface morphology, whereas immersion in SH retained the initial appearance of the acrylic resin surface. All hygiene solutions reduced the impact strength (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: SH presented the most effective antibiofilm activity. In addition, changes on properties were observed after immersion in RC, which were considered within acceptable limits.
Assuntos
Resinas Acrílicas , Higienizadores de Dentadura , Biofilmes , Bases de Dentadura , Higienizadores de Dentadura/farmacologia , Prótese Total , Higiene , Teste de Materiais , Propriedades de SuperfícieRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate the impact of peroxide-based solutions in reducing viability and metabolic activity of multispecies biofilms on denture base acrylic resin surfaces and for removing them from these surfaces. BACKGROUND: Denture cleansers are effective in reducing monospecies biofilm; however, studies evaluating their action on multispecies biofilms are scarce. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-nine denture base acrylic resin specimens (Ø 15 × 3 mm) were sterilised then contaminated with Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to form multispecies biofilms. Biofilms were grown for 24 hours; subsequently, specimens were immersed in three different cleansing solutions (n = 9): nitradine (NI), fixodent (FX) and phosphate-buffered saline (Control), according to the respective manufacturer's instructions. After applying the hygiene protocols, viability of microorganisms was evaluated by counting colony-forming units and assessing metabolic activity. Moreover, biofilm removal capacity was estimated based on extension of cell-covered areas visualised in fluorescent microscopy micrographics. RESULTS: Microbial counts were solution-dependent; NI was effective against all microorganisms (P < .05). FX exhibited moderate antimicrobial action, reducing P aeruginosa (P < .05) and S aureus (P < .05) viability by approximately 2 logs. Both peroxide-based solutions reduced metabolic activity (P < .001) and biofilm-covered areas on specimen surfaces (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Under the experimental conditions tested, these results demonstrated that peroxide-based solutions had favourable antimicrobial activity but promoted no broad elimination of aggregated multispecies biofilm. NI might be more suitable as complementary chemical agent for controlling multispecies denture biofilm.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Higienizadores de Dentadura , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Biofilmes , Candida albicans , Bases de Dentadura , Higienizadores de Dentadura/farmacologia , Dentaduras , Humanos , ComprimidosRESUMO
Abstract Appropriated denture hygiene is a predictive factor for longevity of rehabilitation treatment and maintenance of the oral mucosal health. Although, disinfectant solutions are commonly used as denture cleansers, the impact of these solutions on acrylic resin-based dentures remain unclear. Objective To evaluate, in vitro, the antibiofilm activity of complete denture hygiene solutions and their effects on physical and mechanical properties of acrylic resin. Methodology For antibiofilm activity measurement acrylic resin specimens were contaminated with Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Streptococcus mutans. After biofilm growth, the specimens were assigned to the hygiene solutions: Distilled water (Control); 0.2% Sodium hypochlorite (SH); Efferdent Power Clean Crystals (EPC) and 6.25% Ricinus communis (RC). The viability of microorganisms was evaluated by agar plate counts. In parallel, physical, and mechanical properties of the acrylic resin were evaluated after simulating a 5-year period of daily immersion in the previously mentioned solutions. The changes in surface roughness, color, microhardness, flexural strength, impact strength, sorption and solubility were evaluated. Data were compared by ANOVA followed by the Tukey test or Kruskal-Wallis followed by the Dunn test depending on the distribution (α=0.05). Results Regarding antibiofilm action, SH eliminated all microorganisms while EPC and RC exhibited moderate action against S. mutans (p=0.001) and C. glabrata (p<0.001), respectively. Relative to effects on the physical and mechanical properties of the acrylic resin, RC led to higher values of color change (p=0.030), hardness (p<0.001), surface roughness (p=0.006) and flexural strength (p<0.001). Moreover, RC induced the highest values of changes in solubility (p<0.001). EPC promoted greater changes in surface morphology, whereas immersion in SH retained the initial appearance of the acrylic resin surface. All hygiene solutions reduced the impact strength (p<0.05). Conclusion SH presented the most effective antibiofilm activity. In addition, changes on properties were observed after immersion in RC, which were considered within acceptable limits.