RESUMO
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a serious concern for the Mexican population since the main predisposing diseases (diabetes, hypertension, etc.) have a high prevalence in the country. The development of frequent comorbidities during CKD such as anemia, metabolic disorders, and hyperphosphatemia increases the costs, symptoms, and death risks of the patients. Hyperphosphatemia is likely the only CKD comorbidity in which pharmaceutical options are restricted to phosphate binders and where nutritional management seems to play an important role for the improvement of biochemical and clinical parameters. Nutritional interventions aiming to control serum phosphate levels need to be based on food tables, which should be specifically elaborated for the cultural context of each population. Until now, there are no available food charts compiling a high amount of Mexican foods and describing phosphorus content as well as the phosphate to protein ratio for nutritional management of hyperphosphatemia in CKD. In this work, we elaborate a highly complete food chart as a reference for Mexican clinicians and include charts of additives and drug phosphate contents to consider extra sources of inorganic phosphate intake. We aim to provide an easy guideline to contribute to the implementation of more nutritional interventions focusing on this population in the country.
Assuntos
Hiperfosfatemia/dietoterapia , Política Nutricional , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Dieta , Aditivos Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Hiperfosfatemia/etiologia , México , Fósforo na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Fósforo na Dieta/farmacocinética , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/dietoterapia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Abstract Introduction: Hyperphosphatemia is a serious consequence of chronic kidney disease and has been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Controlling serum phosphorus levels in patients on dialysis is a challenge for the clinicians and implies, in most cases, the use of phosphate binders (PB). Part of the reason for this challenge is poor adherence to treatment because of the high pill burden in this patient group. Objective: To assess the real-world effectiveness of sucroferric oxyhydroxide (SO) in controlling serum phosphorus levels and determine the associated pill burden. Methods: A multicenter, quantitative, retrospective, before-after study was conducted with patients receiving online hemodiafiltration. Patients who switched to SO as a part of routine care were included in the study. PB treatment, number of pills, serum phosphorus levels, and intravenous iron medication and dosage were collected monthly during the six months of treatment with either PB or SO. Results: A total of 42 patients were included in the study. After switching from a PB to SO, the prescribed pills/day was reduced 67% from 6 pills/day to 2 pills/day (p < 0.001) and the frequency of pill intake was lowered from 3 times/day to 2 times/day (p < 0.001). During the treatment with SO, the proportion of patients with serum phosphorus ≤ 5.5 mg/dL increased from 33.3% at baseline to 45% after six months of treatment. Conclusion: During the six-month follow-up with SO, serum phosphorus levels were controlled with one third of the pills/day compared to other PB.
Resumo Introdução: A hiperfosfatemia é uma grave consequência da doença renal crônica associada a risco aumentado de doença cardiovascular. O controle dos níveis séricos de fósforo dos pacientes em diálise é um desafio que requer, na maioria dos casos, o uso de quelantes de fosfato (QF). Parte da dificuldade se deve à baixa adesão ao tratamento oriunda do grande número de medicamentos receitados para esse grupo de pacientes. Objetivo: Avaliar a real eficácia do oxihidróxido sucroférrico (OHS) no controle dos níveis séricos de fósforo e determinar a carga de comprimidos associada. Métodos: Estudo multicêntrico, quantitativo, retrospectivo, antes e depois conduzido com pacientes em hemodiafiltração on-line. Pacientes remanejados para OHS como parte dos cuidados de rotina foram incluídos no estudo. Tratamento com QF, número de comprimidos, níveis séricos de fósforo, reposição férrica endovenosa e dosagens foram registrados mensalmente durante seis meses de tratamento com QF ou OHS. Resultados: Foram incluídos 42 pacientes no estudo. Após a mudança de QF para OHS, o número de comprimidos prescritos por dia caiu em 67%, de seis para duas unidades diárias (p < 0,001). A frequência de ingestão de comprimidos caiu de três para duas vezes ao dia (p < 0,001). Durante o tratamento com OHS, o percentual de pacientes com fósforo sérico ≤ 5,5 mg/dL aumentou de 33,3% no início para 45% após seis meses de tratamento. Conclusão: Durante os seis meses de seguimento com OHS, os níveis séricos de fósforo foram controlados com um terço dos comprimidos por dia em relação aos tratamentos com outros QF.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Sacarose/uso terapêutico , Compostos Férricos/uso terapêutico , Hemodiafiltração , Hiperfosfatemia/tratamento farmacológico , Fósforo/sangue , Estudos Retrospectivos , Seguimentos , Resultado do Tratamento , Combinação de Medicamentos , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Hiperfosfatemia/etiologia , Adesão à Medicação , Sevelamer/efeitos adversos , Sevelamer/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Hyperphosphatemia is a serious consequence of chronic kidney disease and has been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Controlling serum phosphorus levels in patients on dialysis is a challenge for the clinicians and implies, in most cases, the use of phosphate binders (PB). Part of the reason for this challenge is poor adherence to treatment because of the high pill burden in this patient group. OBJECTIVE: To assess the real-world effectiveness of sucroferric oxyhydroxide (SO) in controlling serum phosphorus levels and determine the associated pill burden. METHODS: A multicenter, quantitative, retrospective, before-after study was conducted with patients receiving online hemodiafiltration. Patients who switched to SO as a part of routine care were included in the study. PB treatment, number of pills, serum phosphorus levels, and intravenous iron medication and dosage were collected monthly during the six months of treatment with either PB or SO. RESULTS: A total of 42 patients were included in the study. After switching from a PB to SO, the prescribed pills/day was reduced 67% from 6 pills/day to 2 pills/day (p < 0.001) and the frequency of pill intake was lowered from 3 times/day to 2 times/day (p < 0.001). During the treatment with SO, the proportion of patients with serum phosphorus ≤ 5.5 mg/dL increased from 33.3% at baseline to 45% after six months of treatment. CONCLUSION: During the six-month follow-up with SO, serum phosphorus levels were controlled with one third of the pills/day compared to other PB.
Assuntos
Compostos Férricos/uso terapêutico , Hemodiafiltração , Hiperfosfatemia/tratamento farmacológico , Sacarose/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Combinação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Hiperfosfatemia/etiologia , Masculino , Adesão à Medicação , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fósforo/sangue , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sevelamer/efeitos adversos , Sevelamer/uso terapêutico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Abstract Introduction: In stage 5D chronic kidney disease (CKD 5D) patients, the encouragement of treatment adherence by health professionals is a significant clinical challenge. Objectives: This study evaluates the impact of a nutritional education programme on hyperphosphatemia, utilizing the transtheoretical model of behavior change (TMBC). Subjects and Methods: A prospective interventional study comprising 179 CKD 5D patients with hypophosphatemia. The 4-month educational programme took place during dialysis sessions. Demographic and laboratory data were evaluated, whilst the TMBC was utilized both pre- and post-intervention. Results: 132 patients showed a positive change and significant reduction in phosphate levels, whilst 47 patients showed a negative change and little reduction in phosphate levels. Positive changes were identified at different levels of literacy. 117/179 participants had ongoing treatment with sevelamer throughout the trial period. 61 patients with intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) < 300pg/ml showed phosphate level reductions, whilst 118 patients with iPTH > 300 pg/ml also showed a decrease in phosphate levels. Conclusions: Nutritional education programmes can achieve excellent results when appropriately applied. An education programme may be effective across different literacy levels.
Resumo Introdução: nos pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica no estágio 5D (DRC 5D), o incentivo à adesão ao tratamento pelos profissionais de saúde é um desafio clínico significativo. Objetivos: Este estudo avalia o impacto de um programa de educação nutricional em hiperfosfatemia, utilizando o modelo transteórico de mudança de comportamento (TMBC). Casuística e métodos: estudo prospectivo de intervenção que incluiu 179 pacientes com DRC 5D com hipofosfatemia. O programa educacional de 4 meses ocorreu durante as sessões de diálise. Os dados demográficos e laboratoriais foram avaliados, enquanto o TMBC foi utilizado tanto antes, quanto após a intervenção. Resultados: 132 pacientes apresentaram variação positiva e redução significativa nos níveis de fosfato, enquanto 47 pacientes apresentaram variação negativa e pouca redução nos níveis de fosfato. Mudanças positivas foram identificadas em diferentes níveis de alfabetização. 117/179 participantes foram submetidos a tratamento contínuo com sevelamer ao longo do estudo. Tivemos 61 pacientes com hormônio paratireoidiano intacto (iPTH) < 300 pg/ml que apresentaram redução do nível de fosfato, enquanto 118 pacientes com iPTH > 300 pg/ml também mostraram uma diminuição nos níveis de fosfato. Conclusões: os programas de educação nutricional podem produzir excelentes resultados quando adequadamente empregados. Um programa de educação pode ser efetivo em diferentes níveis de alfabetização.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fósforo/sangue , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Diálise Renal , Hiperfosfatemia/prevenção & controle , Falência Renal Crônica/sangue , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Estudos Prospectivos , Hiperfosfatemia/etiologia , Falência Renal Crônica/complicaçõesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE:: to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational nursing intervention to reduce hyperphosphataemia in chronic renal patients on hemodialysis. METHOD:: quasi-experimental study with 63 hyperphosphatemic patients on hemodialysis. The intervention consisted of developing and providing a printed and illustrated manual to patients containing information on disease control. The participant was asked to complete a daily checklist with the aim to reinforce aspects provided in the manual. Laboratory tests and itching intensity were analyzed at the beginning of the study, and at 30 and 60 days after the educational intervention. RESULTS:: the mean age of participants was 58±13.1 years, with a treatment time of 51.1±44.7 months. A reduction in serum phosphorus values of 7.06 ± 1.43 to 5.80 ± 1.53 (p <0.001) and the intensity of itching after the intervention was observed. CONCLUSION:: the educational nursing intervention was effective in reducing phosphate and decreasing itching in hyperphosphatemic patients.
Assuntos
Hiperfosfatemia/prevenção & controle , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Ensino/normas , Idoso , Educação Continuada em Enfermagem/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Hiperfosfatemia/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Diálise Renal/enfermagem , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapiaRESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a efetividade de uma intervenção educacional de enfermagem para redução da hiperfosfatemia em pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise. Método: estudo quase experimental realizado com 63 pacientes hiperfosfatêmicos em hemodiálise. A intervenção se constituiu em orientar e disponibilizar um manual impresso e ilustrado aos pacientes, contendo informações sobre o controle da doença. Foi solicitado o preenchimento de um checklist diário, com finalidade recordatória dos aspectos abordados no manual. Os exames laboratoriais e a intensidade do prurido foram analisados no início do estudo, aos 30 e 60 dias após a intervenção educacional. Resultados: a média de idade dos participantes foi 58±13,1 anos e tempo de tratamento de 51,1±44,7 meses. Houve redução dos valores séricos do fósforo de 7,06±1,43 para 5,80±1,53 (p<0,001) e da intensidade do prurido após a intervenção. Conclusão: a Intervenção Educacional de Enfermagem foi efetiva para redução do fosfato e diminuição do prurido nos pacientes hiperfosfatêmicos.
RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia de una intervención educativa de enfermería para reducir hiperfosfatemia en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica en hemodiálisis. Método: estudio cuasi-experimental con 63 pacientes en hemodiálisis con hiperfosfatemia. La intervención consistió en guiar los pacientes y proporcionar un manual impreso e ilustrado con informaciones sobre el control de la enfermedad. Se solicitó completar una lista de verificación todos los días con el propósito de recordar los aspectos tratados en el manual. Se analizaron las pruebas de laboratorio y la intensidad del picor al inicio del estudio, 30 y 60 días después de la intervención educativa. Resultados: la edad promedio de los participantes fue 58±13,1 años y el tiempo de tratamiento fue 51,1±44,7 meses. Hubo reducción de los valores séricos de fósforo de 7,06±1,43 para 5,80±1,53 (p<0,001) y de la intensidad del picor después de la intervención. Conclusión: la intervención educativa de enfermería fue eficaz en la reducción de fosfato y disminución del picor en pacientes con hiperfosfatemia.
ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational nursing intervention to reduce hyperphosphataemia in chronic renal patients on hemodialysis. Method: quasi-experimental study with 63 hyperphosphatemic patients on hemodialysis. The intervention consisted of developing and providing a printed and illustrated manual to patients containing information on disease control. The participant was asked to complete a daily checklist with the aim to reinforce aspects provided in the manual. Laboratory tests and itching intensity were analyzed at the beginning of the study, and at 30 and 60 days after the educational intervention. Results: the mean age of participants was 58±13.1 years, with a treatment time of 51.1±44.7 months. A reduction in serum phosphorus values of 7.06 ± 1.43 to 5.80 ± 1.53 (p <0.001) and the intensity of itching after the intervention was observed. Conclusion: the educational nursing intervention was effective in reducing phosphate and decreasing itching in hyperphosphatemic patients.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Ensino/normas , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Hiperfosfatemia/prevenção & controle , Diálise Renal/normas , Educação Continuada em Enfermagem/métodos , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapia , Hiperfosfatemia/etiologia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In stage 5D chronic kidney disease (CKD 5D) patients, the encouragement of treatment adherence by health professionals is a significant clinical challenge. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluates the impact of a nutritional education programme on hyperphosphatemia, utilizing the transtheoretical model of behavior change (TMBC). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A prospective interventional study comprising 179 CKD 5D patients with hypophosphatemia. The 4-month educational programme took place during dialysis sessions. Demographic and laboratory data were evaluated, whilst the TMBC was utilized both pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS: 132 patients showed a positive change and significant reduction in phosphate levels, whilst 47 patients showed a negative change and little reduction in phosphate levels. Positive changes were identified at different levels of literacy. 117/179 participants had ongoing treatment with sevelamer throughout the trial period. 61 patients with intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) < 300pg/ml showed phosphate level reductions, whilst 118 patients with iPTH > 300 pg/ml also showed a decrease in phosphate levels. CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional education programmes can achieve excellent results when appropriately applied. An education programme may be effective across different literacy levels.