RESUMO
The present study evaluated Brangus cows treated with single doses of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) subjected to follicular aspiration after 24 h to assess oocyte recovery, in vitro fertilization and pregnancy rate. Follicles exceeding 3 millimeters in diameter were aspirated, 200 mg of FSH was administered 2 days later, and a new ovum pickup was performed 24 h afterward. These methods were performed 3 times every 3 days. In control, follicular aspirations occurred at intervals of 1-week without FSH administration o. The aspirated oocytes were evaluated, submitted to in v itrofertilization and the embryos were transferred to the recipients. The average recovery of oocytes was higher (p<0.05) in control cows (12.4±1.8) than in treated cows (9.4±1.3). There was no difference (p>0.05) in the mean percentage of viable oocytes (52.0±3.9 and 62.7±4.7%) or the mean percentage of embryos (41.4±4.8 and 41.5±4.2%) among control and treated cows, respectively. The mean percentage of pregnancy did not differ (p>0.05) for control cows (43.8±2.7%), and treated cows (40.9±6.8%). In conclusion, FSH treatment did not improve oocyte recovery, in vitro fertilization, and pregnancy percentage. However, there is possibility of several consecutive ovum pickup every t3 days, concentrating the in vitro fertilization and the pregnancy percentage.
O presente estudo avaliou vacas Brangus tratadas com doses únicas de hormônio folículo estimulante (FSH) submetidas a aspiração folicular após vinte e quatro horas, para avaliação da recuperação oocitária, fertilização in vitro e taxa de prenhez. Folículos superiores a três milímetros de diâmetro foram aspirados, 200 mg de FSH foram administrados dois dias depois e uma nova aspiração folicular foi realizada 24 horas após. Esses métodos foram efetivados três vezes a cada três dias. No controle, as aspirações foliculares ocorreram em intervalos de uma semana sem administração de FSH. Os oócitos aspirados foram avaliados, submetidos à fertilização in vitro e os embriões foram transferidos em receptoras. A recuperação média dos oócitos foi superior (p<0,05) nas vacas controle (12,4±1,8) do que nas vacas tratadas (9,4±1,3). Não houve diferença (p>0,05) na porcentagem média de oócitos viáveis (52,0±3,9 e 62,7±4,7%) ou na porcentagem média de embriões (41,4±4,8 e 41,5±4,2%) entre vacas controle e vacas tratadas, respectivamente. A porcentagem média de prenhez não diferiu (p>0,05) para as vacas controle (43,8±2,7%) e as tratadas (40,9±6,8%). Em conclusão, o tratamento com FSH não melhorou a recuperação de oócitos, a fertilização in vitro e o percentual de prenhez. No entanto, existe a possibilidade de várias aspirações foliculares consecutivas a cada três dias, concentrando a fertilização in vitro e o percentual de prenhez.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Prenhez/imunologia , Bovinos/metabolismo , Fertilização in vitro/estatística & dados numéricos , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Introducción: el síndrome de ovarios poliquísticos es el trastorno endocrino más frecuente en la mujer en edad reproductiva. Se caracteriza por trastornos menstruales, hiperandrogenismo y ovarios poliquísticos por ultrasonido, y afecta la fertilidad y el metabolismo femeninos. Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de aparición de los criterios diagnósticos de síndrome de ovarios poliquísticos en mujeres con sospecha de esta afección, y la posible correspondencia entre el diagnóstico clínico, hormonal y ecográfico. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo correlacional en 140 mujeres. Se les practicó interrogatorio y examen físico, ultrasonido diagnóstico y estudio de las hormonas folículo estimulante, luteinizante y testosterona. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron tablas de frecuencia y la prueba de chi cuadrado (p< 0,05). Resultados: la edad media fue 26,3 años. De 96 mujeres (68,5 por ciento) con alteraciones del ciclo menstrual, 76 (79,2 por ciento) refirieron oligomenorrea. Hubo sobrepeso en 64 pacientes (45,7 por ciento). La testosterona elevada fue la alteración hormonal predominante (52,7 por ciento). El 84,3 por ciento presentó volumen ovárico ≥ 10 cc. Hubo asociación significativa entre las alteraciones menstruales y la presencia de ovarios poliquísticos (p= 0,000), hirsutismo (p= 0,001) y acné (p= 0,000), pero no ocurrió así con las variables hormonales. Hubo coincidencia entre el diagnóstico ecográfico y la testosterona elevada en el 46,2 por ciento de las pacientes. Conclusiones: Existe asociación entre las variables clínicas y el diagnóstico de síndrome de ovarios poliquísticos, pero no así entre los criterios diagnósticos ecográficos y hormonales, ni entre las alteraciones hormonales y el diagnóstico clínico y ecográfico del síndrome de ovarios poliquísticos, en estas pacientes(AU)
Introduction: polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrine disorder in a woman at reproductive age. It is characterized by menstrual disorders, hyperandrogenism and CT-detected polycystic ovaries and it has an effect on fertility and metabolism. Objective: to determine the frequency of occurrence of diagnostic criteria of polycystic ovary syndrome in women suspected of suffering this disease, and the possible correspondence among the clinical, hormonal and echographic diagnoses. Methods: a correlational descriptive study was conducted in 140 women. They were questioned and physically examined in addition to performing diagnostic ultrasound and study of the follicle-stimulating hormone, the luteinizing hormone and testosterone. For the statistical analysis, the frequency tables and the Chi-square test (p< 0.05) were used. Results: the average age was 26.3 years. Of 96 women (68.5 percent) with menstrual disorders, 76 (79.2 percent) said they had oligomenorrhea. Sixty four were overweighed (45.7 percent). Elevated testosterone was the predominant hormonal alteration (52.7 percent). In the group, the ovary volume was equal to or higher than 10 cc in 84.3 percent of the group. Significant association was observed between the menstrual disorders and the presence of polycystic ovaries (p= 0.000), hirsutism (p= 0.001) and acne (p= 0.000), but this did not occur with the hormonal variables. The echographic diagnosis and the elevated testosterone showed correspondence in 46.2 percent of patients. Conclusions: there is association between the clinical variables and the diagnoses of polycystic ovary syndrome, but neither the echographic and hormonal diagnostic criteria, nor the hormonal alterations and the clinical and echographic diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome were related(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Diagnóstico Clínico/estatística & dados numéricos , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/efeitos adversos , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/diagnóstico , Ultrassonografia/estatística & dados numéricos , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Interpretação Estatística de DadosRESUMO
This study evaluated the effect of different concentrations of bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4), as well as the interaction of BMP-4 and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) on growth, ultrastructural integrity, and expression of mRNA for growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9), BMP-15, maternal antigen that the embryo requires (Mater) and nucleoplasmin-2 (Npm-2) in bovine secondary follicles cultured in vitro for 18 days. Follicles cultured in the presence of 50 ng/ml BMP-4 had a progressive increase in their diameters with the increase of culture period from 0 to 6 and 12 days, but no significant differences were observed among treatments. The presence of both FSH and BMP-4 in a culture medium did not stimulate follicle growth when compared to the control medium. After 12 days, the percentage of normal follicles was maintained similar to that of day 0 in the medium supplemented with both FSH and BMP-4, but no significant differences among treatments were observed after 18 days of culture. BMP-4 maintained the ultrastructural integrity of follicles after 18 days of culture, while follicles cultured in medium supplemented with FSH or both BMP-4 and FSH had oocyte with irregular zona pellucida, vesicular bodies, and an abundance of vacuoles. Follicles cultured in the presence of BMP-4 had an increase in the levels of BMP-15 mRNA, when compared to those cultured in medium supplemented with FSH alone. In conclusion, the addition of BMP-4 in culture medium contributes to preserve follicular ultrastructure, but BMP-4 did not interact positively with FSH. Regarding secondary follicles cultured in the presence of FSH, BMP-4 increases the expression of mRNA for BMP-15.
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Bovinos , Bovinos/anatomia & histologia , Bovinos/fisiologia , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/análogos & derivados , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/efeitos adversos , /administração & dosagem , /efeitos adversos , Oócitos/enzimologia , RNA Mensageiro/análise , RNA Mensageiro/químicaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 22R-hydroxycholesterol (22R-HC), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) on estradiol and progesterone production by cat granulosa cells. Granulosa cells from follicles were collected and cultured for up to 5 days in 24 well plates containing Dulbeccos Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM)/HAM F-12 supplemented with 10-7 M androstenedione, 0.1% ITS premix and 0.1% bovine serum albumin, in the presence or absence of 22R-HC (10 μg/ml), FSH or LH (10, 100 ng/ml each) on first and third day. Additionally, 5% fetal calf serum was added into the culture medium for the first 24 h. Treatment of cells with 22R-HC resulted in an increase (P < 0.05) in progesterone and estradiol production on days 3 and 5 of the culture. Incubation of cells with FSH (10 and 100 ng/ml) resulted in significant stimulations of progesterone (P < 0.001) whilst incubation had no effect on estradiol production. None of the LH doses (10 and 100 ng/ml) had any effect on progesterone production by granulosa cells during the culture time. With the inclusion of 22R-HC into the culture system, progesterone synthesis was enhanced (P < 0.001) in the presence of all FSH doses.
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Gatos , Colesterol/efeitos adversos , Gatos/fisiologia , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/efeitos adversos , Hormônio Luteinizante/efeitos adversos , Células da Granulosa , Fator Esteroidogênico 1RESUMO
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 22R-hydroxycholesterol (22R-HC), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) on estradiol and progesterone production by cat granulosa cells. Granulosa cells from follicles were collected and cultured for up to 5 days in 24 well plates containing Dulbeccos Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM)/HAM F-12 supplemented with 10-7 M androstenedione, 0.1% ITS premix and 0.1% bovine serum albumin, in the presence or absence of 22R-HC (10 μg/ml), FSH or LH (10, 100 ng/ml each) on first and third day. Additionally, 5% fetal calf serum was added into the culture medium for the first 24 h. Treatment of cells with 22R-HC resulted in an increase (P < 0.05) in progesterone and estradiol production on days 3 and 5 of the culture. Incubation of cells with FSH (10 and 100 ng/ml) resulted in significant stimulations of progesterone (P < 0.001) whilst incubation had no effect on estradiol production. None of the LH doses (10 and 100 ng/ml) had any effect on progesterone production by granulosa cells during the culture time. With the inclusion of 22R-HC into the culture system, progesterone synthesis was enhanced (P < 0.001) in the presence of all FSH doses.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Gatos , Gatos/fisiologia , Colesterol/efeitos adversos , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/efeitos adversos , Hormônio Luteinizante/efeitos adversos , Fator Esteroidogênico 1 , Células da GranulosaRESUMO
This study evaluated the effect of different concentrations of bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4), as well as the interaction of BMP-4 and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) on growth, ultrastructural integrity, and expression of mRNA for growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9), BMP-15, maternal antigen that the embryo requires (Mater) and nucleoplasmin-2 (Npm-2) in bovine secondary follicles cultured in vitro for 18 days. Follicles cultured in the presence of 50 ng/ml BMP-4 had a progressive increase in their diameters with the increase of culture period from 0 to 6 and 12 days, but no significant differences were observed among treatments. The presence of both FSH and BMP-4 in a culture medium did not stimulate follicle growth when compared to the control medium. After 12 days, the percentage of normal follicles was maintained similar to that of day 0 in the medium supplemented with both FSH and BMP-4, but no significant differences among treatments were observed after 18 days of culture. BMP-4 maintained the ultrastructural integrity of follicles after 18 days of culture, while follicles cultured in medium supplemented with FSH or both BMP-4 and FSH had oocyte with irregular zona pellucida, vesicular bodies, and an abundance of vacuoles. Follicles cultured in the presence of BMP-4 had an increase in the levels of BMP-15 mRNA, when compared to those cultured in medium supplemented with FSH alone. In conclusion, the addition of BMP-4 in culture medium contributes to preserve follicular ultrastructure, but BMP-4 did not interact positively with FSH. Regarding secondary follicles cultured in the presence of FSH, BMP-4 increases the expression of mRNA for BMP-15.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Bovinos/anatomia & histologia , Bovinos/fisiologia , Proteína Morfogenética Óssea 4/administração & dosagem , Proteína Morfogenética Óssea 4/efeitos adversos , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/análogos & derivados , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/efeitos adversos , Oócitos/enzimologia , RNA Mensageiro/análise , RNA Mensageiro/químicaRESUMO
Synthesis and secretion of LH and FSH takes place in the gonadotropes of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis). The hypothalamus, in turn, controls the secretion of gonadotropins by the pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone. Therefore, the neuroendocrine linkage of the hypothalamic-pituitarygonadal axis provides an integrated system responsible for proper reproductive performance, including gamete development and sex steroids secretion. In broilers there is a lack of synchrony between LH and FSH pulses, and gonadotrophs reside in separate cells within the pituitary gland, suggesting that in the adult male fowl LH and FSH secretion are regulated independently. Modern male broiler breeders (selected for increased growth rate) fail to maintain testis size and semen production after 25 weeks of age. Testis size closely follows changes in FSH concentrations, suggesting that circulating FSH levels are a very good indicator of testis function in mature broiler breeder. Although cGnRH-I is believed to be the prime regulator of gonadotropin release in male birds, the role of other GnRH isoforms in the regulation of FSH remains unclear. Therefore, there is critical need to further evaluate the actual regulation of FSH, and the underlying effect FSH on testicular function in mature broilers.
A síntese e secreção de LH e FSH acontece nos gonadotropos da glândula pituitária (adenohipófise). O hipotálamo, por sua vez, controla a secreção de gonadotropinas pela secreção pulsátil do hormônio liberador de gonadotropina. Portanto, a ligação neuroendócrina do eixo hipotálamo-pituitária-gonodal fornece um sistema integrado responsável pelo desempenho reprodutor correto, incluindo desenvolvimento de gametas e secreção de esteroides sexuais. Em frangos há uma falta de sincronia entre pulsos LH e FSH, e gonadotropos residem em células separadas na glândula pituitária, sugerindo que a secreção de LH e FSH do macho adulto é regulada de forma independente. Reprodutores modernos de frango macho (selecionados para taxa de crescimento aumentada) falham na manutenção do tamanho dos testículos e produção de sêmen após 25 semanas de idade. Apesar de que se acredita que o cGnRH-I é o regulador primário da liberação de gonadotropina em pássaros macho, a função de outras isoformas de GnRH na regulação de FSH não é clara. Portanto, há uma necessidade crítica de se avaliar melhor a real regulação de FSH, e o efeito basal do FSH na função testicular em frangos maduros.
Assuntos
Animais , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/administração & dosagem , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/análise , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/efeitos adversos , Galinhas/metabolismo , Hormônio Luteinizante , Taxa Secretória/fisiologiaRESUMO
Synthesis and secretion of LH and FSH takes place in the gonadotropes of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis). The hypothalamus, in turn, controls the secretion of gonadotropins by the pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone. Therefore, the neuroendocrine linkage of the hypothalamic-pituitarygonadal axis provides an integrated system responsible for proper reproductive performance, including gamete development and sex steroids secretion. In broilers there is a lack of synchrony between LH and FSH pulses, and gonadotrophs reside in separate cells within the pituitary gland, suggesting that in the adult male fowl LH and FSH secretion are regulated independently. Modern male broiler breeders (selected for increased growth rate) fail to maintain testis size and semen production after 25 weeks of age. Testis size closely follows changes in FSH concentrations, suggesting that circulating FSH levels are a very good indicator of testis function in mature broiler breeder. Although cGnRH-I is believed to be the prime regulator of gonadotropin release in male birds, the role of other GnRH isoforms in the regulation of FSH remains unclear. Therefore, there is critical need to further evaluate the actual regulation of FSH, and the underlying effect FSH on testicular function in mature broilers.(AU)
A síntese e secreção de LH e FSH acontece nos gonadotropos da glândula pituitária (adenohipófise). O hipotálamo, por sua vez, controla a secreção de gonadotropinas pela secreção pulsátil do hormônio liberador de gonadotropina. Portanto, a ligação neuroendócrina do eixo hipotálamo-pituitária-gonodal fornece um sistema integrado responsável pelo desempenho reprodutor correto, incluindo desenvolvimento de gametas e secreção de esteroides sexuais. Em frangos há uma falta de sincronia entre pulsos LH e FSH, e gonadotropos residem em células separadas na glândula pituitária, sugerindo que a secreção de LH e FSH do macho adulto é regulada de forma independente. Reprodutores modernos de frango macho (selecionados para taxa de crescimento aumentada) falham na manutenção do tamanho dos testículos e produção de sêmen após 25 semanas de idade. Apesar de que se acredita que o cGnRH-I é o regulador primário da liberação de gonadotropina em pássaros macho, a função de outras isoformas de GnRH na regulação de FSH não é clara. Portanto, há uma necessidade crítica de se avaliar melhor a real regulação de FSH, e o efeito basal do FSH na função testicular em frangos maduros.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/administração & dosagem , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/efeitos adversos , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/análise , Taxa Secretória/fisiologia , Hormônio Luteinizante , Galinhas/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate risk of exacerbations in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients undergoing assisted reproduction technology (ART) infertility treatment. METHODS: Sixteen patients with relapsing-remitting MS subjected to 26 ART treatment cycles receiving gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists and recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone were studied prospectively. The baseline study period encompassed 12 months prior to the first cycle and 9 months after final ART cycle. Neurological examinations, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and immunology testing were conducted every 3 months. Anti-myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody production, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, interferon (IFN)-γ, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß secretion by myelin basic protein- and MOG-peptide-specific T cells, as well as ex vivo isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), were studied using enzyme-linked immunospot. vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production by PBMCs was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: ART was associated with a 7-fold increase in risk of MS exacerbation, and a 9-fold increase in risk of enhanced disease activity on MRI. Worsening was associated with higher number of cells producing IL-8, IL-12, IFN-γ, and TGF-ß, as well as increased VEGF production by CD4(+) T cells and CXCL-12 plasma levels, all GnRH-mediated effects. A rise in 17-ß estradiol production associated with ART increased anti-MOG antibody titers, as well as B-cell survival factor BAFF (B-cell activating factor) and antiapoptotic molecule Bcl-2 levels from purified CD19(+) B cells. Finally, ART facilitated PBMC transmigration across an in vitro blood-brain barrier model, an effect mediated by IL-8, VEGF, and CXCL-12. INTERPRETATION: Results indicate a significant increase in MS disease activity in patients receiving ART, a risk that neurologists should be aware of. Reproductive hormones appear to exert an important role in regulating immune responses during the course of autoimmune diseases.
Assuntos
Infertilidade/terapia , Esclerose Múltipla/induzido quimicamente , Técnicas de Reprodução Assistida/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Anticorpos/uso terapêutico , Fator Ativador de Células B/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Citocinas/metabolismo , Avaliação da Deficiência , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/efeitos adversos , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/agonistas , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Infertilidade/complicações , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Esclerose Múltipla/complicações , Esclerose Múltipla/tratamento farmacológico , Esclerose Múltipla/metabolismo , Proteína Básica da Mielina/imunologia , Proteína Básica da Mielina/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , RNA Interferente Pequeno/farmacologia , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Transfecção , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismoRESUMO
Folliculogenesis and luteinization are characterized by irreversible and profound physiological and morphological transformation processes, which eventually culminate in the provision of fertilizable eggs and the conversion of the estrogen producing follicle into a progesterone producing corpus luteum. All these processes are preceded by complex alterations of the gene expression profiles in the somatic cell layers granulosa and theca. It has been well established that epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modification and local changes of the chromatin structure, are essentially involved in cell type-specific gene activation and silencing. This short review will mainly focus on epigenetic processes that are induced by the gonadotropins FSH and LH during late folliculogenesis and luteinization. Data will be presented demonstrating that histone modification and chromatin modulation, but also DNA methylation are involved in the changing gene expression profiles during folliculogenesis and luteinization. Hence, these epigenetic mechanisms have to be considered to understand the control of the female reproductive cycle and pregnancy as well as pathological aberrations.(AU)