RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to learn more about the prevalence and pathophysiology of depression and anxiety that may be caused by polycystic ovary syndrome and to make plans for taking necessary precautions for this vulnerable group. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted between January 2022 and October 2022. A total of 120 women with polycystic ovary syndrome and 143 controls were included in the study. All healthy volunteers and women with polycystic ovary syndrome were evaluated using self-administered questionnaires and physical examination. Anthropometric data such as weight and height and laboratory value were documented. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of demographic characteristics. When the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores of both groups were compared, both depression and anxiety scores were found to be significantly higher in women with polycystic ovary syndrome compared with the control group (OR: 3.319, 95%CI, 1.563-7.047, p<0.001 and OR: 3.238, 95%CI, 1.659-6.315, p<0.001). In the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire, the rate of irregular menstruation and Ferriman-Gallwey score were statistically significant in women with polycystic ovary syndrome with high depression and anxiety scores. While serum LH levels and LH/FSH ratios were significantly different in women with polycystic ovary syndrome with high depression scores, serum LH, LH:FSH ratios, and serum total testosterone levels were found significant in women with polycystic ovary syndrome with high anxiety scores. CONCLUSION: It is clear that depression and anxiety are more common in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome than in healthy women. Our findings support previous recommendations regarding routine screening for depression and anxiety in this population.
Assuntos
Ansiedade , Depressão , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico , Humanos , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/psicologia , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/complicações , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/sangue , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Adulto , Fatores de Risco , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/etiologia , Ansiedade/etiologia , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem , Inquéritos e Questionários , Prevalência , Adolescente , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangueRESUMO
Evidence indicates that master athletes have higher concentration of Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), lower body fat (BF), and greater activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in comparison to untrained peers. However, no published data have demonstrated possible mediation effect of Sirt1 in the interaction of BF and testosterone in this population. Therefore, this study compared and verified possible associations between Sirt1, BF, fat mass index (FMI), testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone/luteinizing hormone (T/LH) ratio in middle-aged master athletes (n = 54; 51.22 ± 7.76 years) and control middle-aged peers (n = 21; 47.76 ± 8.47 years). Venous blood was collected for testosterone, LH, and Sirt1. BF was assessed through skinfold protocol. Although LH concentration did not differ between groups, master athletes presented higher concentration of Sirt1, testosterone, and T/LH ratio, and lower BF and FMI in relation to age-matched nonathletes. Moreover, Sirt1 correlated positively with testosterone and T/LH ratio, negatively with BF, and was not significantly correlated with LH (mediation analysis revealed the effect of BF on testosterone is mediated by Sirt1 and vice versa; R2 = .1776; p = .032). In conclusion, master athletes have higher testosterone, T/LH ratio, and Sirt1, and lower BF and FMI in relation to untrained peers. Furthermore, Sirt1 was negatively associated with BF and positively associated with testosterone and T/LH ratio. These findings suggest that increased circulating Sirt1, possibly due to the master athlete's training regimens and lifestyle, exhibits a potential mediation effect on the interaction between endocrine function and body composition.
Assuntos
Atletas , Hormônio Luteinizante , Sirtuína 1 , Testosterona , Humanos , Testosterona/sangue , Sirtuína 1/sangue , Sirtuína 1/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Adulto , FemininoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis is the principal regulator of the reproductive system. The neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus signal the basophilic cells of the anterior pituitary to release luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), which bind to the granulosa and theca cells of a follicle in the ovary to promote healthy follicular development. Disruption of this process at any time can lead to polycystic ovaries and, if left untreated, can lead to Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), one of the leading causes of infertility. A novel treatment option using 150 kHz Intermediate Frequency (IF) Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) has been proposed to monitor the effect of this frequency during cystic development. METHODS: To prove this, an experiment was conducted to study the effect of whole-body exposure to 150 kHz EMR for 8 weeks at receptor, cellular, tissue and hormonal levels on the HPO axis of 25 young cyclic female rats. RESULTS: The results showed that 150 kHz EMR did not affect the histoarchitecture of neurons of arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus of PCO-induced rats. It was also found that the number of basophilic cells of the pituitary gland was increased and the immunoreactivity of LH and FSH secretion increased. This EMR field also decreased the development of follicular cysts in the ovary and possibly increased the immunoreactivity of the LH and FSH receptors as well on the theca and granulosa cells of follicles in the ovary. CONCLUSION: There are still many limitations to this study. If properly evaluated, the results of this experiment could help develop a new non-invasive treatment option for women with PCOS in the near future.
Assuntos
Magnetoterapia , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/terapia , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Radiação Eletromagnética , Estradiol , Feminino , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/sangue , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/metabolismo , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Hipotálamo/patologia , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Hormônio Luteinizante/metabolismo , Neurônios/citologia , Ovário/metabolismo , Ovário/patologia , Hipófise/metabolismo , Hipófise/patologia , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/induzido quimicamente , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/metabolismo , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/patologia , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptores do FSH/metabolismo , Receptores do LH/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Our study aims to evaluate the various correlations between demographic, biochemical, ultrasound, and ovarian stimulation parameters with the percentage of mature oocytes in conventional stimulation for IVF/ICSI cycles in order to develop a predictive model to improve our understanding of the oocyte maturation process. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study; patients underwent conventional antagonist ovarian stimulation protocols for fresh IVF/ICSI cycles. A total of 256 IVF/ICSI cycles were included. Age, antral follicle count (AFC), baseline serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, baseline serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, baseline serum estradiol (E2) levels, peak estradiol, P4 on hCG day, the body mass index (BMI), and stimulation length were measured. The variables were tested for correlations with the number of retrieved oocytes (#RO) and the number of mature oocytes (#MO). A backward stepwise regression was performed to identify the variables that correlated more strongly with percentage of mature oocytes (%MO). RESULTS: A predictive equation was obtained with the variables that were not excluded in the model. % MO = 72.700 - 0.910 (Age) + 0.979 (BMI) + 1.209 (Baseline serum LH) - 0.647 (Progesterone on human Chorionic Gonadotropin day). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that age, the BMI, baseline serum LH, and progesterone level on hCG day may predict %MO. Prospective studies are required to validate this predictive equation.
Assuntos
Indução da Ovulação , Injeções de Esperma Intracitoplásmicas , Gonadotropina Coriônica , Estradiol/sangue , Feminino , Fertilização in vitro , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/sangue , Humanos , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Oócitos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
This study was conducted to evaluate the luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion pattern after gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) antagonist to determine the effects of the GABAergic system on LH secretion during reproductive maturation in pre-pubertal Nellore heifers. Nellore heifers (nâ¯=â¯10) were administered a picrotoxin injection of 0.18â¯mg/kg, i.v. Blood samples were collected every 15â¯min for 3â¯h at different developmental stages (8, 10, 14 and 17 mo of age). Plasma concentrations of LH were quantified using an RIA (sensitivity of 0.04â¯ng/mL and CV of 15 %). There was an interaction between treatment and age (P = 0.034). Picrotoxin-treated heifers had lesser (Pâ¯≤⯠0.05) LH mean concentrations during a 3 h period at 10 and 17 mo of age compared to control heifers (Pâ¯≤⯠0.05). Comparing the period before and after Picrotoxin injection in the same animals, there was a 33 % decrease in LH concentration at 8 mo of age (P = 0.0165). These results indicate the GABAergic system has a stimulatory function in inducing LH secretion in pre-pubertal Nellore heifers. These findings corroborate previous results that GABA increases GnRH/LH secretion in other species during the pre-pubertal period.
Assuntos
Bovinos/fisiologia , Antagonistas GABAérgicos/farmacologia , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Picrotoxina/farmacologia , Receptores de GABA/metabolismo , Maturidade Sexual/fisiologia , Animais , Bovinos/sangue , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores de GABA/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common complex endocrine disorder affecting approximately 2-20% of reproductive aged females. Tumour Treating Fields (100-300 kHz) is a recent innovative, non-invasive therapeutic approach to cancer therapy. This frequency as an alternative therapy for the management of polycystic ovaries has not yet been explored. OBJECTIVES: To explore the effect of full-body exposure of 150 kHz Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR), on the development of polycystic ovaries in an estradiol valerate-induced PCO rat model. METHOD: Twenty-one female adult rats were divided into three groups (n = 7 each): control, Estradiol Valerate (EV) and EV + EMR groups. The EV + EMR group was subjected to full body exposure at 150 kHz EMR continuously for eight consecutive weeks. Estradiol valerate was administered orally to induce polycystic ovaries in EV and EV + EMR groups. Body and ovarian weights were recorded and analysed. The regularity of the estrous cycle was assessed in all three groups. The histological study of ovarian tissue was carried out by haematoxylin and eosin staining. The serum concentration levels of Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and testosterone were measured using the ELISA method. RESULTS: The body and ovary weights did not differ significantly between the EV and EV + EMR groups. The estrous cycle was found to be irregular in both the EV and EV + EMR groups. Ovarian histology revealed near normal morphology with little or no degenerative and morphological changes in developing follicles in the exposed group. Histometrical analysis showed an increased number of developing follicles and a significant reduction in the number and size of follicular cysts (p < 0.05) in the EV + EMR group. Hormonal analysis revealed no significant difference in the testosterone and FSH levels between the EV + EMR and EV groups. However, the LH, LH/FSH ratio decreased significantly in the EV + EMR group compares to the EV group. CONCLUSION: The 150 kHz EMR appear to have little or no degenerative and morphological changes in the developing follicles, an increased number of typical developing follicles and a significant reduction in the number and size of the follicular cysts (p < 0.05).
Assuntos
Radiação Eletromagnética , Ciclo Estral/efeitos da radiação , Folículo Ovariano/efeitos da radiação , Ovário/efeitos da radiação , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/patologia , Animais , Peso Corporal , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Estradiol/toxicidade , Estrogênios/toxicidade , Ciclo Estral/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/sangue , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Tamanho do Órgão , Folículo Ovariano/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovário/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovário/patologia , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/sangue , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/induzido quimicamente , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/radioterapia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Testosterona/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Our aim was to assess the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on metabolic parameters and body composition in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted using Embase, MEDLINE (via Ovid), PubMed, Sport Discus, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar (advanced feature) up to September 2020. Two authors independently screened citations and determined the risk of bias and quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Meta-analyses were conducted using random effects model. RESULTS: Seven trials (n = 423) were included in the systematic review. The studies included HIIT interventions vs. moderate exercise or control groups. Most studies were small (average 32, range 24-110 participants) and of relatively short duration (10-16 weeks). The training intensity was performed between 90% and 95% of the maximum heart rate, three times a week, for at least 10 weeks. Insulin resistance, measured using homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and body mass index (BMI) showed a significant decrease (MD -0.57; 95% CI, -0.98 to -0.16, p = 0.01), (MD -1.90, 95% CI -3.37, -0.42, p = 0.01) with moderate and high certainty of evidence, respectively. CONCLUSION: Results support that HIIT alone is effective for reducing HOMA-IR and BMI in women with PCOS. However, evidence is limited to discern the effect of HIIT on other outcomes. Future studies with a longer duration (> 16 weeks), larger sample sizes and other outcomes are needed.
Assuntos
Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade , Lipídeos/sangue , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/terapia , Feminino , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/sangue , Humanos , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/metabolismo , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Testosterona/sangue , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of serum vitamin D levels on semen quality and testosterone levels. This is a cross-sectional study conducted at Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Andrology Laboratory in Sao Paulo, Brazil, with 508 male patients, aged 18-60 years, from 2007 to 2017. Seminal parameters and serum sexual hormones were correlated with serum vitamin D concentrations in 260 men selected by strict selection criteria. Patients were divided into normozoospermic group (NZG, n = 124) and a group with seminal abnormalities (SAG, n = 136). Evaluation included complete physical examination, past medical history, habits and lifestyle factors, two complete seminal analysis with sperm functional tests, serum levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3(25(OH)VD3), total and free testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), total cholesterol, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, and karyotype. The mean concentration of 25(OH)VD3was significantly lower in the SAG (P < 0.001) and positively correlated with all baseline seminal parameters and total testosterone levels. In addition, serum vitamin D3concentration was found to be positively correlated with sperm concentration (ß= 2.103; P < 0.001), total number of spermatozoa with progressive motility (ß = 2.069; P = 0.003), total number of motile spermatozoa (ß = 2.571; P = 0.015), and strict morphology (ß = 0.056; P = 0.006), regardless of other variables. This is the first comparative study to address the issue of serum vitamin D3content between normozoospermic patients and those with sperm abnormalities. It clearly demonstrates a direct and positive relationship between serum vitamin D level and overall semen quality, male reproductive potential, and testosterone levels.
Assuntos
Análise do Sêmen , Testosterona/sangue , Vitamina D/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Colesterol/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/sangue , Humanos , Resistência à Insulina , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Globulina de Ligação a Hormônio Sexual/análise , Contagem de Espermatozoides , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Y chromosome anomalies are closely associated with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), a major etiology in male infertility. Klinefelter syndrome (KS) and Y chromosome microdeletions are some of the well-identified genetic defects in this regard, while Y chromosome aneuploidies have been reported to be susceptive. We report the rare case of a patient presenting with three complex genetic defects: mosaic Y chromosome aneuploidy; loss of the heterochromatin region in the q arm of the Y chromosome (Yqh-); and azoospermia factor C subregion (AZFc) microdeletion. The patient reported he had been subfertile for five years. Semen analysis confirmed total azoospermia along with an unaffected hormonal profile for serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin levels. Since the microdeletion analysis of azoospermia factor (AZF) region revealed the presence of three microdeletions in the AZFc region, the patient was offered intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) upon the retrieval of sperm by testicular sperm extraction (TESE) as the best possible assisted reproductive treatment (ART) option. It was further suggested to carry out pre-implantation genetic screening (PGS) in order to facilitate the transfer of only female embryos, thus preventing the dissemination of Y chromosomal anomalies.
Assuntos
Azoospermia/genética , Infertilidade Masculina/genética , Transtornos do Cromossomo Sexual no Desenvolvimento Sexual/genética , Azoospermia/sangue , Deleção Cromossômica , Cromossomos Humanos Y/genética , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/sangue , Humanos , Infertilidade Masculina/sangue , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Masculino , Prolactina/sangue , Análise do Sêmen , Aberrações dos Cromossomos Sexuais , Transtornos do Cromossomo Sexual no Desenvolvimento Sexual/sangueRESUMO
Changes in circulating progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) during proestrus produce dynamic changes in endometrial function and pituitary release of gonadotropins. Independent and combined effects of P4 and E2 on endometrium and pituitary were evaluated. In a preliminary study, an exogenous hormone model of proestrus was created by removal of corpus luteum and follicles ≥5 mm followed by gradual removal of intravaginal P4 implants during 18 h and treatment with increasing doses of estradiol benzoate during 48 h to mimic proestrus using high E2 (n = 9) or low E2 (n = 9). Decreased P4, increased E2, and increased endometrial area (EA) simulated proestrus in high-E2 cows and this was used subsequently. The main experiment used a 2 × 2 factorial design with: high E2 and low P4 (n = 11); high E2 and high P4 (n = 11); low E2 and high P4 (n = 11); low E2 and low P4 (n = 10). At 48 h, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-induced luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) release was determined. Variables were analyzed using PROCMIXED of Statistical Analysis System. The EA increased dramatically during 48 h only in high-E2 and low-P4 cows. For FSH, high-E2 cows had greater area under the curve (AUC) and FSH peak after GnRH than low E2, with mild negative effects of high P4. For LH, concentration at peak and AUC were 2-fold greater in high E2 compared to low-E2 groups, with low P4 also 2-fold greater than high-P4 groups. Thus, maximal changes in uterus and pituitary during proestrus depend on both low P4 and high E2, but different physiologic responses are regulated differently by E2 and P4. Changes in endometrium depend on low P4 and high E2, whereas GnRH-induced FSH secretion primarily depends on high E2, and GnRH-induced LH secretion is independently increased by high E2 or reduced by high P4.