RESUMO

Abstract Neisseria meningitidis, also known as meningococcus, is a relatively uncommon cause of invasive infection, but when it occurs, it is frequently severe and potentially life-threatening. A ten-year-old female patient developed a purpuric rash with fever. Upon arrival to the pediatric intensive care department, she was unconscious and in a poor general condition. We combined treatment with antibiotics, volume resuscitation, hydrocortisone, and CytoSorb® therapy resulted in a stabilization of hemodynamics, as well as control of hyperinflammation. We observed a significant decrease in vasopressor dosage in this patient.

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RESUMO

Neisseria meningitidis, also known as meningococcus, is a relatively uncommon cause of invasive infection, but when it occurs, it is frequently severe and potentially life-threatening. A ten-year-old female patient developed a purpuric rash with fever. Upon arrival to the pediatric intensive care department, she was unconscious and in a poor general condition. We combined treatment with antibiotics, volume resuscitation, hydrocortisone, and CytoSorb.½ therapy resulted in a stabilization of hemodynamics, as well as control of hyperinflammation. We observed a significant decrease in vasopressor dosage in this patient.

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In our country, meningococcal disease has a low endemic and high lethality, with epidemic out breaks; some of them of historical character, like the one happened during the first half of the last century. The action of a group of doctors, pioneers in clinical, research and teaching aspects, together with the health personnel that constituted their team, immersed in a successful public health policy, allowed to consolidate the necessary care of the sick child of this serious pathology, as well as many others, thus enabling the development of a structured and scientific proposal, in the light of the knowledge available at that time. Therefore, after 80 years, it is important to review the various clini cal, pathophysiological and therapeutic aspects, in addition to the hospital and social context, of this successful history of the Chilean public health system.

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Resumen: En nuestro país, la enfermedad meningocóccica presenta una baja endemia y alta letalidad, con exis tencia de brotes epidémicos, algunos de ellos de carácter histórico, como el acaecido durante la pri mera mitad del siglo pasado. La acción de un grupo de médicos, pioneros en los aspectos clínicos, de investigación y docencia, junto al personal de salud que constituía su equipo, inmersos en una política pública sanitaria exitosa, permitieron consolidar el cuidado necesario del niño enfermo de esta grave patología, como también de muchas otras, posibilitando así el desarrollo de una propuesta estructurada y científica a la luz del conocimiento disponible en aquella época. Por ello, luego de 80 años, es importante revisar los diversos aspectos clínicos, fisiopatológicos y terapéuticos, además del contexto hospitalario y social de esta exitosa historia del sistema de salud público chileno.

Abstract: In our country, meningococcal disease has a low endemic and high lethality, with epidemic out breaks; some of them of historical character, like the one happened during the first half of the last century. The action of a group of doctors, pioneers in clinical, research and teaching aspects, together with the health personnel that constituted their team, immersed in a successful public health policy, allowed to consolidate the necessary care of the sick child of this serious pathology, as well as many others, thus enabling the development of a structured and scientific proposal, in the light of the knowledge available at that time. Therefore, after 80 years, it is important to review the various clini cal, pathophysiological and therapeutic aspects, in addition to the hospital and social context, of this successful history of the Chilean public health system.

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We report a dramatic case of meningococcal sepsis manifesting as purpura fulminans in an elderly diabetic woman. Hemodynamic instability and severe bilateral cutaneous lesions involving her hands and feet developed rapidly. Specific antibiotic therapy and the administration of inotropic and vasopressor drugs were initiated. The severity and extension of the cutaneous lesions (attributed to purpura fulminans) worsened because of the need for vasoconstrictors for the treatment of septic shock. Bilateral transmetatarsal and metacarpal amputations were required to stabilize the patient.

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Objetivo: analisar a assistência ao paciente, o diagnóstico laboratorial e a vigilância epidemiológica da doença meningocócica (DM) na Região Metropolitana de Campinas estado de São Paulo, mediante indicadores operacionais associados à qualidade da atenção. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo dos casos de DM notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan) entre 2000 e 2012. Resultados: dos 929 casos estudados, 35,5 por cento apresentaram a tríade de sintomas (febre, vômitos e rigidez de nuca) e 62,2 por cento foram internados nas primeiras 24 horas; realizou-se punção lombar em 89,7 por cento; houve confirmação laboratorial em 80,4 por cento; 34,6 por cento foram notificados nas primeiras 24 horas e 36,2 por cento receberam quimioprofilaxia nas primeiras 48 horas. Conclusão: as internações foram oportunas, o diagnóstico laboratorial de boa qualidade, a investigação epidemiológica e o encerramento dos casos revelaram-se adequados; todavia, as ações de notificação e quimioprofilaxia não foram oportunas; indicadores operacionais de qualidade da atenção contribuem para o monitoramento e controle da DM...

Objective: to analyze meningococcal disease (MD) patient care, laboratory diagnosis and epidemiological surveillance in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas (MRC) through operational indicators of care quality. Methods: this was a retrospective study of DM cases reported on the Epidemiological Surveillance System in MRC between 2000 and 2012. Results: among the 929 cases studied, 35.5 per cent presented the three symptoms: fever, vomiting and stiff neck; 62.2 per cent were hospitalized within the first 24 hours; lumbar puncture was performed in 89.7 per cent and 80.4 per cent had laboratory confirmation; 34.6 per cent were reported in the first 24 hours and 36.2 per cent received chemoprophylaxis during the first 48 hours. Conclusion: hospitalizations were opportune, laboratory diagnosis was of good quality, epidemiological research and case closure were adequate; however, case reporting and chemoprophylaxis were not opportune; operational indicators of care quality contribute to DM monitoring and control...

OBJETIVO: analizar la asistencia al paciente, el diagnóstico de laboratorio y la vigilancia epidemiológica de la enfermedad meningocócica (DM) en la Región Metropolitana de Campinas estado de São Paulo, mediante indicadores operacionales asociados a la calidad de la atención.MÉTODOS: estudio retrospectivo de los casos de DM notificados al Sistema de Información de Agravamientos de Notificación (Sinan) entre 2000 y 2012.RESULTADOS: de los 929 casos estudiados, 35,5% presentaron la triada de síntomas (fiebre, vómitos y rigidez de nuca) y 62,2% fueron internados las primeras 24 horas; se realizó punción lumbar en un 89,7%; hubo confirmación de laboratorio en un 80,4%; 34,6% fueron notificados las primeras 24 horas y 36,2% recibió quimioprofilaxis las primeras 48 horas.CONCLUSIÓN: las internaciones fueron oportunas, el diagnóstico de laboratorio de buena calidad, la investigación epidemiológica y el cierre de los casos se revelaron adecuados; sin embargo, las acciones de notificación y quimioprofilaxis no fueron oportunas; los indicadores operacionales de calidad de la atención contribuyen al monitoreo y al control de la EM...

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Primary meningococcal arthritis is an extremely uncommon type of invasive meningococcal disease, with an incidence of 1.5- 1.8% of all paediatric cases of pyogenic arthritis. It is defined as the presence of acute septic arthritis without association with meningitis or the classic meningococcaemia, and isolation of Neisseria meningitidis in synovial fluid and/or blood culture. Typically monoarticular, mostly affects large joints. Prognosis is excellent with appropriated treatment. The aim of this study is to report 9 cases of primary meningococcal arthritis, evaluated at Hospital de Niños "Dr. R. Gutiérrez" in a period of 3 years, and to discuss clinical and epidemiologic issues.

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Scientific knowledge of meningococcal infection has increased greatly since the epidemic nature of the illness was first described by Vieusseux at the dawn of the nineteenth century. In fact, revolutionary advances have been made in public-health measures, antimicrobial therapy, diagnostic procedures, anti-inflammatory drugs and supportive care facilities. Based on the knowledge accumulated to date, it is generally accepted that the pathogenesis of meningococcal infection involves multiple links that interconnect in a complex web of phenomena from Neisseria meningitidis attachment to meningococcal sepsis or meningitis. In fact, a myriad of strongly interacting inflammatory molecules and cells have been implicated in neisserial infection, illustrating the complexity of meningococcal pathogenesis. In addition, many of these signallers are critically involved in outcomes in the human host. Deciphering the pathogenesis of meningococcal infection could expand our knowledge and provide important clues to the host-pathogen interaction, as well as leading to the development of new therapeutic tools. Herein, we review the history of the discovery and characterization of meningococcal disease, epidemiological features of the disease with an emphasis on recent developments in Brazil, the cellular and molecular basis of disease, and discuss diagnosis and therapy.

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A rapid and efficient method for preparing monoclonal antibody (MAb) serotypes using Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane were used in BALB/c mouse footpads for the immunization. The popliteal lymph nodes were isolated 19 days later for MAb-producing hybridomas, from which the MAbs against the 37 kDa protein were screened. Variations in class 2/3 (PorB) proteins form the basis for meningococcal serotyping. This is the first report on the preparation of MAbs against N. meningitidis that is specific to PorB protein using popliteal lymph nodes. The new monoclonal antibodies were specific for PorB outer membrane protein FL24(PL)Br, a new serotype 24 class 3 antigens of non-typeable (NT:NST) serogroup B strain, and FL14(PL)Br specific for the serotype 14, and reacted with the S3446 reference strain analyzed. A total of 12% of the case isolates reacted with one or more of the monoclonal antibodies. The high-affinity MAbs produced by hybridoma methodology provide a basis for further research on the pathogenesis and early diagnosis of meningococcus.

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