RESUMO
Infectious diseases emerge and reemerge over the years, and many of them can cause neurologic disease. Several factors contribute to the emergence and reemergence of these conditions, including human population growth, an increase in international travel, the geographic expansion of recognized pathogens to areas where they were previously nonendemic, and greater contact with wild animal reservoirs. The antivaccination social movement has played an important role in the reemergence of infectious diseases, especially some viral conditions. The authors review different viral (arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus; enterovirus 71; measles; and influenza), bacterial (syphilis, Lyme disease, and listeriosis), and parasitic (Chagas disease) diseases, focusing primarily on their neurologic complications. Although there are several additional infectious diseases with central nervous system manifestations that could be classified as emergent or reemergent, those listed here are the most relevant from an epidemiologic standpoint and are representative of important public health issues on all continents. The infections caused by these pathogens often show a variety of neuroimaging patterns that can be identified at CT and MRI, and radiology is central to the diagnosis and follow-up of such conditions. Given the increasing relevance of emerging and reemerging infections in clinical practice and public health scenarios, radiologists should be familiar with these infections. Online supplemental material is available for this article. ©RSNA, 2019.
Assuntos
Infecções Bacterianas do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecções Parasitárias do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico por imagem , Viroses do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/diagnóstico por imagem , Neuroimagem , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neuroimagem/métodos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Hydatid disease is an accidental parasitosis, with brain location being rare. The case is reported of a 33year-old male, with no history of note, who was admitted to hospital with intracranial hypertension syndrome and right hemiparesis. Computed tomography showed a cystic lesion in the left frontal-parietal lobule. Surgery was performed by complete excision of the lesion, with a good outcome. Hydatid disease is a rare condition in the brain. Clinical suspicion is important for an early diagnosis. A review is presented on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of cerebral hydatid disease.
Assuntos
Infecções Parasitárias do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico por imagem , Equinococose/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Albendazol/uso terapêutico , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Parasitárias do Sistema Nervoso Central/complicações , Infecções Parasitárias do Sistema Nervoso Central/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Parasitárias do Sistema Nervoso Central/cirurgia , Terapia Combinada , Craniotomia , Equinococose/complicações , Equinococose/tratamento farmacológico , Equinococose/cirurgia , Lobo Frontal/diagnóstico por imagem , Lobo Frontal/parasitologia , Humanos , Masculino , Náusea/etiologia , Exposição Ocupacional , Paresia/etiologia , Lobo Parietal/diagnóstico por imagem , Lobo Parietal/parasitologia , Peru , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Vômito/etiologiaRESUMO
Neurocysticercosis is an endemic disease in Latin America, Asia and Africa with growing occurrence in industrialized countries due to the increase in migration from low- and middle-income to high-income countries. The most severe clinical presentation is when the parasite is located in the subarachnoid space at the base of the brain (NCSAB). Aside from its clinical presentation, the severity of this form of the disease is due to the difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. Although NCSAB frequency is lower than that reported for the parenchymal location of the parasite, its clinical relevance must be emphasized. We provide a critical review of the central epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic features of this particular form of the disease, which is still associated with unacceptably high rates of morbidity and mortality.