RESUMO
The objective of this study was to categorise diseases associated with FeLV infection in cats. A total of 154 cats were submitted to necropsy, histopathology exam and anti-FeLV immunohistochemistry (IHC), and 83 (50.9â¯%) were IHC FeLV-positive. The cats age means of 4.1 years, including 3.6â¯% kittens, 34.9â¯% junior, 37.4â¯% prime, 18.1â¯% mature, 2.4â¯% senior, 3.6â¯% unknown age. Neoplastic diseases were most prevalent with leukaemia and lymphoma being most predominant, followed by viral diseases, bacterial, trauma, degenerative, intoxications, parasitic, malformation and others. FeLV+ cats were 5.73 times more likely to be diagnosed with neoplasms than other diseases. The odds ratio (OR) of FeLV+ cats developing leukaemia (OR = 7.75) and lymphoma (OR = 6.75) was higher than other neoplasms. FeLV infection was more prevalent in the mixed breed, junior to prime, male, with neoplastic diseases, including leukaemia and lymphoma. Therefore, understanding the diseases associated with FeLV is of paramount importance in Brazil due to its high prevalence, and it may encourage the implementation of prophylactic measures to reduce its dissemination.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Vírus da Leucemia Felina , Leucemia Felina , Gatos , Animais , Vírus da Leucemia Felina/isolamento & purificação , Brasil/epidemiologia , Masculino , Doenças do Gato/virologia , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Feminino , Prevalência , Leucemia Felina/epidemiologia , Leucemia Felina/virologia , Linfoma/epidemiologia , Linfoma/veterinária , Linfoma/virologia , Infecções por Retroviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Retroviridae/veterinária , Infecções por Retroviridae/virologia , Imuno-Histoquímica , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/veterinária , Neoplasias/virologia , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/veterinária , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/epidemiologia , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/virologiaRESUMO
JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is the causative agent for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in immunocompromised patients. More than 40% of healthy population excretes JCPyV particles in their urine. As JCPyV is ubiquitous in human, the definition of genotype distribution can help trace population migration. In this study, to define the frequency of JCPyV in southwest of Iran, urine samples of 161 volunteers including 80 healthy individuals and 81 HIV-infected patients were collected. PCR assays and sequence analysis were performed using JCPyV-specific primers designed against VP1 coding region. JCPyV DNA was detected in 65 out of 81 urine samples (80.2%) of HIV-infected, and in 43 out of 80 urine samples (53.8%) of healthy individuals (P = 0.001). The shedding of JCPyV among HIV-infected patients revealed an age-related pattern while such relationship was not observed in healthy individuals group. The most common genotype found in this region was genotype 3A (80.8%), followed by genotype 2D (11.5%), 4 (3.8%), and 7 (3.8%). The frequency of JCPyV in the urine of HIV-infected patients was found significantly higher than in the healthy individuals (P = 0.001).
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/complicações , Vírus JC/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Polyomavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Proteínas do Capsídeo/genética , Criança , Pré-Escolar , DNA Viral/urina , Feminino , Genótipo , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Vírus JC/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Polyomavirus/urina , Eliminação de Partículas Virais , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Avian polyomavirus disease and psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) are both contagious viral diseases in psittacine birds with similar clinical manifestations and characterized by abnormal feathers. To determine the prevalence of Aves polyomavirus 1 (APyV) and beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) in captive, exotic psittacine birds in Chile, feathers from 250 psittacine birds, representing 17 genera, were collected and stored during the period 2013-2016. Polymerase chain reaction testing was used to detect APyV and BFDV were detected in feather bulb samples. The results indicated that 1.6% (4/250) of the samples were positive for APyV, 23.2% (58/250) were positive to BFDV, and 0.8% (2/250) were positive to both APyV and BFDV. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of APyV and BFDV prevalence in captive, exotic psittacine birds in South America. Analysis of 2 Chilean partial sequences of the gene encoding agnoprotein 1a (APyV) and the replication-associated protein (BFDV) extends the knowledge of genomic variability for both APyV and BFDV isolates and their spectrum of hosts. No geographical marker was detected for the local isolates.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/virologia , Infecções por Circoviridae/veterinária , Circovirus/isolamento & purificação , Animais de Estimação/virologia , Polyomavirus/isolamento & purificação , Psittaciformes , Animais , Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Infecções por Circoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Circoviridae/virologia , Circovirus/genética , Filogenia , Polyomavirus/classificação , Infecções por Polyomavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Polyomavirus/veterinária , Infecções por Polyomavirus/virologia , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/epidemiologia , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/veterinária , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/virologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of human polyomavirus (BK and JC viruses) infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy blood donors. METHODS: The study included 250 healthy blood donors. Five-milliliter blood was drawn into sterile EDTA tubes and PBMCs were isolated from whole blood. The isolated PBMCs were counted and stored at -70°C for future investigation. DNA was extracted and subjected to simple, sensitive and specific semi-nested PCR as well as QPCR using both general and specific primers for different assays. RESULTS: Of 250 blood samples, 66 (26.4%) were positive for BKV DNA (146-34,514 copies/106 cells). JC DNA was found in 45 (18%) blood samples (65-21,250 copies/106 cells). Co-infection with these viruses were found in 11 (4.4%) out of 250 blood samples. DISCUSSION: Our study provides important data on polyomavirus infection in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes in immunocompetent individuals. These data indicate significant differences between the prevalence of BKV and JCV infection in healthy blood donors. The prevalence of BK and JC virus infection is higher in the age range 30-39 years compared to other age ranges.
Assuntos
Vírus BK/isolamento & purificação , Doadores de Sangue , Vírus JC/isolamento & purificação , Leucócitos Mononucleares/virologia , Infecções por Polyomavirus/virologia , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/virologia , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Vírus BK/genética , DNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Vírus JC/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Polyomavirus/sangue , Infecções por Polyomavirus/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/sangue , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/epidemiologia , Carga Viral , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but aggressive primary cutaneous carcinoma with high mortality rates. The present study intends to delineate the epidemiological profile of patients with MCC seen at the Clinics Hospital of the Medical School at the University of São Paulo, Brazil, and its association with Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). METHODS: This is a retrospective study. A search was performed in the hospital's medical index for all cases of MCC from January 1994 to December 2012. Among patients with MCC, the available tumoral skin specimens were analyzed with two different techniques of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (conventional and real-time) for detection of MCPyV DNA. Additionally, paraffin-embedded samples of patients with non-MCC skin cancers were also analyzed. Analyses suitable for categorical data (i.e., x² of Fisher) were used to compare the proportion of patients in each group. RESULTS: Nineteen patients with MCC and 20 patients with non-MCC skin cancers entered the study. All MCC samples available (13) tested positive for the presence of MCPyV DNA; however, in the non-MCC skin cancer samples, the MCPyV DNA was detected in 4 of 20 samples (20%). MCPyV DNA detection rate was higher in patients with MCC than in the other group, and its analysis was statistically significant (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the association of MCPyV in Brazilian patients with MCC. However, further studies are necessary to determine the exact involvement of MCPyV in MCC pathogenesis and to define the significance of viral DNA detection in non-MCC skin cancers.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Célula de Merkel/virologia , Poliomavírus das Células de Merkel/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Polyomavirus/virologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/virologia , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/virologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Carcinoma de Célula de Merkel/epidemiologia , DNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Poliomavírus das Células de Merkel/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Infecções por Polyomavirus/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Sexuais , Pele/virologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/epidemiologia , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/epidemiologiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of human polyomavirus (BK and JC viruses) infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy blood donors. Methods: The study included 250 healthy blood donors. Five-milliliter blood was drawn into sterile EDTA tubes and PBMCs were isolated from whole blood. The isolated PBMCs were counted and stored at −70 °C for future investigation. DNA was extracted and subjected to simple, sensitive and specific semi-nested PCR as well as QPCR using both general and specific primers for different assays. Results: Of 250 blood samples, 66 (26.4%) were positive for BKV DNA (146-34,514 copies/106 cells). JC DNA was found in 45 (18%) blood samples (65-21,250 copies/106 cells). Co-infection with these viruses were found in 11 (4.4%) out of 250 blood samples. Discussion: Our study provides important data on polyomavirus infection in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes in immunocompetent individuals. These data indicate significant differences between the prevalence of BKV and JCV infection in healthy blood donors. The prevalence of BK and JC virus infection is higher in the age range 30-39 years compared to other age ranges.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/virologia , Doadores de Sangue , Leucócitos Mononucleares/virologia , Vírus BK/isolamento & purificação , Vírus JC/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Polyomavirus/virologia , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/sangue , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/epidemiologia , DNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Prevalência , Distribuição por Idade , Vírus BK/genética , Vírus JC/genética , Carga Viral , Infecções por Polyomavirus/sangue , Infecções por Polyomavirus/epidemiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: BK polyomavirus (BKPyV)-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) is a consequence of BKPyV replication in the urinary tract in kidney transplant recipients (KTR). OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to determine the prevalence of BKPyV replication and BKPyVAN, risk factors associated to sustained viremia and BKPyVAN, and viremia cut-off that best predict the occurrence of sustained viremia and nephropathy in KTR of a single University Hospital Kidney Transplant Center. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All KTR undergoing transplantation from August 2010 to December 2011 were enrolled and monitored up to 2 years posttransplantation for BKPyV viruria by decoy cells shedding or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and viremia by PCR. Kidney biopsy was indicated if sustained viremia (two or more viremia above 10 000 copies/mL) to confirm BKPyVAN diagnosis. RESULTS: In this study, 326 transplants were performed and 246 patients were included. Prevalence of viruria was 36.9%, viremia 22.3% and nephropathy 3.2%. Male gender was the only risk factor associated to sustained viremia or nephropathy. Cut-off value of viremia that best discriminates the progression to sustained viremia and to BKPyVAN was 37 488 and 44 956 copies/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of viruria, viremia, and nephropathy were similar to those reported in literature but the cut-off value of viremia that best discriminates the risk of progression to nephropathy was greater than the value usually reported, which is 10 000 copies/mL.
Assuntos
Vírus BK/isolamento & purificação , Nefropatias/epidemiologia , Infecções por Polyomavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/epidemiologia , Viremia/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Vírus BK/fisiologia , Biópsia , DNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Rejeição de Enxerto/sangue , Rejeição de Enxerto/epidemiologia , Rejeição de Enxerto/patologia , Rejeição de Enxerto/virologia , Humanos , Terapia de Imunossupressão/efeitos adversos , Terapia de Imunossupressão/métodos , Rim/patologia , Rim/virologia , Nefropatias/diagnóstico , Nefropatias/patologia , Nefropatias/virologia , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Seleção de Pacientes , Infecções por Polyomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Polyomavirus/patologia , Infecções por Polyomavirus/virologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/diagnóstico , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/patologia , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/virologia , Viremia/epidemiologia , Viremia/virologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although identifying cytological viral inclusions (decoy cells) in the urine is relatively easy, distinguishing between Polyomaviruses BKV and JCV is not possible. Few studies have been published regarding JCV detection in kidney transplant recipients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of BKV and JCV DNA in archival slides of urine cytospin material from renal transplant patients. METHODS: A total of 44 urine specimens were evaluated cytologically for the presence of viral inclusions (decoy cells) and by nested polymerase chain reaction to differentiate between JCV and BKV in DNA isolated from archival slides of urine cytospin material. RESULTS: Of the 44 urine specimen donors, 9 (20.5%) patients had at least 1 sample with alterations suggestive of or compatible with viral infection (decoy cells), and 3 had urine samples with cellular atypias/neoplasias. Additionally, 24/44 (54.5%) patients had PCR-positive DNA for Polyomavirus in at least 1 sample, including 11/44 who were positive for BKV (25%) and 16/44 who were positive for JCV (36.36%), with 3 (6.8%) patients showing viral coinfection. Regarding transplantation time, only JCV was statistically significant (P = .019) for periods longer than 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the potential use of archival slides of urine cytospin material to differentiate BKV and JCV and demonstrate the importance of improved JCV detection for later kidney transplant recipients.
Assuntos
Vírus BK/isolamento & purificação , Vírus JC/isolamento & purificação , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Infecções por Polyomavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/epidemiologia , Vírus BK/genética , DNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Vírus JC/genética , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Infecções por Polyomavirus/urina , Infecções por Polyomavirus/virologia , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/urina , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/virologiaRESUMO
BK virus (BKV) infection occurs during childhood and remains latent in the urinary tract. The virus is reactivated in immunosuppressed patients, particularly in those with cellular immunity deficiency, allowing its detection in urine and blood. Nephropathy caused by the virus in renal transplantation recipients may lead to graft failure. The purpose of this study is to know the prevalence of BKV variables in renal transplantation recipients and to evaluate their clinical evolution through molecular methods of "in house" development. Urine and peripheral blood samples from 66 renal transplantation recipients from the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, were systematically analyzed every 3 months as well as when there was graft dysfunction. Renal biopsies, which were included in the BKV detection study, were performed on those patients with graft dysfunction. Genotyping of 24 BKVs was performed, and the following distribution was found: 21 (87.5%) belonged to subtype I, 3 (12.5%) to subtype II. BKV belonging to subtypes III or IV were not found. As regards subtype I subgroups, the following were identified: 1 (4.76%) from Ia, 10 (47.61%) from Ib1 and 10 (47.61%) from Ib2. Presence of subgroup Ic was not shown. Viremia presented in 33.33% of cases, whereas 75% corresponded to subgroup Ib 1. Genotype Ib1 is prevailing in Southeast Asia, while Ib2 is prominent in Europe. Although an important proportion of the inhabitants of the province of Buenos Aires are European descendants, the prevailing genotype is Ib1, the Asian type. Genotyping might be related to the evolution of the disease in the recipient.
Assuntos
Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Infecções por Polyomavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Polyomavirus/virologia , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/epidemiologia , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/virologia , Adulto , Argentina , Vírus BK/fisiologia , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido/imunologia , Masculino , Infecções por Polyomavirus/imunologia , Prevalência , Transplantados , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/imunologia , Ativação Viral/imunologiaRESUMO
To describe the epidemiology of BKV and to assess the presence of the African variant in bone marrow and kidney transplant patients who have suspected BKV reactivation. A descriptive study was conducted, using institutional records, at the Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali-Colombia. The overall prevalence of BKV during the study period was 51%. The African variant was identified in 49.4% of samples that were positive for BKV. 50.6% of the samples were found to have the wild strain of BKV. Among BKV positive patients, 57% were kidney transplant recipients and 43% were bone marrow transplant recipients. This is the first epidemiological study describing the African variant of BKV in Colombia.