RESUMO
Canine tick-borne diseases, such as babesiosis, rangeliosis, hepatozoonosis, anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis, are of veterinarian relevance, causing mild or severe clinical cases that can lead to the death of the dog. The aim of this study was detecting tick-borne protozoan and rickettsial infections in dogs with anemia and/or thrombocytopenia in Uruguay. A total of 803 domestic dogs were evaluated, and 10% were found positive (detected by PCR) at least for one hemoparasite. Sequence analysis confirmed the presence of four hemoprotozoan species: Rangelia vitalii, Babesia vogeli, Hepatozoon canis and Hepatozoon americanum, and the rickettsial Anaplasma platys. The most detected hemoparasite was R. vitalii, followed by H. canis and A. platys. This is the first report of B. vogeli in Uruguay and the second report of H. americanum in dogs from South America. The results highlight the importance for veterinarians to include hemoparasitic diseases in their differential diagnosis of agents causing anemia and thrombocytopenia.
Assuntos
Anemia , Doenças do Cão , Piroplasmida , Trombocitopenia , Animais , Uruguai , Cães , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Trombocitopenia/veterinária , Trombocitopenia/parasitologia , Anemia/veterinária , Anemia/parasitologia , Piroplasmida/isolamento & purificação , Piroplasmida/genética , Feminino , Anaplasmataceae/isolamento & purificação , Anaplasmataceae/genética , Masculino , Infecções por Anaplasmataceae/veterinária , Infecções por Anaplasmataceae/epidemiologia , Anaplasma/isolamento & purificação , Anaplasma/genética , Babesiose/parasitologia , Babesiose/diagnóstico , Coccidiose/veterinária , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Eucoccidiida/isolamento & purificação , Eucoccidiida/genética , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/veterinária , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/parasitologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/microbiologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/epidemiologia , Babesia/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/parasitologia , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterináriaRESUMO
The genus Neorickettsia comprises trematode-associated bacteria that can cause diseases in animals and humans. Despite detection of Neorickettsia antigens in the intestine of coatis kept in captivity in southern Brazil through immunohistochemistry, the molecular identity of the bacteria in South American procyonids remains elusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of Neorickettsia sp. in blood samples from coatis in central-western Brazil. Between March 2018 and January 2019, animals were captured and recaptured in two areas of the Cerrado (Parque Estadual do Prosa, PEP; and Vila da Base Aérea, VBA) located in the city of Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, central-western Brazil. All captures were performed according to convenience. DNA from 97 blood samples was subjected to nested PCR (nPCR) targeting a fragment of the 16S rRNA gene of Neorickettsia sp. Six samples (3.6%; five from VBA and one from PEP) from different coatis were positive in nPCR based on the 16S rRNA. The sequences obtained (~500 bp) showed Ë 99% similarity to N. risticii. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the sequences detected in the present study in a clade with N. risticii. This is the first molecular detection of Neorickettsia sp. in coatis in Brazil.(AU)
O gênero Neorickettsia compreende bactérias associadas a trematódeos que podem causar doenças em animais e humanos. Apesar da detecção de antígenos de Neorickettsia por imuno-histoquímica no intestino de quatis mantidos em cativeiro no sul do Brasil, a identidade molecular da bactéria em procionídeos da América do Sul permanece indefinida. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a ocorrência de Neorickettsia sp. em amostras de sangue de quatis do Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Entre março de 2018 e janeiro de 2019, os animais foram capturados em duas áreas de Cerrado (Parque Estadual do Prosa PEP e Vila da Base Aérea VBA) localizadas na cidade de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Todas as capturas e recapturas foram realizadas por conveniência. O DNA de 97 amostras de sangue foi submetido a "nested" (nPCR), baseada em um fragmento do gene 16S rRNA de Neorickettsia sp. Seis (3,6% - 5 de VBA e 1 de PEP) amostras de quatis diferentes foram positivas na nPCR, baseada no rRNA 16S. As sequências obtidas (~500 pb) apresentaram Ë99% de identidade com N. risticii. A inferência filogenética agrupou as sequencias detectadas no presente estudo em um clado com N. risticii. Esta é a primeira detecção molecular de Neorickettsia sp. em quatis do Brasil.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Procyonidae/microbiologia , Infecções por Anaplasmataceae/diagnóstico , Brasil , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Neorickettsia/patogenicidadeRESUMO
This study aims to report the presence of Neorickettsia risticii DNA in blood samples from naturally infected horses in Rio de Janeiro, provide clinicopathological findings related to the infection, and report the phylogenetic diversity of the 16S rDNA of N. risticii in order to evaluate its heterogeneity. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to investigate the presence of N. risticii in samples collected from horses (n = 187). Five positive samples were found in the molecular screening. Hypoalbuminemia and high levels of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were the predominant findings in the biochemical analysis. The sequences were similar to those of N. risticii. Phylogenetic analysis revealed genotype segregation based on the geographical distribution in the N. risticii sequence clade. Dendrograms constructed with five hypervariable regions revealed that V4 distinguished Neorickettsia at the species level and produced a phylogeny that best represented the phylogeny obtained with the complete 16S rDNA sequence. This is the first report of N. risticii DNA in the blood of Brazilian horses based on sequences deposited in GenBank. Further studies are necessary to clarify the epidemiological chain of this vector-borne parasite in order to determine and establish appropriate preventive measures in the equine trading market.
Assuntos
Infecções por Anaplasmataceae , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Doenças dos Cavalos , Cavalos , Neorickettsia risticii/genética , Filogenia , Infecções por Anaplasmataceae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Anaplasmataceae/genética , Infecções por Anaplasmataceae/microbiologia , Infecções por Anaplasmataceae/veterinária , Animais , Brasil , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Cavalos/genética , Doenças dos Cavalos/microbiologia , Neorickettsia risticii/isolamento & purificação , RNA Bacteriano/genética , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genéticaRESUMO
Neorickettsia helminthoeca (NH), the agent of salmon poisoning disease or canine neorickettiosis (CN), is a bacterial endosymbiont of the nematode Nanophyetus salmincola, and infections are spreading among specific fish-eating mammalians. This article describes the pathologic and immunohistochemical findings associated with spontaneous NH-induced infections in dogs from Southern Brazil. The principal pathologic findings were hypertrophy of Peyer patches and lymphadenopathy with lymphocytic proliferation, chronic interstitial pneumonia, and chronic enteritis associated with positive intralesional immunoreactivity to antigens of NH within macrophages and histiocytes. Positive immunoreactivity against canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) or/and canine distemper virus was not detected in the evaluated intestinal segments or in the samples from the cerebellum and lungs, respectively, from the dogs evaluated. These findings demonstrated that NH was involved in the enteric, pulmonary, and lymphoid lesions herein described, and provide additional information to confirm the occurrence of this bacterial endosymbiont within this geographical location. It is proposed that chronic pneumonia should be considered as a pathologic manifestation of NH-induced infections. Additionally, our results show that the occurrences of CN seem to be underdiagnosed in Southern Brazil due to the confusion with the incidence of CPV-2.
Assuntos
Infecções por Anaplasmataceae/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Gastroenterite/veterinária , Pneumopatias/veterinária , Doenças Linfáticas/veterinária , Neorickettsia/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Reações Cruzadas , Vírus da Cinomose Canina/imunologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/imunologia , Cães , Feminino , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Gastroenterite/imunologia , Gastroenterite/microbiologia , Imuno-Histoquímica , Pneumopatias/epidemiologia , Pneumopatias/imunologia , Pneumopatias/microbiologia , Doenças Linfáticas/epidemiologia , Doenças Linfáticas/imunologia , Doenças Linfáticas/microbiologia , Masculino , Neorickettsia/imunologia , Parvovirus Canino/imunologia , SimbioseRESUMO
Background: This report describes the occurrence of equine neorickettsiosis (EN) in the northern region of Paraná,southern Brazil. EN is a non-contagious infectious disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium, Neorickettsia risticii.Equine neorickettsiosis was previously known as Potomac horse fever and monocytic ehrlichiosis. The disease occurspredominantly in the USA and Canada; data relative to EN in Brazil is scarce. The aim of this study was to report the firstcase of putative EN in the state of Paraná due to a combination of IHC and molecular testing.Case: A 2-year-old Quarter Horse was referred to a Veterinary Hospital with episodes of abdominal discomfort, fever,anorexia, tachycardia, and tachypnea. The animal reportedly demonstrated episodes of blackened and fetid diarrhea afterthe ingestion of hay. A treatment was established upon arrival at the veterinary hospital, but the mare died after 12 hoursof monitoring. An autopsy examination performed soon after death revealed severe hyperemia of the mucosa of the cecum and colon, with multifocal cecal erosions and ulcerations. The principal histological lesion observed was necrotizingenterocolitis. Additional significant histopathologic lesions included widespread lymphoid depletion affecting the spleen,tonsils, and lymph nodes. An IHC assay designed to identify the antigens of N. helminthoeca (NH) in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues, identified antigens of intralesional neorickettsial organisms within macrophages of themucosa of the colon. Additionally, a PCR assay designed to amplify the 16S rRNA gene of Neorickettsia, amplified thedesired amplicon, but sequencing was frustrating.Discussion: A putative diagnosis of equine neorickettsiosis was established due to the combination of epidemiologicalevidence, pathologic findings, immunohistochemical identification of intralesional antigens of neorickettsial agents, andamplification...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Neorickettsia/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Anaplasmataceae/veterinária , Cavalos/microbiologia , Enterocolite Necrosante/veterinária , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: This report describes the occurrence of equine neorickettsiosis (EN) in the northern region of Paraná,southern Brazil. EN is a non-contagious infectious disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium, Neorickettsia risticii.Equine neorickettsiosis was previously known as Potomac horse fever and monocytic ehrlichiosis. The disease occurspredominantly in the USA and Canada; data relative to EN in Brazil is scarce. The aim of this study was to report the firstcase of putative EN in the state of Paraná due to a combination of IHC and molecular testing.Case: A 2-year-old Quarter Horse was referred to a Veterinary Hospital with episodes of abdominal discomfort, fever,anorexia, tachycardia, and tachypnea. The animal reportedly demonstrated episodes of blackened and fetid diarrhea afterthe ingestion of hay. A treatment was established upon arrival at the veterinary hospital, but the mare died after 12 hoursof monitoring. An autopsy examination performed soon after death revealed severe hyperemia of the mucosa of the cecum and colon, with multifocal cecal erosions and ulcerations. The principal histological lesion observed was necrotizingenterocolitis. Additional significant histopathologic lesions included widespread lymphoid depletion affecting the spleen,tonsils, and lymph nodes. An IHC assay designed to identify the antigens of N. helminthoeca (NH) in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues, identified antigens of intralesional neorickettsial organisms within macrophages of themucosa of the colon. Additionally, a PCR assay designed to amplify the 16S rRNA gene of Neorickettsia, amplified thedesired amplicon, but sequencing was frustrating.Discussion: A putative diagnosis of equine neorickettsiosis was established due to the combination of epidemiologicalevidence, pathologic findings, immunohistochemical identification of intralesional antigens of neorickettsial agents, andamplification...
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Cavalos/microbiologia , Enterocolite Necrosante/veterinária , Infecções por Anaplasmataceae/veterinária , Neorickettsia/isolamento & purificação , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterináriaRESUMO
The pathologic, molecular, and immunohistochemical findings associated with Neorickettsia helminthoeca are described in coatis ( Nasua nasua). Tissue sections (small intestine, lungs, kidney, liver, and spleen) of coatis ( n = 3) that died at the Bela Vista Biological Refuge, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, southern Brazil were routinely processed from histopathology. Selected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections of the small intestine, lungs, and spleen were used in an immunohistochemical (IHC) assay designed to identify the antigens of N. helminthoeca. Additionally, FFPE tissue sections of the small intestine were used to demonstrate antigens of canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) by IHC. Histopathology revealed chronic enteritis in all coatis. Parasitic enteritis was diagnosed in two coatis; one of these contained examples of a trematode within the lumen of the small intestine and the ovum of a trematode encysted in the intestinal mucosa. Other significant pathologic findings included interstitial pneumonia ( n = 2) and pyogranulomatous splenitis ( n = 1). Positive immunolabeling for N. helminthoeca was identified within macrophages of the small intestine and reticuloendothelial cells within the germinal centers of the spleen of all coatis; the intestinal trematode was N. helminthoeca IHC-positive. All pulmonary sections revealed negative immunolabeling for N. helminthoeca. Furthermore, the antigens of CPV-2 were not identified in the intestine of any coati. These findings indicate that these coatis were infected by N. helminthoeca, but since clinical and gross pathological findings were not recorded, it is uncertain if this pathogen produced clinical disease in this canid host; therefore, coatis may be asymptomatic or dead-end hosts for this organism.
Assuntos
Infecções por Anaplasmataceae/veterinária , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Neorickettsia , Procyonidae/microbiologia , Infecções por Anaplasmataceae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Anaplasmataceae/microbiologia , Animais , Antígenos Virais/isolamento & purificação , Brasil/epidemiologia , Enterite/parasitologia , Enterite/veterinária , Enterite/virologia , Feminino , Parvovirus Canino , Infecções por Trematódeos/parasitologia , Infecções por Trematódeos/veterináriaRESUMO
This study aimed to screen wild rodents from southern Chile, for the presence of Anaplasmatacea. Spleen samples from 33 wild rodents trapped in Valdivia Province were screened by conventional PCR (cPCR), targeting the Anaplasmataceae 16S rRNA gene (16S). Positive samples were further evaluated, targeting a larger 16S fragment, groEL operon, and gltA gene, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Anaplasmataceae DNA was detected in 15% (five of 33) of the tested rodents (Abrothrix sp. [four of five] and Mus musculus [one of five]). Analysis of sequenced products based on the 16S gene revealed high similarity with "Ca. Neoehrlichia mikurensis," "Ca. Neoehrlichia lotoris" and "Ca. Neoehrlichia arcana" (97.8%-98.6%). A lower similarity was observed with Candidatus Neoehrlichia groEL (89.7%-92%) and gltA (79.5%-79.9%) loci. According to the 16SrRNA, groEL and gltA phylogenetic analyses, two closely related genotypes of "Candidatus Neoehrlichia" spp. from Chile were observed, which clustered together in a separate clade from other species in this genus. This study suggests the presence of two genotypes of a novel species of "Candidatus Neoehrlichia," proposed as "Candidatus Neoehrlichia chilensis," circulating in rodents from Chile. This is the first report of "Ca. Neoehrlichia" species in rodents from America.
Assuntos
Infecções por Anaplasmataceae/veterinária , Anaplasmataceae/isolamento & purificação , Animais Selvagens/microbiologia , Roedores/microbiologia , Anaplasmataceae/genética , Infecções por Anaplasmataceae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Anaplasmataceae/epidemiologia , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Chile/epidemiologia , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Genótipo , Camundongos , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genéticaRESUMO
Recently, the importance of wild-living rodents for maintenance of pathogens of the family Anaplasmataceae in the environment was investigated. These mammals play a role as reservoirs for these pathogens and act as hosts for the immature stages of tick vectors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of Ehrlichia sp. and Anaplasma sp. in 24 specimens of Azaras agouti (Dasyprocta azarae) that had been trapped in the Itapiracó Environmental Reserve, in São Luís, Maranhão, northeastern Brazil, using molecular methods. Four animals (16.7%) were positive for Ehrlichia spp. in nested PCR assays based on the 16S rRNA gene. In a phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene, using the maximum likelihood method and the GTRGAMMA+I evolutionary model, Ehrlichia sp. genotypes detected in Azaras agoutis were found to be closely related to E. canis and to genotypes relating to E. canis that had previously been detected in free-living animals in Brazil. The present work showed the first molecular detection of Ehrlichia sp. in Azaras agoutis in Brazil.(AU)
Recentemente, a importância de roedores selvagens na manutenção de agentes Anaplasmataceae no ambiente tem sido investigada, haja visto o papel que tais mamíferos podem desempenhar como reservatórios para os patógenos e como hospedeiros para estágios imaturos dos carrapatos vetores. O presente estudo objetivou investigar a ocorrência de Ehrlichia sp. e Anaplasma sp. em 24 cotias (Dasyprocta azarae) capturadas na Reserva Ambiental de Itapiracó, em São Luís, Maranhão, nordeste do Brazil, utilizando métodos moleculares. Quatro animais (16,7%) mostraram-se positivos nos ensaios de nested PCR para Ehrlichia spp. baseados no gene 16S rRNA gene. Na análise filogenética baseda no gene 16S rRNA e utilizando o método de Máxima Verossimilhança e modelo evolutivo GTRGAMMA+I, os genótipos de Ehrlichia sp. detectados em cotias mostraram-se filogeneticamente relacionados às sequências de E. canis e outros genótipos relacionados a E. canis detectados previamente em animais selvagens no Brasil. O presente trabalho mostrou a primeira detecção molecular de Ehrlichia sp. em cotias no Brasil.(AU)ipt
Assuntos
Animais , Infecções por Anaplasmataceae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Anaplasmataceae/genética , Biologia Molecular/métodos , Dasyproctidae/parasitologiaRESUMO
Although Orinoco goose (Neochen jubata) is an anatid species widely distributed in South America, scarce are the reports on the occurrence of arthropod-borne pathogens in this avian species. The present work aimed to verify, by serological and molecular methods, the occurrence of haemosporida piroplasmids and Anaplasmataceae agents in wild Orinoco geese captured in Brazil. Between 2010 and 2014, 62 blood samples were collected from free-living geese captured in the Araguaia River, Goiás State, Brazil. Six geese (10%) were seropositive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, showing titers ranging from 40 and 80. Twenty out of 62 blood samples (32.25%) were positive in nested PCR for hemosporidia (cytochrome b gene). Fifteen and five sequences shared identity with Haemoproteus and Plasmodium, respectively. Six out of 62 blood samples (9.68%) were positive in nested PCR for Babesia spp. (18S rRNA gene); one sequence showed to be closely related to Babesia vogeli. Thirty (48.38%) out of 62 Orinoco geese blood samples were positive in nested cPCR assays for Anaplasmataceae agents (16S rRNA gene): three for Anaplasma spp. and 27 for Ehrlichia. Six geese were simultaneously positive to Haemoproteus and Ehrlichia; three animals were co-positive to different Ehrlichia species/genotypes; and one goose sample was positive for both Anaplasma and Ehrlichia. The present work showed the occurrence of Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Babesia, Plasmodium, and Haemoproteus species in free-living N. jubata in Brazil. The threat of these arthropod-borne pathogens in Orinoco goose's fitness, especially during the breading season, should be assessed in the future.