RESUMO
BACKGROUND: PCV3 is a member of the Circovirus family, associated with disease and mortality in pigs. It is not clear whether PCV3 putatively causes clinical symptoms and disease. In the present case, we reported a gilt infected with PCV3 associated with reproductive failures, vertical transmission, tissue lesions, viral replication by in situ hybridization, and the hypothesis that some strains of PCV3 clade one are associated with reproductive failures at the field level. CASE PRESENTATION: In May 2019, a pig farm in Colombia reported increased reproductive failures, and the presence of PCV3 in gilts and sows was established in a single form or coinfections, mainly with PCV2 and PPV7. Ten sows with a single infection with PCV3 were found, and one gilt with a pre-farrowing serum viral load above 103 was studied. This gilt was followed up during the pre-farrowing, farrowing period and on her litter for 6 weeks. During dystocic farrowing, a mummy and ten piglets were released, including two weak-born piglets. The highest viral loads for PCV3 were found in the mummy and the placenta. In the weak-born piglets, there were viral loads both in serum and in tissues, mainly in the mesenteric ganglia and lung. Replication of PCV3 in these tissues was demonstrated by in situ hybridizations. PCV3 was also found in the precolostrum sera of piglets and colostrum, showing vertical transmission. The viral load in piglets decreased gradually until week six of life. The viral genome's complete sequencing was made from the mummy, and its analysis classified it as PCV3 clade one. CONCLUSIONS: This report confirms that PCV3 can cause disease at the field level, and putatively, in this case, we find the generation of reproductive failures. The ability of PCV3 to cause disease as a putative pathogen may be associated with the viral load present in the pig and the strain that is affecting the farm. For this case, we found that viral loads above 103 (4.93 log genomic copies / mL) in the gilt were associated with clinical manifestation and that some PCV3 strains belonging to clade one are more associated with the reproductive presentation.
Assuntos
Infecções por Circoviridae/veterinária , Circovirus/classificação , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/veterinária , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Aborto Animal/virologia , Animais , Infecções por Circoviridae/patologia , Infecções por Circoviridae/virologia , Circovirus/genética , Feminino , Feto/virologia , Filogenia , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Natimorto/veterinária , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/patologiaRESUMO
Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) is a recently emerged circovirus discovered in 2016 that has drawn the attention of the swine industry worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the genetic diversity of PCV3 strains on pig farms. A total of 261 samples from sows, weaning pigs, growing pigs, and stillborn/mummified fetuses were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. The results revealed that at least two main lineages of PCV3 are circulating in Brazil. For the first time, it was possible to detect the presence of two different PCV3 strains in the same host.
Assuntos
Infecções por Circoviridae/veterinária , Circovirus/genética , Coinfecção/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Infecções por Circoviridae/virologia , Circovirus/isolamento & purificação , Coinfecção/virologia , DNA Viral/genética , Fazendas , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Fases de Leitura Aberta/genética , Filogenia , Suínos , Carga ViralRESUMO
In the present study, the complete nucleotide sequence of porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) recovered from wild boars lymph nodes is described. The full genome was named PCV3-wb/Br/RS and comprises 2,000 nucleotides with two open reading frames (ORFs) with a stem-loop motif in intergenic region. The ORFs are oriented in opposite directions and encode the putative capsid (Cap) and replicase (Rep) proteins. Based on amino acid motif analysis, PCV3-wb/Br/RS as well as most of the sequences from wild boars are classified as PCV3b. Phylogenetic analysis including 97 PCV3 sequences available in databases showed that the PCV3-wb/Br/RS genome is more closely related to genomes recovered in Spain, China, Germany and Denmark. Phylogenetic inferences among PCV3-wb/Br/RS and other circoviruses confirmed that these seem to have a most recent common ancestor with bat-associated circoviruses. In addition, PCV3 infection was investigated by real-time PCR in a cohort of 80 wild boars in Southern Brazil. A total of 29 animals (36.3%) were PCV3-positive leading the conclusion that PCV3 is circulating in the wild boar population in Southern Brazil. The role played by PCV3-like infections in wild boars and the risk these could pose to commercial swine production within that region remains to be further investigated.
Assuntos
Infecções por Circoviridae/veterinária , Circovirus/genética , Genoma Viral , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Infecções por Circoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Circoviridae/virologia , Sus scrofa , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Canine Circovirus (CanineCV) is an emerging virus which since its first report in USA in 2012, it has been described worldwide. It was the second mammalian circovirus species identified in dogs and its role in canine enteritis is still being uncertain as much as its association in disease with the Canine Parvovirus-2 (CPV-2). Here, we aim to confirm for the first time the presence of CanineCV in Colombia and to develop phylogenetic evolutive analyses of CanineCV in CPV-2 positive animals. DNA from samples were extracted and PCR, full genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was performed to detect and characterize CanineCV. From a total of 30 CPV-2 positive samples, 16.6% (n = 5) were positives for CanineCV. Sequencing analysis of Colombian CanineCV wild-type strains displayed high identity to each other (99.5-99.7% nt; 99.7% aa). The full genome phylogenetic analysis confirmed that worldwide reported CanineCV strains were separated into four distinct genotypes in addition to a European origin of the South American CanineCV strains. This study demonstrated the importance of continue surveillance of emerging viruses in canine populations and confirm for the first time the circulation and origin of CanineCV in Colombia.
Assuntos
Infecções por Circoviridae/veterinária , Circovirus/genética , Doenças do Cão/virologia , Genoma Viral , Animais , Proteínas do Capsídeo/genética , Infecções por Circoviridae/virologia , Colômbia , Estudos Transversais , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Cães , Genômica , Genótipo , Funções Verossimilhança , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
Viral metagenomics coupled to high-throughput sequencing has provided a powerful tool for large-scale detection of known and unknown viruses associated to distinct hosts and environments. Using this approach, known and novel viruses have been characterized from sylvatic and commercial avian hosts, increasing our understanding of the viral diversity in these species. In the present work we applied an exploratory viral metagenomics on organs (spleen, liver and bursa of Fabricious) of Pekin ducks from Southern Brazil. The virome contained sequences related to a known duck pathogen (duck circovirus) and a number of other circular ssDNA viruses. Additionally, we detected avian gyrovirus 9 (to date detected only in human feces) and one new avian gyrovirus species, to which is proposed the name avian gyrovirus 13 (GyV13). This study is expected to contribute to the knowledge of the viral diversity in Pekin ducks.
Assuntos
Infecções por Circoviridae/veterinária , Circovirus/genética , Patos/virologia , Gyrovirus/genética , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/virologia , Animais , Brasil , Infecções por Circoviridae/virologia , Circovirus/classificação , Circovirus/isolamento & purificação , Genoma Viral , Gyrovirus/classificação , Gyrovirus/isolamento & purificação , FilogeniaRESUMO
Although porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is an economically important pathogen of swine, there is a lack of information on PCV2 from the Lesser Antilles. In this retrospective study, we report high rates of detection of PCV2 DNA in porcine faecal (41.3%, 26/63) and kidney (32.8%, 20/61) samples from the Lesser Antilles island of St. Kitts. Most of the PCV2-positive faecal samples were from diarrhoeic piglets (23/26), with 15 animals exhibiting stunted growth and/or weight loss. Although the PCV2-positive kidneys were from slaughter age, clinically healthy pigs, microscopically, various degrees of inflammation (mild, moderate or severe) were observed in 18 kidneys. Rotavirus-A, porcine parvovirus and torque teno sus virus were detected in 2, 4 and 14 PCV2-positive samples, respectively. The complete genomes of 18 St. Kitts PCV2 strains were amplified using three overlapping nested PCR assays designed in the present study. By phylogenetic analysis of PCV2 open reading frame 2 (ORF2) and complete genomes, 15 St. Kitts strains were assigned to genotype PCV2b. The remaining three PCV2 strains were identified as PCV2b-PCV2d recombinants, with the involvement of ORF2 in two of the strains. To our knowledge, this is the first report on detection and genotyping of PCV2 strains from the Lesser Antilles. Considering the significant contributions of pig farming to the regional livestock economy and increasing demand for local pork in the Lesser Antilles, our findings emphasize the importance of future studies on surveillance and genotyping of PCV2 in other Caribbean islands of the region.
Assuntos
Infecções por Circoviridae/veterinária , Circovirus/genética , DNA Viral/genética , Fezes/virologia , Genoma Viral/genética , Recombinação Genética , Doenças dos Suínos/diagnóstico , Animais , Infecções por Circoviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Circoviridae/virologia , Fazendas , Genômica , Genótipo , Fases de Leitura Aberta/genética , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Estudos Retrospectivos , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Índias OcidentaisRESUMO
In this study, we report the molecular diagnosis and retrospective study of porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) in frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded swine tissues (FFPE) collected from 1967 to 2018 in southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro states). Frozen tissues from 35 pigs and FFPE tissues from 143 pigs were tested by nested PCR, targeting the PCV3 partial capsid gene. Bidirectional sequencing of 16 positive samples was performed, followed by sequence analysis and haplotype networks. A total of 26/178 samples (14.6%) tested positive for PCV3: 14/35 (40%) frozen tissue and 12/143 (8.4%) FFPE tissue. PCV3 was detected in the 1960s, 1970s, 2000s, and 2010s with the characterization of types PCV3a and PCV3b. A star-like distribution was observed in the grid of haplotypes, with a low haplotype diversity and more recent dispersal of the virus. A total of 40% of asymptomatic animals considered fit for slaughter tested positive for PCV3. In conclusion, PCV3 DNA was detected over 51 years of study, prior to initial reports and, so far, the sample detected in 1967 is the oldest partial capsid sequence described. The circulation of two different genotypes was reported, suggesting more than one introduction event of this virus into Brazil. Moreover, taken together, our studies indicated an ancient origin of PCV3 and its circulation in asymptomatic animals in Brazilian herds.
Assuntos
Infecções por Circoviridae/veterinária , Circovirus/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Animais , Brasil , Proteínas do Capsídeo/genética , Infecções por Circoviridae/virologia , Circovirus/classificação , Circovirus/genética , Genótipo , Filogenia , Estudos Retrospectivos , SuínosRESUMO
Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) infections are related to a number of syndromes and clinical manifestations, generally known as Porcine circovirus-associated diseases, which are related to losses in the swine industry. There are commercially available vaccines and new vaccines being tested, however, persistency of the PCV2 as an important pig pathogen, and the growing number of affected farms in different countries have suggested that there is room for vaccine improvement. In this study, we describe the construction and testing of a recombinant live vaccine based on a modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vector expressing the PCV2b capsid protein (CAP). Using a two-dose homologous vaccination regimen, in mice, we demonstrated that the vaccine induced high titers of anti-PCV2 antibodies. The vaccine is stable upon lyophilization, and, together with the good immunogenicity potential observed, the results support further evaluation of the MVA-CAP vaccine in the target species.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Infecções por Circoviridae/veterinária , Circovirus/imunologia , Doenças dos Suínos/imunologia , Vaccinia virus/genética , Vacinas Virais/imunologia , Animais , Formação de Anticorpos , Infecções por Circoviridae/imunologia , Infecções por Circoviridae/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Circoviridae/virologia , Circovirus/genética , Imunização Secundária , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/prevenção & controle , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Vacinação , Vacinas Atenuadas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Atenuadas/genética , Vacinas Atenuadas/imunologia , Vaccinia virus/metabolismo , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Virais/genéticaRESUMO
Worldwide, many emerging porcine parvoviruses (PPVs) have been linked to porcine circovirus-2 (PCV2) associated disease (PCVAD), which includes post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), PCV2-related reproductive failure (PCV2-RF), as well as other syndromes. To determine the DNA prevalence of PPVs and their relationship with PMWS and PCV2-RF in Mexico, 170 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues were selected from archival collections to detect PPVs using a nested polymerase chain reaction. The tissues were composed of 50 PMWS cases, 20 age-matched tissues from healthy pigs, 56 PCV2-related reproductive failure (PCV2+ -RF) cases, and 44 PCV2- -RF cases. Overall, PPV2 and PPV6 were the most prevalent species (90.0% and 74.7%, respectively). In 8-11 week old pigs, the highest prevalence was for PPV6 and PPV3. Concerning reproductive failure, the PCV2-affected farms had a significantly higher prevalence for PPV6 (61.6%) and PPV5 (36.4%) than the PCV2-unaffected farms (35.0% and 5.0%, respectively). The concurrent infection rate was high, being significant for PPV2/PPV4 and PPV1/PPV5 within the PMWS cases and for PPV6/PPV5 among the PCV2+ -RF tissues. PPV5 showed a significant relationship with PMWS, whereas PPV5 and PPV6 were significant for PCVAD. The prevalence and coinfection rate of PPVs in Mexico were markedly higher than that described in other countries, denoting that PPV5 and PPV6 might have a potential role in PCVAD in Mexico. It is concluded that it is likely that the density population of pigs in Mexico is contributing to high PPV inter-species and PCV2 coinfections which might lead to a different pathogenic outcome.