RESUMO
An adult female Leopardus pardalis from Jardín Botánico y Zoológico de Asunción, Paraguay was brought in from the wild, and inspected for a parasitic structure attached to the vulva. The parasite was removed and was identified as a Dioctophyme renale female. Blood samples and ultrasound did not show abnormalities in any organ, confirming the ectopic presentation of the parasite. This is the first report of D. renale in the L. pardalis and a first time for ectopic location in vagina and spontaneous elimination in a felid.
Assuntos
Carnívoros , Dioctophymatoidea , Infecções por Enoplida , Felidae , Animais , Infecções por Enoplida/parasitologia , Infecções por Enoplida/veterinária , Feminino , Paraguai/epidemiologiaRESUMO
A case of abdominal dioctophymosis in a domestic cat was found in San Juan Bautista district, the Peruvian rainforest, in the Loreto department of Peru. The pet went to a veterinary clinic for a routine ovariohysterectomy during which a large nematode was found in the abdominal cavity. The nematode was morphologically identified as an adult female of Dioctophyme sp. A few morphological parameters, such as the vagina distance from the anterior part and the egg size, were different than D. renale. Partial sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) and the small subunit 18S ribosomal RNA genes were compared with the references from public sequence database and showed a genetic identifies of 89.25% and 99.65% with D. renale, respectively. This is the first mitochondrial molecular analysis of a Dioctophyme specimen from South America and the results showed up to 12.5% nucleotide sequence variation in cox 1 gene of D. renale.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/parasitologia , Dioctophymatoidea/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Enoplida/veterinária , Infecções Intra-Abdominais/veterinária , Animais , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico , Gatos , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1/análise , Dioctophymatoidea/classificação , Infecções por Enoplida/diagnóstico , Infecções por Enoplida/parasitologia , Feminino , Proteínas de Helminto/análise , Infecções Intra-Abdominais/diagnóstico , Infecções Intra-Abdominais/parasitologia , Peru , RNA de Helmintos/análise , RNA Ribossômico 18S/análise , Floresta Úmida , Análise de Sequência de DNA/veterinária , Análise de Sequência de RNA/veterináriaRESUMO
Parasitism is an important factor in conservation worldwide, especially for endangered species, as it can affect host populations by reducing growth rates, fecundity and affecting nutritional status. The maned wolf Chrysocyon brachyurus, a near-threatened species, is distributed across different habitats from the south Amazonian forest in Brazil to northern Argentina, Paraguay and eastern Bolivia. Most studies on gastrointestinal parasites in wild maned wolves are based on coprological findings, and there is little information about adult parasites and parasite species richness. Therefore, this study aims to expand the knowledge about the helminth infracommunity of a maned wolf, describe adult parasites, and explore parasitic coinfections. We performed a necropsy of an adult individual found road killed in Chaco province, Argentina. We collected adult worms from subcutaneous tissues, from the right ventricle, kidneys, and intestine. The parasites were morphologically identified as Dirofilaria immitis, Dioctophyma renale and Spirometra sp. respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first record for adults of Dirofilaria immitis in maned wolves. Filarioids were located within the heart as well as in subcutaneous tissues with mature females containing uterine microfilariae; this study also adds C. brachyurus as a new host for Spirometra sp. in Argentina. Considering that the three helminths found herein are zoonotic and that the maned wolf is an endangered canid, it is essential provide baseline information to determine the risk factors involved in the transmission and extend the studies to sympatric wild and domestic canids in the area.
Assuntos
Canidae , Infecções por Cestoides/veterinária , Dirofilariose/parasitologia , Infecções por Enoplida/veterinária , Animais , Argentina , Infecções por Cestoides/parasitologia , Dioctophymatoidea/isolamento & purificação , Dirofilaria immitis/isolamento & purificação , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Infecções por Enoplida/parasitologia , Feminino , Masculino , Spirometra/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to search for ancient parasites in abdominal content and coprolites from Bolivian mummies. MATERIALS: Twelve mummified individuals from the Andean highlands, housed at the National Museum of Archaeology (MUNARQ) in La Paz, Bolivia. METHODS: Microscopic analysis of rehydrated samples (coprolites and abdominal content), following Lutz's spontaneous sedimentation technique. RESULTS: Eggs of Enterobius vermicularis were identified in coprolites from one mummy, and capillariid eggs in the organic abdominal content from another individual. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first evidence of ancient intestinal parasites in Bolivian mummies. SIGNIFICANCE: This pioneering study focused on the search of ancient intestinal parasites in human remains of the Bolivian Andes and contributes to greater knowledge of paleoparasitology in South America. LIMITATIONS: All mummies in the MUNARQ belonged to the Andean Bolivian highlands (post-Tiwanaku era or Late Intermediate Period), although the exact provenance of the material and the associated contexts are not well recorded. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH: Considering the great number of well-known archaeological sites and other unexplored sites in Bolivia, in addition to large collections in museums, further paleopathological and paleoparasitological molecular studies in mummies and skeletons are called for.
Assuntos
Infecções por Enoplida/parasitologia , Enterobíase/parasitologia , Indígenas Sul-Americanos/história , Múmias/parasitologia , Abdome/parasitologia , Adulto , Animais , Bolívia , Enoplídios/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Enoplida/história , Enterobíase/história , Enterobius/isolamento & purificação , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , História Antiga , Humanos , Enteropatias Parasitárias/história , Enteropatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Estágios do Ciclo de Vida/fisiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Múmias/história , PaleopatologiaRESUMO
Capillaria spp. infections of the urinary tract of domestic carnivores are uncommon worldwide. Infections are rarely diagnosed and are typically asymptomatic. This study aimed to evaluate a case of capillariosis in a cat from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A seven-year-old female cat with apathy and reduced appetite was presented. Urine analysis revealed C. plica eggs in urine sediment, and cystitis was evidenced by the presence of bacteria, pyuria, proteinuria and hematuria. The subject was treated with 50â¯mg/kg fenbendazole for five days. Urine samples were frozen for molecular analysis and species confirmation. Polymerase chain reaction for amplification of the 18S rRNA gene followed by sequencing confirmed the occurrence of Capillaria sp. There has been limited phylogenetic study of Capillaria spp. in cats, so further studies are needed to identify the species present in different locations and associated with feline pathogenesis.
Assuntos
Capillaria/isolamento & purificação , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico , Infecções por Enoplida/veterinária , Infecções Urinárias/veterinária , Animais , Antinematódeos/uso terapêutico , Brasil , Doenças do Gato/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Gato/parasitologia , Gatos , Infecções por Enoplida/diagnóstico , Infecções por Enoplida/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Enoplida/parasitologia , Feminino , Fenbendazol/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento , Infecções Urinárias/diagnóstico , Infecções Urinárias/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Urinárias/parasitologiaRESUMO
This article reports the case of a domestic dog naturally coinfected with the nematode Dioctophyme renale and with the protozoan Leishmania infantum. The dog exhibited no clinical signs but had normocytic hypochromic anemia, hyperproteinemia, hyperglobulinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hematuria. Necropsy revealed eight D. renale specimens in the abdominal cavity and in right kidney whose parenchyma was atrophied. Histopathological analysis showed glomerular atrophy, fibrosis and a marked diffuse pyogranulomatous inflammatory infiltrate in the right kidney. Moderate multifocal granulomatous peritonitis was observed in the greater omentum. Several Dioctophyme renale eggs were present amidst the inflammatory infiltrate of the right kidney and greater omentum. Leishmania infantum parasites were detected in perirenal adipose tissue of the right kidney, greater omentum, spleen, bone marrow, and popliteal lymph node. The high D. renale load and the severe and uncommon histological alterations associated with the eggs of this parasite may have been influenced by coinfection with L. infantum.
Assuntos
Coinfecção/veterinária , Dioctophymatoidea/isolamento & purificação , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Infecções por Enoplida/veterinária , Leishmania infantum/isolamento & purificação , Leishmaniose/veterinária , Animais , Brasil , Coinfecção/parasitologia , Coinfecção/patologia , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Cães , Infecções por Enoplida/parasitologia , Infecções por Enoplida/patologia , Leishmaniose/parasitologia , Leishmaniose/patologia , Masculino , Carga ParasitáriaRESUMO
Dioctophymosis is caused by Dioctophyme renale, nematode with indirect life cycle. Its intermediate host is a freshwater oligochaete and its definitive host is a wild or household carnivore. The adult nematode develops in the definite host, generally locating itself in the kidney. This article was meant to describe the first nephrectomy performed in a domestic cat due to renal dioctophymosis in Argentina. The subject showed a non-specific appearance of generally feeling ill, hematuria and mild diarrhea. It was diagnosed through abdominal ultrasound, followed by exploratory celiotomy and nephrectomy. After verifying absence of free specimens, the right kidney was removed. This organ was found to be enlarged in a spheroidal manner in contrast to the left kidney, with significant thickening of the renal capsule, excessive congestion of vessels and adhesions involving the caudal vena cava. An adult nematode was removed from the right kidney and identified as Dioctophyme renale. Reports of feline dioctophymosis are scarce being most of them necropsy findings. In this we are presenting a confirmed case of D. renale removed by surgery from a live cat. The results presented here reinforces the fact that cats are also appropriate definitive hosts for this parasite.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico , Doenças do Gato/cirurgia , Dioctophymatoidea/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Enoplida/veterinária , Nefrectomia/veterinária , Animais , Argentina , Doenças do Gato/parasitologia , Gatos , Infecções por Enoplida/diagnóstico , Infecções por Enoplida/parasitologia , Infecções por Enoplida/cirurgia , Rim/parasitologia , Masculino , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Background: Dioctophimosis is a parasitic disease caused by Dioctophyma renale, more commonly known as giantKidney worm, and can be found in other organs or free in the abdominal cavity, which is related to the patients eatinghabits. Most of the animals affected are asymptomatic. The diagnosis is made through ultrasonography, finding eggs ofthe parasite in the urine, or necropsy. The treatment of choice is nephrectomy of the affected kidney. We aimed to reportthe accidental diagnosis of parasitism by D. renale in an 8-year-old dog, which was surgically treated by nephrectomy ofthe right kidney after evident destruction of the renal parenchyma on ultrasonography.Case: An 8-year-old Boxer female dog underwent a physical examination and showed a mass in the region of the left caudal thoracic breast, bilateral alopecia on flanks, and purulent ocular secretions. Laboratory tests of complete blood count(CBC) and serum biochemical profile, X-ray examination, and ultrasonography were requested. Anemia was observedon the erythrogram, and enzymes (creatinine, urea, alanine aminotransferase [ALT], and albumin) were within normallimits. There were no abnormalities on X-ray examination, and abdominal ultrasonography showed slight splenomegaly,enlarged left kidney, reduced corticomedullary region, measuring approximately 7.63 cm longitudinally. In the rightkidney, loss of the renal parenchyma, measuring approximately 5.49 cm in diameter and the presence of a cylindrical androunded structure, typical of D. renale infection. After this, a urinalysis was suggested, which revealed the presence ofthe helminthic eggs, confirming the diagnosis. The owner was informed about the need for nephrectomy of the affectedkidney as treatment. The kidney showed destruction of the renal parenchyma. A single parasite was removed, measuringapproximately 46 cm in length. The patient was successfully treated and was hospitalized for...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Infecções por Enoplida/parasitologia , Infecções por Enoplida/cirurgia , Infecções por Enoplida/veterinária , Dioctophymatoidea , Tecido Parenquimatoso , Nefrectomia/veterinária , NematoidesRESUMO
Brazil stands out by the diverse records of Dioctopphyme renale in different hosts; however, there is little information about the life cycle of the nematode in the region. This study aims to report on third-stage larvae infections in fish in southern Brazil. In this context, 324 fish of different species belonging to Characiformes, Cyprinodontiformes and Siluriformes were collected in an urban area of Rio Grande do Sul State, where domestic and wild hosts were reported with the nematode. Of the total fish examined, 25(7.7%) were found to be parasitized by third-stage larvae of D. renale which were found encysted in the stomach serous membrane and in the celoma cavity of Hoplosternum littorale (Siluriformes) with a prevalence of 53.2% (25/47) and mean intensity of infection of 4.4 larvae/host (1 to 13 larvae). The occurrence of larvae in H. littorale indicates the presence of parasitosis in the region; however, the contribution of this fish species as a source of infection for dogs in urban areas must be considered with caution given the difficulties these dogs may face in the capture and predation of the fish to the point of effectively maintaining the urban cycle of D. renale. In addition, the low level of larvae registered in the total sample of fish examined indicates that these hosts are unlikely to play an important role in the transmission of D. renale to domestic animals in the region of the study.
Assuntos
Peixes-Gato/parasitologia , Dioctophymatoidea/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Infecções por Enoplida/veterinária , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Estágios do Ciclo de Vida , Animais , Brasil , Caraciformes/parasitologia , Cidades , Ciprinodontiformes/parasitologia , Dioctophymatoidea/anatomia & histologia , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Doenças do Cão/transmissão , Cães , Infecções por Enoplida/parasitologia , Infecções por Enoplida/transmissão , Feminino , Água Doce , Larva/anatomia & histologia , MasculinoRESUMO
Background: Dioctophimosis is a parasitic disease caused by Dioctophyma renale, more commonly known as giantKidney worm, and can be found in other organs or free in the abdominal cavity, which is related to the patients eatinghabits. Most of the animals affected are asymptomatic. The diagnosis is made through ultrasonography, finding eggs ofthe parasite in the urine, or necropsy. The treatment of choice is nephrectomy of the affected kidney. We aimed to reportthe accidental diagnosis of parasitism by D. renale in an 8-year-old dog, which was surgically treated by nephrectomy ofthe right kidney after evident destruction of the renal parenchyma on ultrasonography.Case: An 8-year-old Boxer female dog underwent a physical examination and showed a mass in the region of the left caudal thoracic breast, bilateral alopecia on flanks, and purulent ocular secretions. Laboratory tests of complete blood count(CBC) and serum biochemical profile, X-ray examination, and ultrasonography were requested. Anemia was observedon the erythrogram, and enzymes (creatinine, urea, alanine aminotransferase [ALT], and albumin) were within normallimits. There were no abnormalities on X-ray examination, and abdominal ultrasonography showed slight splenomegaly,enlarged left kidney, reduced corticomedullary region, measuring approximately 7.63 cm longitudinally. In the rightkidney, loss of the renal parenchyma, measuring approximately 5.49 cm in diameter and the presence of a cylindrical androunded structure, typical of D. renale infection. After this, a urinalysis was suggested, which revealed the presence ofthe helminthic eggs, confirming the diagnosis. The owner was informed about the need for nephrectomy of the affectedkidney as treatment. The kidney showed destruction of the renal parenchyma. A single parasite was removed, measuringapproximately 46 cm in length. The patient was successfully treated and was hospitalized for...