RESUMO
Probiotics form a promising strategy to maintain intestinal health. Milks fermented with probiotic strains, such as the Lactobacillus paracasei ST11, are largely commercialized in Brazil and form a low-cost alternative to probiotic pharmaceutical formulations. In this study, we assessed the probiotic effects of milk fermented by L. paracasei ST11 (administered through fermented milk) in a Salmonella typhimurium infection model in BALB/c mice. We observed in this murine model that the applied probiotic conferred protective effects against S. typhimurium infection, since its administration reduced mortality, weight loss, translocation to target organs (liver and spleen) and ileum injury. Moreover, a reduction in the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-17 in animals that received the probiotic before challenge was observed. Additionally, the ileum microbiota was better preserved in these animals. The present study highlights a multifactorial protective aspect of this commercial probiotic strain against a common gastrointestinal pathogen.
Assuntos
Produtos Fermentados do Leite , Resistência à Doença/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Lacticaseibacillus paracasei/fisiologia , Probióticos/farmacologia , Infecções por Salmonella/prevenção & controle , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Dieta , Resistência à Doença/genética , Resistência à Doença/imunologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/imunologia , Íleo/efeitos dos fármacos , Íleo/imunologia , Íleo/microbiologia , Interferon gama/genética , Interferon gama/imunologia , Interleucina-17/genética , Interleucina-17/imunologia , Interleucina-6/genética , Interleucina-6/imunologia , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/imunologia , Fígado/microbiologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Infecções por Salmonella/imunologia , Infecções por Salmonella/microbiologia , Infecções por Salmonella/mortalidade , Salmonella typhimurium/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella typhimurium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Salmonella typhimurium/patogenicidade , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/imunologia , Baço/microbiologia , Análise de Sobrevida , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologiaRESUMO
The mortality of patients with mycotic aneurysms is high, especially in East Asia, and infection by Salmonella species is the most common. Our study aimed to improve prognosis of adult mycotic aneurysms with early diagnosis and accurate treatment. Four adult patients with mycotic aneurysm caused by Salmonella were included and analyzed by single-center retrospective analysis. Cases reported in the literature during the past 10 years were also summarized. The average age of the 4 male patients was 61.25 years, while that of the 53 cases reported in the literature was 65.13 years. Hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis were common complications. Most patients presented fever and experienced pain at the corresponding position of the aneurysm. Laboratory examination found an increased number of white blood cells accompanied by an increase in inflammatory markers. Most aneurysms were found in the abdominal aorta, while the rupture of an aneurysm was the most common complication. The mortality rates were 21.43 and 7.14% after open surgery or endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) intervention, respectively. The recurrence rates of infection were 0 and 17.85% for both treatments, respectively. The mortality rate of mycotic aneurysm caused by Salmonella infection was high in middle-aged males with hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. The possibility of a Salmonella-infected aneurysm should be considered in these high-risk groups presenting chills, fever, chest, and back pain. Open surgery was superior to EVAR treatment in the clearance of infected foci and the reduction of postoperative recurrence. The recurrence of postoperative infection can be prevented by intravenous antibiotic therapy for 6 weeks post-surgery.
Assuntos
Aneurisma Infectado/microbiologia , Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica/microbiologia , Infecções por Salmonella/complicações , Aneurisma Infectado/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma Infectado/mortalidade , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica/tratamento farmacológico , Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica/mortalidade , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Salmonella/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecções por Salmonella/mortalidade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
The mortality of patients with mycotic aneurysms is high, especially in East Asia, and infection by Salmonella species is the most common. Our study aimed to improve prognosis of adult mycotic aneurysms with early diagnosis and accurate treatment. Four adult patients with mycotic aneurysm caused by Salmonella were included and analyzed by single-center retrospective analysis. Cases reported in the literature during the past 10 years were also summarized. The average age of the 4 male patients was 61.25 years, while that of the 53 cases reported in the literature was 65.13 years. Hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis were common complications. Most patients presented fever and experienced pain at the corresponding position of the aneurysm. Laboratory examination found an increased number of white blood cells accompanied by an increase in inflammatory markers. Most aneurysms were found in the abdominal aorta, while the rupture of an aneurysm was the most common complication. The mortality rates were 21.43 and 7.14% after open surgery or endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) intervention, respectively. The recurrence rates of infection were 0 and 17.85% for both treatments, respectively. The mortality rate of mycotic aneurysm caused by Salmonella infection was high in middle-aged males with hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. The possibility of a Salmonella-infected aneurysm should be considered in these high-risk groups presenting chills, fever, chest, and back pain. Open surgery was superior to EVAR treatment in the clearance of infected foci and the reduction of postoperative recurrence. The recurrence of postoperative infection can be prevented by intravenous antibiotic therapy for 6 weeks post-surgery.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Salmonella/complicações , Aneurisma Infectado/microbiologia , Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica/microbiologia , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Salmonella/mortalidade , Infecções por Salmonella/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma Infectado/mortalidade , Aneurisma Infectado/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Fatores de Risco , Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica/mortalidade , Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica/tratamento farmacológico , Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica/diagnóstico por imagem , Antibacterianos/uso terapêuticoAssuntos
Surtos de Doenças/história , Dinâmica Populacional/história , Infecções por Salmonella/história , Infecções por Salmonella/mortalidade , Salmonella enterica/genética , Salmonella enterica/isolamento & purificação , DNA Bacteriano/análise , DNA Bacteriano/genética , História do Século XVI , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Infecções por Salmonella/microbiologia , Salmonella enterica/classificaçãoRESUMO
Intestinal pathogens are exposed to various stress conditions during their infectious cycle. Anaerobiosis, one of such hostile condition, is offered by the host within gut and intestinal lumen, where survival, multiplication and entry into intestinal epithelial cells are priority for the invasion of the pathogen. The fumarate reductase (frdABCD), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) reductase (dmsABC), and nitrate reductase (narGHIJ) operons in Salmonella Typhimurium (STM) encode enzymes involved in anaerobic respiration to the electron acceptors fumarate, DMSO, TMAO, and nitrate, respectively. They are regulated in response to nitrate and oxygen availability and changes in cell growth rate. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is synthesized by Salmonella Typhimurium only under anaerobic growth conditions used as a cofactor in four known reactions. The deletion of cobS and cbiA genes prevent any form of cobalamin production. In the present study we evaluate the infection of birds by mutants of STM, with the anaerobic respiratory system committed by mutations in the genes: narG, napA, cobS, cbiA, frdA, dmsA, and torC. Virulence was assessed by oral inoculation of groups of one-day-old broilers with 0.1 mL of culture contained 108 colony forming units (CFU)/mL or diluted at 10-3 and 10-2 of strains mutants of Salmonella Typhimurium. Clinical signs and mortality were recorded over a period of 21 days. In general, the symptoms of chickens infected with the mutant strains were similar to those presenting by control birds. Except for STMNalr _cbiA, all showed reduced capacity to cause mortality in comparison with the original strain. The mortality of group of chickens infected with STMNalr _narG, STMNalr _frdA, STMNalr _dmsA and STMNalr _cobS_cbiA showed significant decrease in mortality compared to control group (p<0.05).
Assuntos
Animais , Infecções por Salmonella/diagnóstico , Infecções por Salmonella/induzido quimicamente , Infecções por Salmonella/mortalidadeRESUMO
Intestinal pathogens are exposed to various stress conditions during their infectious cycle. Anaerobiosis, one of such hostile condition, is offered by the host within gut and intestinal lumen, where survival, multiplication and entry into intestinal epithelial cells are priority for the invasion of the pathogen. The fumarate reductase (frdABCD), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) reductase (dmsABC), and nitrate reductase (narGHIJ) operons in Salmonella Typhimurium (STM) encode enzymes involved in anaerobic respiration to the electron acceptors fumarate, DMSO, TMAO, and nitrate, respectively. They are regulated in response to nitrate and oxygen availability and changes in cell growth rate. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is synthesized by Salmonella Typhimurium only under anaerobic growth conditions used as a cofactor in four known reactions. The deletion of cobS and cbiA genes prevent any form of cobalamin production. In the present study we evaluate the infection of birds by mutants of STM, with the anaerobic respiratory system committed by mutations in the genes: narG, napA, cobS, cbiA, frdA, dmsA, and torC. Virulence was assessed by oral inoculation of groups of one-day-old broilers with 0.1 mL of culture contained 108 colony forming units (CFU)/mL or diluted at 10-3 and 10-2 of strains mutants of Salmonella Typhimurium. Clinical signs and mortality were recorded over a period of 21 days. In general, the symptoms of chickens infected with the mutant strains were similar to those presenting by control birds. Except for STMNalr _cbiA, all showed reduced capacity to cause mortality in comparison with the original strain. The mortality of group of chickens infected with STMNalr _narG, STMNalr _frdA, STMNalr _dmsA and STMNalr _cobS_cbiA showed significant decrease in mortality compared to control group (p<0.05). (AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Infecções por Salmonella/induzido quimicamente , Infecções por Salmonella/diagnóstico , Infecções por Salmonella/mortalidadeRESUMO
The aim of this study was to compare three different selective enrichment broths: Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV), selenite cystine (SC) and Muller-Kauffmann tetrathionate (MKT) for Salmonella Dublin isolation from faecal samples of calf experimentally infected. The bacteriological procedure involved pre-enrichment stages in Hajna-GN broth (only for the samples inoculated in RV broth), selective enrichment, culture in modified brilliant green agar (BGA), presumptive biochemistry tests (using triple-sugar-iron agar and lysine-agar) and slide agglutination test with poli-O and poli-H Salmonella antiserum. The effects of enrichment temperatures using RV broth were also evaluated (37ºC and 42ºC). SC broth was significantly more efficient in the isolation of Salmonella Dublin (P<0,05), whereas RV broth incubated at 42ºC had a lower efficiency in the microbiological isolation.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Salmonelose Animal , Selenito de Sódio/efeitos adversos , Bovinos , Infecções por Salmonella/microbiologia , Infecções por Salmonella/mortalidadeRESUMO
The aim of this study was to compare three different selective enrichment broths: Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV), selenite cystine (SC) and Muller-Kauffmann tetrathionate (MKT) for Salmonella Dublin isolation from faecal samples of calf experimentally infected. The bacteriological procedure involved pre-enrichment stages in Hajna-GN broth (only for the samples inoculated in RV broth), selective enrichment, culture in modified brilliant green agar (BGA), presumptive biochemistry tests (using triple-sugar-iron agar and lysine-agar) and slide agglutination test with poli-O and poli-H Salmonella antiserum. The effects of enrichment temperatures using RV broth were also evaluated (37ºC and 42ºC). SC broth was significantly more efficient in the isolation of Salmonella Dublin (P<0,05), whereas RV broth incubated at 42ºC had a lower efficiency in the microbiological isolation.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Infecções por Salmonella/microbiologia , Infecções por Salmonella/mortalidade , Salmonelose Animal , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Selenito de Sódio/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Se realizó el estudio con el objetivo de determinar el efecto de la Cynara scolymus L. (alcachofa) frente a un desafio experimental con Salmonella pullorum en pollos. Se utilizaron 105 pollitos BB de línea Cobb distribuidos en 03 grupos, las dosis utilizadas fueron: grupo experimental 01: 100mg de Cynara scolymus L/kilogramo de alimento; grupo experimental 02: 200 mg de Cynara Scolymus L/kilogramo de alimento y grupo control sólo con dieta básica. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron de los animales que recibieron en la dieta 200mg, de Cynara scolymus L. por kilogramo de alimento, los cuales obtuvieron una mejor protección contra Salmonella pullorum comparando los resultados con los animales del grupo control que sólo recibieron dieta básica. La mortalidad producida por Salmonella pollorum se observó en el grupo control con 88,7 por ciento el grupo experimental 01: 8,5 por ciento y el grupo experimental 02: 8,5 por ciento. Se concluye que la adición de Cynara scolymus L en diferentes dosis a la dieta incrementada los niveles de anticuerpos, aumentando la resistencia a la infección con Salmonella pullorum, además la adición de Cynara scolymus L disminuye significativamente el pH del intestino evitando la colonización de la bacteria.
The study was conducted to determine the effect of the Cynara scolymus L. (artichoke), compare with experimental challenge with Salmonella pullorum in chickens. 105 chicks were used BB the line Cobb distributed in 03 groups, the doses used were: experimental group 01: 100mg of Cynara scolymus L / kg of food; experimental group 02: 200 mg of Cynara Scolymus L / kilogram of food and group control with only basic diet. The best results were obtained from animals that received 200mg in the diet Cynara scolymus L. for kilogram of food, which had better protection against Salmonella pullorum comparing the results with animals in the control group who only received basic diet. The mortality caused by Salmonella pollorum was observed in the control group with 88.7 per cent the experimental group 01: 8.5 per cent and 02 experimental group : 8.5 per cent . We conclude that the addition of Cynara scolymus L in different doses to the diet increases levels o antibidies, increasing resistance to infection with Salmonella pullorum, plus the addition of Cynara scolymus L significantly lowers the pH of the intestine colonization o avoiding the bacterium.
Assuntos
Animais , Alimentos , Cynara scolymus , Galinhas , Infecções por Salmonella , Infecções por Salmonella/mortalidade , SalmonellaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk factors for mortality in extraintestinal nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) infections in infants and children. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 107 patients with at least one nonfecal culture for NTS seen from January 1988 to December 1995. RESULTS: The median age was 12 (range 1-216) months. Malnutrition was found in 55 patients (51%), and 22 (20%) displayed severe features (weight loss >40%). Seventy-two patients (67%) had previously been hospitalized, and 59 (55%) had received antibiotics during the month before admission. Fever (85%) and diarrhea (56%) were the most frequent clinical manifestations. Nineteen children (18%) had leukopenia. Forty-nine patients (46%) had only bacteremia, 33 (31%) bacteremia with focal infections, and 25 (23%) focal infections with negative blood cultures. Forty-seven strains (44%) were multiresistant, and 40 of them were nosocomially acquired. Eight patients (7%) had received inappropriate antibiotic treatment, and two of them died. Thirteen (12%) children died. Age, underlying disease, previous admission, previous antibiotic therapy, type of infection, susceptibility of the strains and inappropriate antibiotic treatment were not statistically significant risk factors for mortality. A logistic regression analysis selected the following variables as independently influencing outcome: malnutrition (P<0.01), leukopenia (P<0.002) and presence of diarrhea (P<0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Children with extraintestinal infections by NTS with leukopenia, malnutrition and presence of diarrhea have a higher risk of death.