RESUMO
The present study reports the occurrence of rotavirus A (RVA), rotavirus D (RVD), rotavirus F (RVF), rotavirus G (RVG), and picobirnavirus (PBV) in fecal specimens of wild (n = 22), and exotic birds (n = 1) from different cities of Pará state. These animals were hospitalized at Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Pará, Brazil, in a period from January 2018 to June 2019. The animals exhibited different clinical signs, such as diarrhea, malnutrition, dehydration, and fractures. The results showed 39.1% (9/23) of positivity for RVA by RT-qPCR. Among these, one sample (1/9) for the NSP3 gene of T2 genotype was characterized. About 88.9% (8/9) for the VP7 gene belonging to G1, G3 equine like and G6 genotypes, and 55.5% (5/9) for the VP4 gene of P[2] genotype were obtained. In the current study, approximately 4.5% of the samples (1/23) revealed coinfection for the RVA, RVD and RVF groups. Furthermore, picobirnavirus (PBV) was detected in one of the 23 samples tested, and was classified in the Genogroup I. The findings represent the first report of RVA, RVD, RVF, RVG, and PBV genotypes in wild birds in Brazil, and due to wide distribution it can implies potential impacts of RVs, and PBVs on avian health, and other animals contributing to construction of new knowledge, and care perspectives.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/virologia , Picobirnavirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/veterinária , Infecções por Rotavirus/veterinária , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Animais Selvagens , Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Aves , Brasil/epidemiologia , Fezes/virologia , Genótipo , Filogenia , Picobirnavirus/genética , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/epidemiologia , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/virologia , Rotavirus/genética , Infecções por Rotavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Rotavirus/virologiaRESUMO
Viruses play a primary role as etiological agents of pandemics worldwide. Although there has been progress in identifying the molecular features of both viruses and hosts, the extent of the impact these and other factors have that contribute to interspecies transmission and their relationship with the emergence of diseases are poorly understood. The objective of this review was to analyze the factors related to the characteristics inherent to RNA viruses accountable for pandemics in the last 20 years which facilitate infection, promote interspecies jump, and assist in the generation of zoonotic infections with pandemic potential. The search resulted in 48 research articles that met the inclusion criteria. Changes adopted by RNA viruses are influenced by environmental and host-related factors, which define their ability to adapt. Population density, host distribution, migration patterns, and the loss of natural habitats, among others, have been associated as factors in the virus-host interaction. This review also included a critical analysis of the Latin American context, considering its diverse and unique social, cultural, and biodiversity characteristics. The scarcity of scientific information is striking, thus, a call to local institutions and governments to invest more resources and efforts to the study of these factors in the region is key.
Assuntos
Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Pandemias/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/transmissão , Vírus de RNA/patogenicidade , Zoonoses Virais/transmissão , Animais , Genoma Viral , Humanos , América Latina/epidemiologia , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/epidemiologia , Vírus de RNA/genéticaRESUMO
Picobirnavirus (PBV) is a small two-segmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus that has been identified in diarrheic feces of a large range of animal hosts, including humans. For this reason, PBV has been recognized as an opportunistic agent of gastrointestinal disease. Even under these circumstances, there is a lack of studies regarding this pathogen. Not outstanding, in Brazil, the single description of the PBV occurrence in pigs was provided in the 1980s. Hence, this study aimed to verify the PBV occurrence in Brazilian swine farms and to perform molecular characterization of the identified strains. High genetic variability was found in the analyzed sequences. Further studies comprehending the infection of swine by PBV in Brazilian herds should be performed to provide more accurate information on its epidemiology and to discuss the role of the virus in gastrointestinal diseases.
Assuntos
Picobirnavirus , Infecções por Vírus de RNA , Doenças dos Suínos , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Fezes , Filogenia , Picobirnavirus/genética , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/epidemiologia , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/veterinária , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
We report here high rates (75.38%, 49/65) of detection of genogroup I (GI) PBVs in diarrheic pigs on the Caribbean island of St. Kitts. High quality gene segment-2 sequences encoding a significant region (~350 amino acid (aa) residues) of the putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) were obtained for 23 PBV strains. The porcine PBV strains from St. Kitts exhibited high genetic diversity among themselves (deduced aa identities of 56-100%) and with other PBVs (maximum deduced aa identities of 64-97%), and retained the three domains that are conserved in putative RdRps of PBVs. The nearly complete gene segment-2 sequence (full-length minus partial 3'- untranslated region) of a porcine PBV strain (strain PO36 from St. Kitts) that is closely related (deduced aa identities of 96-97%) to simian and human GI PBVs was determined using a combination of the non-specific primer-based amplification method and conventional RT-PCR. The complete putative RdRp sequence of strain PO36 preserved the various features that are maintained in PBVs from various species. For the first time, several co-circulating PBV strains from pigs were characterized for a significant region (~350 aa) of the putative RdRp, providing important insights into the genetic diversity of PBVs in a porcine population. Taken together, these observations corroborated growing evidence that PBVs can be highly prevalent and show limited correlation globally with host species or geography. This is the first report on detection of PBVs in pigs from the Caribbean region.
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Picobirnavirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Diarreia/veterinária , Diarreia/virologia , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica , Regulação Viral da Expressão Gênica , Picobirnavirus/genética , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/epidemiologia , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/virologia , RNA Polimerase Dependente de RNA/genética , RNA Polimerase Dependente de RNA/metabolismo , São Cristóvão e Névis/epidemiologia , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The Argentine ant (Linepithema humile, Mayr) is a highly invasive species. Recently, several RNA viruses have been identified in samples from invasive Argentine ant colonies. Using quantitative PCR, we investigated variation in the levels of these viruses in the main European supercolony over the course of a year. We discovered that virus prevalence and amounts of viral RNA were affected by season and caste: ants had more virus types during warm versus cold months, and queens had more virus types and higher virus prevalence than did workers or males. This seasonal variation was largely due to the appearance of positive-strand RNA viruses in the summer and their subsequent disappearance in the winter. The prevalences of positive-strand RNA viruses were positively correlated with worker foraging activity. We hypothesise that during warmer months, ants are more active and more numerous and, as a result, they have more conspecific and heterospecific interactions that promote virus transmission.
Assuntos
Formigas/virologia , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/epidemiologia , Vírus de RNA/genética , Estações do Ano , Animais , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Feminino , Espécies Introduzidas , Masculino , Prevalência , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/transmissão , RNA Viral/genética , RNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Fatores Sexuais , TemperaturaAssuntos
Polineuropatias/diagnóstico , Polineuropatias/epidemiologia , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/diagnóstico , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Vírus Chikungunya , Vírus da Dengue , Surtos de Doenças , Humanos , Polineuropatias/terapia , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/terapia , Zika virusRESUMO
This study reports the detection by RT-PCR and molecular characterization of partial RdRp gene of picobirnavirus (PBV) dsRNA in fecal samples (nâ¯=â¯100) from a meat sheep flock in southern Brazil. The analysis of the results allowed the identification of two important characteristics of PBV infection. The first was the high frequency of infection in the sheep flock evaluated where 62% of the analyzed fecal samples were PBV-positive. The second was the high genetic variability found in field strains of ovine PBV genogroup I circulating in animals of the same sheep flock.
Assuntos
Picobirnavirus/genética , Picobirnavirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/veterinária , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/virologia , Ovinos/virologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Fazendas , Fezes/virologia , Genes Virais/genética , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Filogenia , Picobirnavirus/classificação , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/epidemiologia , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/virologia , RNA Viral/genética , RNA Polimerase Dependente de RNA/genética , Análise de Sequência de RNARESUMO
The Hepeviridae comprise single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses classified into two genera, Orthohepevirus and Piscihepevirus. Orthohepeviruses have a wide host range that includes rodents, but previous studies had been restricted to rodents of the Muridae family. In this study, we applied a high-throughput sequencing approach to examine the presence of orthohepeviruses in rodents from São Paulo State, Brazil. We also used RT-PCR to determine the frequency of orthohepeviruses in our sampled population. We identified novel orthohepeviruses in blood samples derived from Necromys lasiurus (1.19%) and Calomys tener (3.66%). Therefore, our results expand the host range and viral diversity of the Hepeviridae family.