RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Intraperitoneal administration of ceftriaxone maintains therapeutic abdominal concentrations for 24 hours in healthy horses. Therefore, it is a possible treatment for septic peritonitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ceftriaxone as an adjuvant treatment in horses with septic peritonitis. METHODS: Twenty-six horses with clinical signs, sonography and/or laboratory findings of septic peritonitis were included. Peritoneal fluid was collected for microbiological culture and in vitro microbial sensitivity profile assessment. Daily intraperitoneal administration of ceftriaxone (25 mg/kg) was initiated with supportive and systemic antimicrobial treatment. The animals were divided into three groups: group 1-gastrointestinal tract injuries and abdominal surgery (excluding perforations/ruptures); group 2-not related to changes in the gastrointestinal tract; group 3-secondary to intestinal rupture and/or faeces contamination. RESULTS: The mean success rate of the treatment was 77 per cent (20/26 animals), with success rates of 84.6 per cent in group 1; 87.5 per cent, group 2; and 40 per cent, group 3. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to report adjuvant intraperitoneal treatment ceftriaxone for septic peritonitis in horses and indicates that this treatment can successfully treat septic peritonitis in horses.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Ceftriaxona/uso terapêutico , Doenças dos Cavalos/tratamento farmacológico , Peritonite/veterinária , Sepse/veterinária , Animais , Quimioterapia Adjuvante/veterinária , Feminino , Cavalos , Infusões Parenterais/veterinária , Masculino , Peritonite/tratamento farmacológico , Sepse/tratamento farmacológico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A recrystallized form of enrofloxacin as dehydrate-HCl (enro-C) was assessed for bacteriological and clinical cure efficacies in Holstein-Friesian cows affected of nonsevere clinical mastitis. Treatments were enro-Csusp (n = 81), treated with a pharmaceutical suspension of enro-C/quarter; group enro-Cpd (n = 80) treated as above, but using enro-C powder suspended in water; group CF (n = 65), treated with ceftiofur HCl/quarter; and group enroR (n = 66), treated with standard enrofloxacin solution (5 mg/kg, intramuscular). Cows had a mean milk production of 31 L/day and were 2-3 lactational periods old. Treatments were administered every 24 hr for 3 days. Groups treated with enro-C exhibited statistically significant (p > .05) better clinical cure as compared to groups treated with CF or enroR (95.06%, 96.25%, 67.79%, and 57.55%, for enro-Csusp , enro-Cpd , CF, and enroR , respectively). In contrast, probability of bacteriological cure was not statistically different among treatments. Yet, the outstanding clinical and bacteriological cure rates obtained for enro-C for nonsevere cases of mastitis is superior to previously reported data for parenteral enrofloxacin and other antibacterial-intramammary treatments. Impact of using enro-C on the rate and pattern of bacterial resistance, somatic cell counts and milk electric conductivity, must be studied. Also, the use of enro-C for complicated cases of mastitis should be studied and milk withdrawal times must be accurately established.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Cefalosporinas/uso terapêutico , Fluoroquinolonas/uso terapêutico , Mastite Bovina/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Bovinos , Cefalosporinas/administração & dosagem , Esquema de Medicação/veterinária , Enrofloxacina , Feminino , Fluoroquinolonas/administração & dosagem , Infusões Parenterais/veterinária , Injeções/veterinária , Glândulas Mamárias Animais , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A manutenção e a correta concentração de íons são fatores essenciais para a homeostase nos animais. Algumas enfermidades como hipocalcemia, hipoglicemia, diarreia e outras, comumente acometem bovinos, levando a desequilíbrios hidroeletrolíticos e ácido básicos. Como método terapêutico para correção dessas alterações realiza-se a fluidoterapia. Esse trabalho tem como intuito avaliar a utilização da via intraperitoneal para a administração de soluções cristalóides e outros medicamentos, avaliando-a como uma via eficaz e segura para reidratação e terapêutica dos animais enfermos.(AU)
The maintenance and the proper concentration of ions are essential for homeostasis in animals. Some diseases such as hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, diarrhea among others, commonly affect cattle, leading to eletrolute an acid base imbalances. Fluid therapy is done as a therapeutic method. This paper is intended to evaluate the use of intraperitoneal administrations of crystalloid solutions and other drugs as an effective and safe way for rehydration therapy of the sick animals.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Infusões Parenterais/veterinária , Hidratação/veterinária , Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/veterinária , Homeostase , Terapêutica/veterináriaRESUMO
A manutenção e a correta concentração de íons são fatores essenciais para a homeostase nos animais. Algumas enfermidades como hipocalcemia, hipoglicemia, diarreia e outras, comumente acometem bovinos, levando a desequilíbrios hidroeletrolíticos e ácido básicos. Como método terapêutico para correção dessas alterações realiza-se a fluidoterapia. Esse trabalho tem como intuito avaliar a utilização da via intraperitoneal para a administração de soluções cristalóides e outros medicamentos, avaliando-a como uma via eficaz e segura para reidratação e terapêutica dos animais enfermos.
The maintenance and the proper concentration of ions are essential for homeostasis in animals. Some diseases such as hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, diarrhea among others, commonly affect cattle, leading to eletrolute an acid base imbalances. Fluid therapy is done as a therapeutic method. This paper is intended to evaluate the use of intraperitoneal administrations of crystalloid solutions and other drugs as an effective and safe way for rehydration therapy of the sick animals.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Hidratação/veterinária , Infusões Parenterais/veterinária , Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/veterinária , Homeostase , Terapêutica/veterináriaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of intraperitoneal (IP) or incisional (INC) bupivacaine on pain and the analgesic requirement after ovariohysterectomy in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized clinical study. ANIMALS: Thirty female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OHE). METHODS: Dogs admitted for elective OHE were anesthetized with acepromazine, butorphanol, thiopental and halothane. Animals were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 10 per group). The treatments consisted of preincisional infiltration with saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) or bupivacaine with epinephrine and/or IP administration of the same solutions, as follows: INC and IP 0.9% NaCl (control group); INC 0.9% NaCl and IP bupivacaine (5 mg kg(-1), IP group); INC bupivacaine (1 mg kg(-1)) and IP 0.9% NaCl (INC group). Postoperative pain was evaluated by a blinded observer for 24 hours after extubation by means of a visual analog scale (VAS) and a numeric rating scale (NRS). Rescue analgesia (morphine, 0.5 mg kg(-1) , IM) was administered if the VAS was >5/10 or the NRS >10/29. RESULTS: At 1 hour after anesthesia, VAS pain scores were [medians (interquartile range)]: 6.4 (3.1-7.9), 0.3 (0.0-2.6) and 0.0 (0.0-7.0) in control, IP and INC groups, respectively. VAS pain scores were lower in the IP compared to the control group. Over the first 24 hours, rescue analgesia was administered to 7/10, 5/10 and 3/10 dogs of the control, INC and IP groups, respectively. Total number of dogs given rescue analgesia over the first 24 hours did not differ significantly among groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Intraperitoneal bupivacaine resulted in lower pain scores during the first hour of the postoperative period and there was a trend towards a decreased need for rescue analgesia after OHE in dogs.
Assuntos
Analgesia/veterinária , Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagem , Bupivacaína/administração & dosagem , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Histerectomia/veterinária , Ovariectomia/veterinária , Dor Pós-Operatória/veterinária , Analgesia/métodos , Animais , Sedação Consciente/métodos , Sedação Consciente/veterinária , Cães , Feminino , Infusões Parenterais/veterinária , Medição da Dor , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controleRESUMO
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the replacement of drinking water by herb infusions on the performance, relative weight of internal organs, hematocrit and immune response to Newcastle disease virus of broiler chickens. A total of 540 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were divided into five groups, corresponding to four different treatments and one control group. Treatments were replicated eight times, and the control group four times. Experimental treatments included infusions (5 grams per liter) of cinnamon, thyme and turmeric in equal ratios in replacement of drinking water. Experimental period lasted 21 days and all chicks were fed with a corn-soybean based diet. Results showed that all herbs infusions caused significant (p<0.05) decrease in live body weight compared with the control group at 21 days of age. Mix treatment significantly decreased relative carcass weight relative to the control group (p<0.05). Herbs infusions increased the relative weight of some organs. None of herb additives affected hematocrit in comparison to control group. Cinnamon and herb mix infusion significantly improved bird immune response to the NDV vaccine in comparison to the control group and those that received only turmeric infusion. When all in-water additives were compare to each other, the birds supplemented with turmeric infusion showed the worst performance and immunity. The results of this experiment suggest that these herbs infusions did not favor the performance of broiler chickens.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/terapia , Vírus da Doença de Newcastle/imunologia , Galinhas/imunologia , Infusões Parenterais/veterinária , Doença de Newcastle/terapia , Cinnamomum zeylanicum/efeitos dos fármacos , Crocus/efeitos dos fármacos , Thymus (Planta)/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Opioids may exert a protective effect against ventricular arrhythmias via a vagally mediated mechanism. This study evaluated the effects of the opioid remifentanil on arrhythmogenicity of epinephrine during halothane anesthesia. Eight dogs were assigned to 2 treatments in a randomized crossover design, with 1-week intervals between treatments. Anesthesia was maintained with 1.3% end-tidal halothane in oxygen and mechanical ventilation to maintain eucapnia. A constant rate infusion of remifentanil (0.72 microg/kg/min) was administered throughout the study in the experimental treatment, while control animals received physiologic saline as placebo. The arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine (ADE), defined as 4 premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) within 15 s, was determined by administering progressively increasing infusion rates of epinephrine (2.5, 5.0, and 10 microg/kg/min), allowing 20 min intervals between each infusion rate. In both treatments, epinephrine infusions induced bradyarrhythmias and atrioventricular conduction disturbances, which were followed by escape beats and PVCs. In the remifentanil treatment, mean +/- s ADE values (11.3 +/- 4.9 microg/kg) did not differ from values observed in control animals (9.9 +/- 6.1 microg/kg). On the basis of the ADE model for assessing the arrhythmogenity of drugs during halothane anesthesia, the present study did not demonstrate a protective effect of remifentanil (0.72 microg/kg/min) against ventricular arrhythmias in dogs.
Assuntos
Analgésicos Opioides/farmacologia , Anestésicos Inalatórios/efeitos adversos , Arritmias Cardíacas/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Halotano/efeitos adversos , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Anestesia/veterinária , Anestésicos Inalatórios/administração & dosagem , Animais , Antiarrítmicos/uso terapêutico , Arritmias Cardíacas/induzido quimicamente , Arritmias Cardíacas/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Cross-Over , Doenças do Cão/induzido quimicamente , Cães , Eletrocardiografia/veterinária , Epinefrina/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Halotano/administração & dosagem , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Infusões Parenterais/veterinária , Distribuição Aleatória , RemifentanilRESUMO
The increased frequency of diseases, especially those of the hoof, cause economic losses, such as premature culling of affected animals, decreased milk production, weight loss, reduced fertility, and the high costs of treatment. A great variety of hoof conditions may affect cattle, one of them is digital dermatitis. These conditions are probably due to multiple factorial diseases and present with similar clinical signs. Bovine lameness is typically treated by foot trimming and debridment of the lesions, coupled when necessary with systemic antibiotics and therapeutic footbaths, which results in a clinical cure in the majority of the cases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the topical action of sodium hypochlorite associated with the systemic use of oxytetracycline for the treatment of wounds clinically diagnosed as bovine digital dermatitis. One hundred and twenty Holstein cattle varying ages from 1 to 9 y and presenting the clinical signs of digital dermatitis, were used in this study. Group 1 (G1) received topical treatment with a 1% sodium hypochlorite footbath twice a day for 30 d and 4 treatments of parenteral oxytetracycline (10 mg/kg bodyweight, IM, q48h). Group 2 (G2) received only the topical treatment with 1% sodium hypochlorite, as described for G1. Group 3 (G3) received only with parenteral oxytetracycline, as described for G1. Group 4 (G4) was treated exclusively with a dicloro divynil pirrolidona, ortoiododimetil, para-nitofenil-fosforotioato in a vegetal tar-based ointment, immediately after the surgery. After 45 d, the recovery rates were as follows: G1, 86.67%; G2, 73.33%; G3, 56.67%; and G4, 50%. The surgical treatment of digital dermatitis with subsequent treatment with oxytetracycline systemically and 1% sodium hypochlorite topically was the most effective for the convalescence of cattle bearing wounds similar to digital dermatitis.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Doenças dos Bovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Desinfetantes/uso terapêutico , Dermatoses do Pé/veterinária , Oxitetraciclina/uso terapêutico , Hipoclorito de Sódio/uso terapêutico , Administração Tópica , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/cirurgia , Dermatoses do Pé/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatoses do Pé/patologia , Dermatoses do Pé/cirurgia , Casco e Garras/patologia , Infusões Parenterais/veterinária , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do Tratamento , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The effects of atropine and methotrimeprazine on epinephrine-induced ventricular arrhythmias were evaluated in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Ten mixed-breed dogs were assigned to 3 treatments (saline, atropine, and methotrimeprazine) in a randomized complete block design. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with halothane (1.5 minimum alveolar concentration) in oxygen. Controlled ventilation was used throughout to maintain eucapnia. Saline, atropine (0.05 mg/kg, i.v.) or methotrimeprazine (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.) were administered and, 5 minutes later the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine (ADE) was measured by i.v. infusion of progressively increasing infusion rates of epinephrine, until the ventricular arrhythmia criterion was met (at least 4 ectopic ventricular contractions (EVCs) during a 15-second period). Data were analyzed using a student's t-test for ADE values and multivariate profile analysis for heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure (ABP), and rate pressure product (RPP). The ADE increased in atropine- and methotrimeprazine-treated groups, whereas 1 and 4 animals from these groups did not develop any ventricular arrhythmia, respectively. Epinephrine induced multiform premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) in the atropine group, whereas ventricular escape beats were observed in the control and methotrimeprazine groups. Heart rate and RPP decreased, and ABP increased at the time of ADE observation in the control group. Epinephrine infusion in the atropine group caused marked increases in HR, ABP, and RPP, which were associated with pulsus alternans in 2 animals. It was concluded that 1) the presence of cholinergic blockade influences the type of ventricular arrhythmia induced by epinephrine; 2) increased ADE values recorded following atropine administration must be cautiously interpreted, since in this situation the PVCs were associated with signs of increased myocardial work and ventricular failure; and 3) the use of a broader arrhythmia criterion (EVCs instead of PVCs) may not allow a direct comparison between ADE values, since it includes ventricular arrhythmias mediated by different mechanisms.