RESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the cerebral blood flow of full term small-for-gestational age newborns, using cranial ultrasound Doppler at birth. This study was performed at CAISM/UNICAMP (Tertiary Health Center for Women). Sixty term newborns were selected and divided in two groups: appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) (36 neonates) and small-for-gestational age (SGA) (24 neonates). Cranial ultrasound Doppler evaluation was performed on both groups, between 24 and 48 hours after birth. Cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) was lower in the small-for-gestational age group, in the anterior cerebral artery (ACA). Doppler measurements were different statistically between the groups only for values related to peak systolic flow velocity (PSFV) and mean flow velocity (MFV) in the ACA. There was no significant difference for any evaluated parameters of flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCA). It was concluded that SGA newborns showed PSFV and MFV significantly reduced only in the ACA. Weight/gestational age, neonatal polycythemia and mean arterial blood pressure values were statistically related to MFV in the ACA. In presence of fetal suffering, mean arterial blood pressure values and smoking in the pregnancy were statistically related to MFV in the MCA.
Assuntos
Artérias Cerebrais/fisiologia , Circulação Cerebrovascular/fisiologia , Recém-Nascido Pequeno para a Idade Gestacional/fisiologia , Artéria Cerebral Anterior/diagnóstico por imagem , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo , Pressão Sanguínea , Artérias Cerebrais/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/etiologia , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Fluxometria por Laser-Doppler/instrumentação , Masculino , Artéria Cerebral Média/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Cerebral Média/fisiologia , Estado Nutricional , Insuficiência Placentária/complicações , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Ultrassonografia Doppler TranscranianaRESUMO
Epidemiological studies suggest that intrauterine undernutrition plays an important role in the development of arterial hypertension in adulthood. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) have antioxidant properties that could improve redox-sensitive vascular changes associated with hypertension. The authors determined whether vitamins C and E treatments ameliorate the hypertension and vascular function in male rats submitted to intrauterine undernutrition. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed either normal or 50% of the normal intake diets during the whole gestational period. At 14 weeks of age, male offspring of nutritionally restricted dams were divided into 3 subgroups: vehicle-treated (vehicle for 15 days, by gastric gavage, n = 9), vitamin C-treated (ascorbic acid, 150 mg/Kg/d for 15 days, by gastric gavage, n = 15) and vitamin E-treated (alpha-tocopherol, 350 mg/kg per day for 15 days, by gastric gavage, n = 15). Systolic blood pressure was determined before and after antioxidant treatments by the tail-cuff method. At 16 weeks of age, the rats were used for the study of microvascular reactivity and intravital fluorescence microscopy. Intrauterine undernutrition induced hypertension, and vitamins C or E treatments reduced the blood pressure levels. The decreased acetylcholine and bradykinin-induced vasodilation was restored in the vitamin-treated rats. These effects were associated with decreased vascular superoxide anion concentration. The results show that vitamins C and E reduce oxidative stress and high blood pressure levels, and improve vascular function in intrauterine-undernourished rats.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapêutico , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipertensão/etiologia , Insuficiência Placentária/complicações , Superóxidos/metabolismo , Vitamina E/uso terapêutico , Animais , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Gravidez , RatosRESUMO
The facial nucleus (FN) of the rat is composed of multipolar neurons generated between gestational days G12 and G15. This nucleus is involved in the mechanisms underlying muscle contraction during the sucking reflex. After birth, the neuronal substrate of this reflex is gradually organized to allow the performance of other functions such as gnawing, chewing, swallowing and drinking. Undernourishment is known to produce different degrees of delayed brain development, the greatest of which are similar to the characteristics of the premature syndrome. Neuronal morphological alterations are associated with sucking-reflex deficiencies, which interfere with feeding by the newborn. The current study shows that perinatal undernourishment leads to dendritic arbor hypoplasia and small alterations of soma size in Golgi--Cox impregnated FN neurons of rats. The data suggest that these morphological alterations of FN neurons, may be associated with shifts in the input and integration of signals, and may finally modify the elaboration of motoneuron discharges partly modulating bucolabial muscle contraction during sucking movements and facial expression. Additionally, neonatal nutritional rehabilitation modifies the effects on FN neuronal development, ameliorating the influence of early adverse nutritional conditions.
Assuntos
Animais Recém-Nascidos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , Dendritos/patologia , Nervo Facial/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Neurônios Motores/patologia , Distúrbios Nutricionais/complicações , Ponte/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos/anormalidades , Animais Recém-Nascidos/metabolismo , Animais Lactentes/anormalidades , Animais Lactentes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais Lactentes/metabolismo , Tamanho Celular/fisiologia , Dendritos/metabolismo , Nervo Facial/metabolismo , Nervo Facial/patologia , Feminino , Privação de Alimentos/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Neurônios Motores/metabolismo , Distúrbios Nutricionais/patologia , Distúrbios Nutricionais/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência Placentária/complicações , Insuficiência Placentária/patologia , Insuficiência Placentária/fisiopatologia , Ponte/metabolismo , Ponte/patologia , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Coloração pela Prata , Comportamento de Sucção/fisiologiaAssuntos
Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Insuficiência Placentária/diagnóstico por imagem , Artérias Umbilicais/diagnóstico por imagem , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Insuficiência Placentária/complicações , Gravidez , Ultrassonografia Doppler , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal , Artérias Umbilicais/fisiopatologiaAssuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Insuficiência Placentária , Artérias Umbilicais , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Insuficiência Placentária/complicações , Artérias Umbilicais/fisiopatologia , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal , Idade Gestacional , Ultrassonografia DopplerRESUMO
Neonatal liver (storage) but not heart (nonstorage) tissue iron concentrations were reduced by 60% at autopsy in 15 newborn infants who had gestations complicated by uteroplacental insufficiency because of maternal hypertension or Potter syndrome. The hepatic iron reductions in term and preterm infants, and with either antecedent condition, were similar.
Assuntos
Ferro/análise , Fígado/química , Insuficiência Placentária/complicações , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Recém-Nascido/metabolismo , Recém-Nascido Prematuro/metabolismo , Recém-Nascido Pequeno para a Idade Gestacional/metabolismo , Deficiências de Ferro , Fígado/patologia , Miocárdio/química , Miocárdio/patologia , Gravidez , Complicações Cardiovasculares na GravidezRESUMO
Se revisaron 86 casos de mortalidad perinatal en el HOspital de Gineco Obstetricia de Garza García, N.L. de la Subsecretaría Estatal de Salud de enero de 1992 a diciembre de 1993. Período de 2 años. La tasa de mortalidad perinatal fue de 12.0 por mil nacimientos, menor que otros reportes. La mayor incidencia en pacientes jóvenes de 20 a 29 años con 47.7 por ciento y con paridad de 1 a 3 un 80.2 por ciento, la mayor frecuencia en embarazos a término de 37 a 42 semanas con 39.6 por ciento, 35 por ciento de los productos con peso mayor de 2,500 gramos y 65 por ciento menor. La muerte fetal se presentó con mayor frecuencia en el preparto 55.8 por ciento y menor en el intraparto 19.8 por ciento, las causas más frecuentes de muerte perinatal fueron insuficiencia placentaria 27.9 por ciento e inmadurez fetal con 24.4 por ciento. Se concluye que un control prenatal adecuado y una vigilancia del trabajo de parto traen como consecuencia una disminución de la mortalidad fetal
Assuntos
Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal/mortalidade , Mortalidade Infantil/tendências , Mortalidade Perinatal , Insuficiência Placentária/complicaçõesRESUMO
Renal function and renal morphometry of the progeny of rats submitted to 50% dietary restriction (pairfed with control group) throughout pregnancy (Rtgroup), during the first half of pregnancy (R1 group) or during the second half of pregnancy (R2 group) were studied 3 months after birth. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) decrease significantly in all groups when compared to control (C) (GFR, 4.44 ñ 0.12, 4.04 ñ 0.18, and 4.00 ñ 0.16 vs 6.87 ñ 0.17, and RPF, 19.06 ñ0.57, 17.00 ñ 1.14, and 13.31 ñ0.50 vs 22.57 ñ 0.67, respectively). Urinary osmolality tended to be lower in the R2 and Rt groups (887.1 ñ 42.36 and 868.0 ñ 42.36 vs 975.1 ñ 38.31 in C), and the net acid excretion calculated per ml of GFR was either maintained or stimulated (R1 group). A significant decline in the number of glomeruli occurred in R1, R2 and Rt rats (79.84 ñ 2.08, 62.30 ñ 2.07, and 58.16 ñ 2.32 vs 99.77 ñ 2.28 in C repectively). The results show that intrauterine undernutrition actually caused a deleterious effect on the number of functional nephrons
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Ratos , Rim/fisiologia , Insuficiência Placentária/complicações , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Rim/anatomia & histologia , Privação de Alimentos/fisiologia , Ratos EndogâmicosRESUMO
Renal function and renal morphometry of the progeny of rats submitted to 50% dietary restriction (pair-fed with control group) throughout pregnancy (RT group), during the first half of pregnancy (R1 group) or during the second half of pregnancy (R2 group) were studied 3 months after birth. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) decreased significantly in all groups when compared to control (C) (GFR, 4.44 +/- 0.12, 4.04 +/- 0.18, and 4.00 +/- 0.16 vs 6.87 +/- 0.17, and RPF, 19.06 +/- 0.57, 17.00 +/- 1.14, and 13.31 +/- 0.50 vs 22.57 +/- 0.67, respectively). Urinary osmolality tended to be lower in the R2 and RT groups (877.1 +/- 42.36 and 868.0 +/- 42.36 vs 975.1 +/- 38.31 in C), and the net acid excretion calculated per ml of GFR was either maintained or stimulated (R1 group). A significant decline in the number of glomeruli occurred in R1, R2 and RT rats (79.84 +/- 2.08, 62.30 +/- 2.07, and 58.16 +/- 2.31 vs 99.77 +/- 2.28 in C respectively). The results show that intrauterine undernutrition actually caused a deleterious effect on the number of functional nephrons.