RESUMO
In Brazil, ethnic-racial inequalities exist in all fields, obstructing access to goods, services, and opportunities, including healthcare services. However, there are no apparent studies that assess, at a national level, ethnic-racial disparities in poisoning cases, emphasizing skin color as a determining factor. The study aimed to examine the relationship between race/ethnicity and general poisoning cases, by medications, pesticides, and drug of abuse in Brazilian states. Poisoning cases data were extracted for the years 2017, 2018, and 2019. Notification data for general poisoning cases and toxic agents were collected: medications, pesticides, and drugs of abuse. Data were categorized between whites and non-whites (blacks, browns, and indigenous) and without information on skin color/ethnicity. Rates of poisonings amongst ethnic-racial groups and cases of not declared skin color as well as relative risk (RR) of poisoning among non-whites were calculated. All states in the North, Northeast (states with the worst Human Development Index), Midwest, and 2 states in the Southeast exhibited higher rates of poisoning cases per 100,000 inhabitants among non-whites. The RR values for nonwhite individuals were higher in the North and Northeast regions for all types of poisonings. The type of poisoning cases that presented the highest RR for non-whites over the 3 years was drugs of abuse (2-2.44), when compared to other types of poisonings from pesticides (2-2.33) and medications (1.5-1.91). The spatial distribution of poisoning cases rates and RR of nonwhite population support public policies to reduce socioeconomic and environmental inequalities.
Assuntos
Praguicidas , Intoxicação , Brasil/epidemiologia , Humanos , Praguicidas/intoxicação , Intoxicação/epidemiologia , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Criança , Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Grupos Raciais/estatística & dados numéricos , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Preparações FarmacêuticasRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Self-medication is the use of drugs to treat self-diagnosed illnesses or symptoms, on one's own initiative, without the guidance of a healthcare professional. Poison centers play an important role in understanding the relationship between self-medication and poisoning. The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients exposed to and/or poisoned by different drugs through self-medication. METHODS: This retrospective, cross-sectional, and descriptive study analyzed data from 2014 to 2020, provided by the Toxicological Information and Assistance Center of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Data were selected, tabulated, and analyzed by using descriptive statistics and group comparison with the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: There were 683 cases of self-medication identified. Most patients were female (62.8 percent) and between 20 and 29 years old (26.1 percent). A toxic dose of a substance was administered in only 22.8 percent of the cases, and five deaths were recorded. The most commonly used medications were anxiolytics (18 percent), followed by analgesics and antipyretics (15.4 percent). Paracetamol was the drug used in three of the five cases that resulted in deaths. DISCUSSION: This study demonstrates the prevalence of self-medication among women aged between 20 and 29 years old. Statistical analysis failed to show a relationship between a toxic dose and clinical manifestations. Anxiolytics, analgesics, and antipyretics are the most reported medications probably because healthcare professionals are mostly the ones who contact the center. Analgesics and antipyretics account for more than fifty percent of the deaths caused by self-medication in the present report. Some limitations such as secondary sources are related. CONCLUSION: We highlight the importance of health professionals in promoting the rational use of medicines, as well as poison centers in assisting the population and raising their awareness regarding the issue.
Assuntos
Centros de Controle de Intoxicações , Intoxicação , Automedicação , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Automedicação/estatística & dados numéricos , Centros de Controle de Intoxicações/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Adulto , Estudos Retrospectivos , Masculino , Estudos Transversais , Adulto Jovem , Intoxicação/epidemiologia , Intoxicação/terapia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Lactente , Idoso , Analgésicos/intoxicaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the profile of children assisted in the Emergency Room of a Children reference Hospital in the South of Brazil, victims of acute poisoning between 2016 and 2021, to characterize the toxic agents and to present the factors related to hospitalization. METHODS: Retrospective, descriptive and observational study with data collection from medical records at a children's hospital from July 2016 to June 2021 based on the compulsory notification forms. The characteristics of victims, of the incident, the type and class of the substance involved, the procedures demanded and the need for the Intensive Care Unit were evaluated. The outcome considered was hospitalization. Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated for the categorical variables and measures of central tendency and dispersion for the numerical ones. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify variables related to hospitalization. RESULTS: There were 411 consultations, with the mean age of 7.2±5.5 years, and predominance of females (59.9%). Most of the poisoning occurred at home (82.1%) and orally (93.7%). Chemicals or cleaning products were the main agents in children up to 1 year of age, whereas in the other age groups accidents occurred most frequently with medicines. Hospital admission occurred in 38.7% of the cases, with related variables being: number of agents, type of substance involved, medication that acts on the Central Nervous System, recurrence, motivation (accidental/intentional), and performance of simple exams. CONCLUSIONS: More preventive actions are needed, such as legislation, as well as greater guidance to parents on how to store products in the domestic environment, in order to reduce the number of exogenous intoxications in the pediatric population.
Assuntos
Hospitalização , Intoxicação , Feminino , Criança , Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Hospitais , Doença Aguda , Intoxicação/epidemiologia , Intoxicação/terapiaRESUMO
Exposure to phytotoxins that are present in imported ornamental or native plants is an important cause of animal disease. Factors such as animal behaviors (especially indoor pets), climate change, and an increase in the global market for household and ornamental plants led to the appearance of new, previously unreported plant poisonings in Europe. This has resulted in an increase in the incidence of rarely reported intoxications. This review presents some of the emerging and well-established plant species that are responsible for poisoning episodes in companion animals and livestock in Europe. The main plant species are described, and the mechanism of action of the primary active agents and their clinical effects are presented. Data reflecting the real incidence of emerging poisoning cases from plant toxins are scarce to nonexistent in most European countries due to a lack of a centralized reporting/poison control system. The diversity of plant species and phytotoxins, as well as the emerging nature of certain plant poisonings, warrant a continuous update of knowledge by veterinarians and animal owners. The taxonomy and active agents present in these plants should be communicated to ensure awareness of the risks these toxins pose for domestic animals.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Animais , Intoxicação por Plantas , Intoxicação , Toxinas Biológicas , Animais , Intoxicação por Plantas/epidemiologia , Intoxicação por Plantas/etiologia , Intoxicação por Plantas/veterinária , Animais Domésticos , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Toxinas Biológicas/toxicidade , Intoxicação/epidemiologia , Intoxicação/etiologia , Intoxicação/veterináriaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of drug poisoning in children registered in the Santa Catarina Information and Toxicological Assistance Center between 2016 and 2020. METHODS: This observational epidemiological study, with a historical cohort design, was carried out from reported cases of drug poisoning in children aged 0-12 years. Census sampling was used to collect data. RESULTS: There were 4839 reported cases of drug poisoning among children in the State of Santa Catarina in the surveyed period, with an average annual incidence rate of 6 cases/1000 live births. The median age was 3 years. Most cases of poisoning occurred among girls aged 0-3 years by accidental ingestion of drugs at home. There was a predominance of signs and symptoms affecting the nervous system; only a small portion required hospitalization. Most cases were considered mild poisoning with a favorable outcome. No deaths were recorded. There was a tendency of increasing cases over time, however not significant. There is a predominance of incident cases in the Great West of the state, followed by the Midwest and Serra Catarinense regions. CONCLUSIONS: Drug poisoning in children is predominant in early childhood, mainly caused by accidental ingestion of drugs at home. These findings highlight the importance of preventive and educational measures among family members and caregivers.
Assuntos
Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Intoxicação , Feminino , Criança , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Lactente , Estudos Retrospectivos , Hospitalização , Família , Brasil/epidemiologia , Intoxicação/epidemiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Poisonings are a worldwide preventable public health problem that affects the general population. OBJECTIVE: To epidemiologically characterize BZ and AD poisonings registered in Chile between 2002 and 2019. METHODS: An observational retrospective study of poisonings registered in the medical outcome report system of the Chilean Ministry of Health was conducted. The World Health Organization International Classification of Disease codes T42.2, T43.0 and T43.2 were included. RESULTS: 22,807 poisonings associated with BZ or AD were identified, representing 0.08% of all hospitalizations. Poisoning rates distribution were established at regional and national level. There were 9.8% of accidental events, 63.7% of intentional events, and 26.5% of undetermined cases. The highest accidental and intentional poisoning rates were estimated at the ages of 0 to 4 and 15 to 19 years old respectively. Poisoned patients remained hospitalized on average for 3.4 days. 0.3% of cases were related to death of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Poisoning events were characterized according to the studied variables. National poisoning rates decreased over the years with prevalence of those intentional events linked to women. Efforts should be made in creating poisoning prevention campaigns focused on age-based groups in the general population.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Benzodiazepinas/intoxicação , Antidepressivos/intoxicação , Intoxicação/epidemiologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Distribuição por Sexo , Distribuição por Idade , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Brazil is one of the world's largest pesticide consumers, but information on pesticide poisoning among workers is scarce. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate acute pesticide poisoning among tobacco growers, according to different criteria. METHODS: This was a two-step cross-sectional study with 492 pesticide applicators. It used a 25 question pesticide-related symptoms (PRS) questionnaire and medical diagnosis for comparison with toxicological assessment. Associations were evaluated using Poisson regression. RESULTS: 10.6% reported two or more PRS, while 8.1% reported three or more. Furthermore, 12.2% received a medical diagnosis of poisoning. According to toxicologists, possible cases accounted for 14.2% and probable cases for 4.3%. PRS increased during the period of greater exposure. Those exposed to dithiocarbamates, sulfentrazone, pyrethroids, fipronil and iprodione exhibited more PRS. The number of exposure types, multi-chemical exposure, clothes wet with pesticides and spillage on the body/clothes were associated with acute poisonings. All criteria showed sensitivity greater than 79% for probable cases but only greater than 70% for medical diagnosis when compared to possible cases, presenting substantial Kappa agreement. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of acute pesticide poisoning is much higher than officially recorded. Trained physicians can screen for pesticide poisoning. It is necessary to improve workers' education to reduce pesticide use and exposure to them.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Trabalhadores Agrícolas , Exposição Ocupacional , Praguicidas , Intoxicação , Humanos , Nicotiana , Estudos Transversais , Doenças dos Trabalhadores Agrícolas/epidemiologia , Agricultura , Intoxicação/epidemiologiaRESUMO
This study aimed to identify the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with the occurrence and recurrence of intentional self-poisoning with medications (ISP-M), and suicide deaths by ISP-M in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. In this cross-sectional analytical study, we used logistic regression models to analyze data obtained through health information systems. Factors associated with use of ISP-M as a method were female gender, white skin color, occurrence in urban areas and at home. The ISP-M as a method was less reported in people presumed under the influence of alcohol. Lower chance of death by suicide using ISP-M was found among young people and adults (under 60 years old).
Assuntos
Intoxicação , Suicídio , Adulto , Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Estudos Transversais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Etanol , Intoxicação/epidemiologiaRESUMO
This work aimed to identify variables associated with increased risk of outcome severity as well as to describe clinical manifestations/symptoms and management of pesticide-related cases reported to a poison center in Brazil. An increased risk of more severe outcomes was observed when exposures occurred in rural areas, involved suicide attempts and moderately to extremely hazardous pesticides. Clinical manifestations with higher frequencies included vomiting, nausea, sialorrhea, headache, miosis and sweating. From the treatment initially applied to the patient, 51.91% encompassed gastric lavage, but this procedure was only recommended in 20.01% of cases by the CIATox. Identifying risk factors associated with poor outcome, describing clinical manifestations, and contrasting initial treatment measures adopted against those recommended by the Poison Center can help determine diagnosis, prognosis and ensure appropriate clinical interventions are used in cases of pesticide poisoning.
Assuntos
Praguicidas , Intoxicação , Venenos , Humanos , Centros de Controle de Intoxicações , Brasil/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Intoxicação/diagnóstico , Intoxicação/epidemiologia , Intoxicação/terapiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Poisonings are a worldwide preventable public health problem that affects the general population. OBJECTIVE: To epidemiologically characterize BZ and AD poisonings registered in Chile between 2002 and 2019. METHODS: An observational retrospective study of poisonings registered in the medical outcome report system of the Chilean Ministry of Health was conducted. The World Health Organization International Classification of Disease codes T42.2, T43.0 and T43.2 were included. RESULTS: 22,807 poisonings associated with BZ or AD were identified, representing 0.08% of all hospitalizations. Poisoning rates distribution were established at regional and national level. There were 9.8% of accidental events, 63.7% of intentional events, and 26.5% of undetermined cases. The highest accidental and intentional poisoning rates were estimated at the ages of 0 to 4 and 15 to 19 years old respectively. Poisoned patients remained hospitalized on average for 3.4 days. 0.3% of cases were related to death of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Poisoning events were characterized according to the studied variables. National poisoning rates decreased over the years with prevalence of those intentional events linked to women. Efforts should be made in creating poisoning prevention campaigns focused on age-based groups in the general population.