RESUMO
The aim of this study was carried out to investigate the possible hepato protective effect of Zinc and Magnesium against subchronic cadmium toxicity on biochemical, histopathological and neurobehavioral parameters in Wistar rats during 90 days. Fourty Wistar rats, were randomly divided in four experimental group: 1, control only water; 2, water and oral administration (Cd); 3, (Cd+Mg) in water oral administration; 4, (Cd+Zn) in water oral administration. Zinc and Magnesium was used to reduce hepatoxicity and neurobehavioral disorders induced by Cadmium in Wistar rats. The Cd-Zn and Cd-Mg groups received 10 mg/kg of ZnCl2, 10 mg/kg of MgCl2 added to drinking water. The Cd group received 15mg / kg of CdCl2. Blood glucose level and body weight were measured every day. According to the results, which have been obtained. There was a reduction in body weight gain due to Cd group and an increase liver weight. The results indicated also changes in biochemical parameters, which are characterized by an increase in serum glucose, serum urea, serum creatinine, of animals contaminated with cadmium compared to the control animals. However, the supplementation of (Zn) and Mg combination improved some but not all the previous parameters. Moreover, the findings showed variation in hematological parameters of Cd treated animals. In other word, there was a rise in number of white cells, and reduction of red cells counts, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit percentage, but all these parameters returned approximately to their normal values after combined Zn and Mg addition. The neurobehavioral test shows an increase in the number of cells crossed, the number of straightening in the test. Open field in the group exposed to Cd resulting in locomotors hyperactivity compared to the control and it is minimal in other groups treated with Zn and Mg...
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Intoxicação por Cádmio/tratamento farmacológico , Magnésio/administração & dosagem , Magnésio/uso terapêutico , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Zinco/uso terapêutico , Medicamentos Hepatoprotetores , Medicamentos à Base de Vitaminas e MineraisRESUMO
The aim of this study was carried out to investigate the possible hepato protective effect of Zinc and Magnesium against subchronic cadmium toxicity on biochemical, histopathological and neurobehavioral parameters in Wistar rats during 90 days. Fourty Wistar rats, were randomly divided in four experimental group: 1, control only water; 2, water and oral administration (Cd); 3, (Cd+Mg) in water oral administration; 4, (Cd+Zn) in water oral administration. Zinc and Magnesium was used to reduce hepatoxicity and neurobehavioral disorders induced by Cadmium in Wistar rats. The Cd-Zn and Cd-Mg groups received 10 mg/kg of ZnCl2, 10 mg/kg of MgCl2 added to drinking water. The Cd group received 15mg / kg of CdCl2. Blood glucose level and body weight were measured every day. According to the results, which have been obtained. There was a reduction in body weight gain due to Cd group and an increase liver weight. The results indicated also changes in biochemical parameters, which are characterized by an increase in serum glucose, serum urea, serum creatinine, of animals contaminated with cadmium compared to the control animals. However, the supplementation of (Zn) and Mg combination improved some but not all the previous parameters. Moreover, the findings showed variation in hematological parameters of Cd treated animals. In other word, there was a rise in number of white cells, and reduction of red cells counts, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit percentage, but all these parameters returned approximately to their normal values after combined Zn and Mg addition. The neurobehavioral test shows an increase in the number of cells crossed, the number of straightening in the test. Open field in the group exposed to Cd resulting in locomotors hyperactivity compared to the control and it is minimal in other groups treated with Zn and Mg...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Zinco/uso terapêutico , Magnésio/administração & dosagem , Magnésio/uso terapêutico , Intoxicação por Cádmio/tratamento farmacológico , Medicamentos Hepatoprotetores , Medicamentos à Base de Vitaminas e MineraisRESUMO
Grapes are fruits that grow in clusters and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink. Cadmium is a non-essential metal toxic to living organisms and the environment. Recently, health professionals, food scientists, and consumers have paid much attention to grapes for their health-promoting effects. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reviews describing the ability of grapes to mitigate the toxic effects induced by cadmium exposure in different tissues and/or organs. Herein, the aim of this review is to present the effects of grapes following cadmium exposure on the number of papers published in the scientific literature. The results showed that grapes are able to mitigate the harmful activities induced by exposure to cadmium in several tissues and organs. The main actions are closely related to tissue regeneration as a result of the reestablishment of morphology and antioxidant activity. However, further studies are welcomed in order to elucidate new biological pathways regarding the outcomes promoted by grapes in this context, specially related to inflammation, tissue regeneration and cellular death.
Assuntos
Intoxicação por Cádmio/tratamento farmacológico , Proantocianidinas/uso terapêutico , Vitis/química , Animais , HumanosRESUMO
Females are born with a finite number of oocyte-containing follicles and ovary damage results in reduced fertility. Cadmium accumulates in the reproductive system, damaging it, and the cigarette smoke is a potential exposure route. Natural therapies are relevant to health benefits and disease prevention. This study verified the effect of cadmium exposure on the ovaries of mice and the blueberry extract as a potential therapy. Blueberry therapy was effective in restoring reactive species levels and δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase activity, and partially improved the viability of cadmium-disrupted follicles. This therapy was not able to restore the 17 ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Extract HPLC evaluation indicated the presence of quercetin, quercitrin, isoquercetin, and ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid was the major substance and its concentration was 620.24 µg/mL. Thus, cadmium accumulates in the ovaries of mice after subchronic exposure, inducing cellular damage, and the blueberry extract possesses antioxidant properties that could protect, at least in part, the ovarian tissue from cadmium toxicity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 188-196, 2017.
Assuntos
Mirtilos Azuis (Planta)/química , Intoxicação por Cádmio/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Ovarianas/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Sintase do Porfobilinogênio/metabolismo , 11-beta-Hidroxiesteroide Desidrogenases/metabolismo , Animais , Intoxicação por Cádmio/patologia , Feminino , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Glutationa Sintase/metabolismo , Camundongos , Doenças Ovarianas/patologia , Folículo Ovariano/efeitos dos fármacos , Sintase do Porfobilinogênio/efeitos dos fármacos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate if purple carrot extract is able to protect against the noxious activities induced by cadmium exposure in multiple organs of rats. For this purpose, histopathological analysis, genotoxicity and oxidative status were investigated in this setting. A total of twenty Wistar rats weighing 250g on the average, and 8 weeks age were distributed into four groups (n=5), as follows: Control group (non-treated group, CTRL); Cadmium group (Cd) and Purple carrot extract groups at 400mg/L or 800mg/L. Histopathological analysis revealed that liver from animals treated with purple carrot extract improved tissue degeneration induced by cadmium intoxication. Genetic damage was reduced in blood and hepatocytes as depicted by comet and micronucleus assays in animals treated with purple carrot extract. SOD-CuZn and cytocrome C gene expression increased in groups treated with purple carrot extract. Purple carrot extract also reduced the 8OHdG levels in liver cells when compared to cadmium group. Taken together, our results demonstrate that purple carrot extract is able to protect against cadmium intoxication by means of reducing tissue regeneration, genotoxicity and oxidative stress in multiple organs of Wistar rats.
Assuntos
Intoxicação por Cádmio/tratamento farmacológico , Daucus carota/química , Mutagênicos/toxicidade , Especificidade de Órgãos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , 8-Hidroxi-2'-Desoxiguanosina , Animais , Células da Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Células da Medula Óssea/metabolismo , Intoxicação por Cádmio/metabolismo , Ensaio Cometa , Citocromos c/metabolismo , Dano ao DNA , Desoxiguanosina/análogos & derivados , Desoxiguanosina/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/patologia , Testes para Micronúcleos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ratos Wistar , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , Aumento de Peso/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The Mimosa (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia) is a plant native from South America; it is used in the traditional medicine systems for treating bacterial, fungal, parasitic and inflammatory conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antigenotoxic and antioxidant activities induced by mimosa (M. caesalpiniifolia) in multiple rodent organs subjected to intoxication with cadmium chloride. A total of 40 Wistar rats (8 weeks old, 250 g) were distributed into eight groups (n = 5), as follows: Control group (non-treated group, CTRL); Cadmium exposed group (Cd); cadmium exposure and treated with extract at 62.5 mg/kg/day; cadmium exposure and treated with extract at 125 mg/kg/day; cadmium exposure and treated with extract at 250 mg/kg/day; cadmium exposure and treated with ethyl acetate fraction at 62.5 mg/kg/day. For evaluating the toxicogenetic potential of mimosa, two groups were included in the study being treated with extract at 250 mg/kg/day and acetate fraction of mimosa at 62 mg/kg/day, only. Extract of mimosa at concentrations of 62.5 and 125 mg decreased DNA damage in animals intoxicated with cadmium when compared to cadmium group. In a similar manner, treatment with ethyl acetate fraction of mimosa at 62.5 mg concentration in animals previously exposed to cadmium reduced genetic damage in peripheral blood cells. In a similar manner, the treatment with ethyl acetate fraction reduced DNA damage in liver cells. Oxidative DNA damage was reduced to animals exposed to cadmium and treated with 125 mg of extract as well as those intoxicated to cadmium and treated with 62.5 of acetate fraction of mimosa. Taken together, our results indicate that mimosa prevents genotoxicity induced by cadmium exposure in liver and peripheral blood cells of rats as a result of antioxidant activity.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Intoxicação por Cádmio/tratamento farmacológico , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Mimosa/química , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Folhas de Planta/química , Acetatos/química , Animais , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/efeitos adversos , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Células Sanguíneas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Células Sanguíneas/patologia , Brasil , Cloreto de Cádmio/antagonistas & inibidores , Cloreto de Cádmio/toxicidade , Intoxicação por Cádmio/sangue , Intoxicação por Cádmio/metabolismo , Intoxicação por Cádmio/patologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Etnofarmacologia , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Medicina Tradicional , Mutagênicos/química , Mutagênicos/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Fitoterapia/efeitos adversos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Ratos Wistar , Solventes/químicaRESUMO
This study investigated the effects of perinatal cadmium exposure on physical and reflexologic development of pup rats. It was examined if the immediate postpartum testosterone administration was able to reverse the toxic effects of the metal. Forty Wistar pregnant rats were divided into three groups: control and 10 and 20 mg kg(-1) per day of cadmium chloride. These dams were treated from gestational days 18 to 21, and until the 7th lactation day. Immediately after birth, half of the offspring from the experimental and control groups received 50 microL of testosterone 0.2% i.p. The maternal body weight gain, food and water consumption were measured during the treatment period. In pups, the body weight, body length, physical landmarks, reflex development and the general activity were assessed. Results showed that: only 20 mg kg(-1) cadmium induced maternal toxicity; pup body weight and body weight gain were reduced in all experimental groups; only the cadmium-exposed offspring not treated with testosterone treatment showed a reduction in body length and body length gain; cadmium highest dose reduced the anogenital index in pups and delayed physical and reflexes development; and cadmium effects on the offspring, except in body length gain, were not reversed by testosterone. The results indicate that perinatal maternal exposure to cadmium promoted changes in the development of male rat offspring, reprogramming the pup's development. Testosterone administration was not able to reverse the cadmium effects, even on those parameters more directly related to the androgenic system as the testis descent and anogenital distance delays.
Assuntos
Cádmio/toxicidade , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/prevenção & controle , Substâncias Protetoras/uso terapêutico , Propionato de Testosterona/uso terapêutico , Envelhecimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Animais Lactentes , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Tamanho Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Cloreto de Cádmio/administração & dosagem , Intoxicação por Cádmio/tratamento farmacológico , Dieta , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ingestão de Líquidos/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Lactação , Masculino , Exposição Materna/efeitos adversos , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Reflexo/efeitos dos fármacos , Maturidade Sexual/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The protective effect of zinc against slight teratogenical action, exerted by low cadmium concentrations, was evaluated in Bufo arenarum embryos treated simultaneously with both cations or preincubated with Zn before Cd treatment. Data on survival, malformations, and delay in development pointed out that Zn could prevent the deleterious effects of Cd in previous and simultaneous treatments with that heavy metal.