RESUMO
Resumen El Plomo ha tenido una estrecha relación con el mundo artístico pictórico a través de los pigmentos utilizados por los artistas durante milenios. El íntimo contacto con sustancias químicas potencialmente peligrosas para la salud, casi siempre sin medidas de higiene y seguridad laboral, ha desarrollado en muchos casos, enfermedades laborales en estos artistas, a veces sospechadas y en otros casos, más que confirmadas. En el presente trabajo se analiza la historia de vida laboral de Miguel Angel Buonarroti, de quien se tiene registro suficiente como para establecer un nexo causal con exposición laboral al Plomo.
Abstract Lead has shown a close relationship with the fine arts'world through the pigments used by artists for thousand of years. Close contact with potentially dangerous chemical substances for health, almost always without occupational hygiene and safety measures, has produced, in many cases, occupational illnesses in these artists, sometimes suspected and in other cases, more than confirmed. In the present work, the history of Miguel Angel Buonarroti's working life is analyzed, since there is sufficient record to establish a causal link with occupational exposure to Lead.
Assuntos
História do Século XV , História do Século XVI , Pinturas/história , Zumbido/induzido quimicamente , Pessoas Famosas , Intoxicação por Chumbo/complicações , Doenças Profissionais/induzido quimicamente , Pintura/intoxicação , Intoxicação do Sistema Nervoso por Chumbo em Adultos/complicaçõesRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Lead is a multiple organ toxicant and an oxidative-stress inducer. The effect of Costus afer on metal- induced male reprotoxicity has not been previously carried out, hence this study. The present study investigates the protective effect of Costus afer aqueous leave extract on lead- induced reproductive damages in male albino Wistar rats. METHODS: Adult male albino Wistar rats were weighed and separated into five groups of five rats each. Groups 1 & 2 served as normal and toxic controls receiving deionized and leaded (CH3COO)2Pb.3H2O and water respectively. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were given 750, 1500 and 2250mg/kg of Costus afer orally, respectively while receiving Pb2+ water ad libitum for 28 days. RESULTS: The reproductive and antioxidant parameters obtained from the result served as scientific evidence in the study. The result showed non-significant changes in the absolute and relative weights of epididymis and testes in the Pb Group versus the control. Significant increases were recorded in the sperm analysis, blood lead (7.9±1.02; 1.1±0.01) level (BLL), luteinizing hormone (LH) (8.5±1.4:5.5±0.4), and a decrease in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (4.5±2.6:6.5±1.65), with non-significant changes in testosterone (TET) (1.3±0.00:1.6±0.2) in the Pb group compared to the control. CONCLUSION: The treatment with Costus afer exhibited dose-dependent significant changes in testicular oxidative stress, hormonal, sperm analysis and histopathological changes induced by lead. Aqueous leaves extract of Costus afer may be protective against lead induced testicular damage.
Assuntos
Costus/química , Infertilidade/induzido quimicamente , Infertilidade/prevenção & controle , Intoxicação por Chumbo/complicações , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Animais , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/sangue , Infertilidade/sangue , Chumbo/toxicidade , Intoxicação por Chumbo/sangue , Intoxicação por Chumbo/tratamento farmacológico , Intoxicação por Chumbo/patologia , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Folhas de Planta/química , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Reprodução/efeitos dos fármacos , Análise do Sêmen , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/fisiologia , Testosterona/sangueRESUMO
La intoxicación aguda por plomo no es una patología que con frecuencia vemos en el consultorio de pediatría. Los síntomas por intoxicación por plomo pueden ser digestivos o neurológicos, y, muchas veces, se puede confundir con otras patologías. De ahí, la importancia de tener presente y pensar en esta patología y, ante la alta sospecha, pedir estudios complementarios que confirmen la intoxicación por plomo. Este es el caso de un niño de 9 años, que consulta por dolor abdominal agudo acompañado de vómitos. Luego de realizar un minucioso examen físico y una detallada anamnesis, se tiene una alta sospecha diagnóstica de intoxicación "aguda" por plomo, motivo por el cual se interna. Después de tomar una muestra venosa para confirmar el nivel de plomo, se realiza un tratamiento con quelante, bajo la supervisión de un especialista en toxicología.
Acute lead poisoning is not a common pathology seen in the pediatrician's office. Lead poisoning symptoms can be digestive or neurological, and they can be confused with other pathologies. That is the reason why it should be considered and, in case of doubt, complementary studies to confirm lead poisoning should be requested. This is the case of a nine-year-old child that comes to the office with a strong abdominal pain and vomiting, and after a close physical examination and a detailed anamnesis, a suspicious diagnosis of "acute" lead poisoning is obtained. Therefore, the infant is hospitalized, and after taking a venous sampling to confirm the lead level, a chelation therapy is performed under the toxicology expert's supervision.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Intoxicação por Chumbo/diagnóstico , Dor Abdominal/etiologia , Intoxicação por Chumbo/complicaçõesRESUMO
Acute lead poisoning is not a common pathology seen in the pediatrician's office. Lead poisoning symptoms can be digestive or neurological, and they can be confused with other pathologies. That is the reason why it should be considered and, in case of doubt, complementary studies to confirm lead poisoning should be requested. This is the case of a nine-year-old child that comes to the office with a strong abdominal pain and vomiting, and after a close physical examination and a detailed anamnesis, a suspicious diagnosis of "acute" lead poisoning is obtained. Therefore, the infant is hospitalized, and after taking a venous sampling to confirm the lead level, a chelation therapy is performed under the toxicology expert's supervision.
La intoxicación aguda por plomo no es una patología que con frecuencia vemos en el consultorio de pediatría. Los síntomas por intoxicación por plomo pueden ser digestivos o neurológicos, y, muchas veces, se puede confundir con otras patologías. De ahí, la importancia de tener presente y pensar en esta patología y, ante la alta sospecha, pedir estudios complementarios que confirmen la intoxicación por plomo. Este es el caso de un niño de 9 años, que consulta por dolor abdominal agudo acompañado de vómitos. Luego de realizar un minucioso examen físico y una detallada anamnesis, se tiene una alta sospecha diagnóstica de intoxicación "aguda" por plomo, motivo por el cual se interna. Después de tomar una muestra venosa para confirmar el nivel de plomo, se realiza un tratamiento con quelante, bajo la supervisión de un especialista en toxicología.
Assuntos
Intoxicação por Chumbo/diagnóstico , Dor Abdominal/etiologia , Criança , Humanos , Intoxicação por Chumbo/complicações , MasculinoRESUMO
Lead (Pb) is a persistent environmental contaminant that is mainly stored in bones being an important source of endogenous lead exposure during periods of increased bone resorption as occurs in menopause. As no evidence exists of which bone biomechanical properties are impaired in those elderly women who had been exposed to Pb during their lifetime, the aim of the present study is to discern whether chronic lead poisoning magnifies the deterioration of bone biology that occurs in later stages of life. We investigated the effect of Pb in the femora of ovariectomized (OVX) female Wistar rats who had been intoxicated with 1000 ppm of Pb acetate in drinking water for 8 months. Structural properties were determined using a three-point bending mechanical test, and geometrical and material properties were evaluated after obtaining the load/deformation curve. Areal Bone Mineral Density (BMD) was estimated using a bone densitometer. Femoral histomorphometry was carried out on slices dyed with H&E (Hematoxylin and Eosin). Pb and OVX decreased all structural properties with a higher effect when both treatments were applied together. Medullar and cortical area of femurs under OVX increased, allowing the bone to accommodate its architecture, which was not observed under Pb intoxication. Pb and OVX significantly decreased BMD, showing lead treated ovariectomized rats (PbOVX) animals the lowest BMD levels. Trabecular bone volume per total volume (BV/TV%) was decreased in OVX and PbOVX animals in 54% compared to the control animals (p<0.001). Pb femurs also showed 28% less trabeculae than the control (p<0.05). We demonstrated that Pb intoxication magnifies the impairment in bone biomechanics of OVX rats with a consequent enhancement of the risk of fracture. These results enable the discussion of the detrimental effects of lead intoxication in bone biology in elderly women.
Assuntos
Osso e Ossos/patologia , Osso e Ossos/fisiopatologia , Intoxicação por Chumbo/complicações , Compostos Organometálicos/toxicidade , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/complicações , Absorciometria de Fóton , Animais , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Osso e Ossos/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Ovariectomia , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Background: Combination therapy can play a significant role in the amelioration of several toxic effects of lead (Pb) and recovery from associated cardiovascular changes. Objective: To investigate the effects of combination therapy on the cardiovascular effects of perinatal lead exposure in young and adult rats Methods: Female Wistar rats received drinking water with or without 500 ppm of Pb during pregnancy and lactation. Twenty-two- and 70-day-old rat offspring who were or were not exposed to Pb in the perinatal period received meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), L-arginine, or enalapril and a combination of these compounds for 30 additional days. Noradrenaline response curves were plotted for intact and denuded aortas from 23-, 52-, 70-, and 100-day-old rats stratified by perinatal Pb exposure (exposed/unexposed) and treatment received (treated/untreated). Results: Systolic blood pressure was evaluated and shown to be higher in the 23-, 52-, 70-, and 100-day age groups with Pb exposure than in the corresponding control age groups: 117.8 ± 3.9*, 135.2 ± 1.3*, 139.6 ± 1.6*, and 131.7 ± 2.8*, respectively and 107.1 ± 1.8, 118.8 ± 2.1, 126.1 ± 1.1, and 120.5 ± 2.2, respectively (p < 0.05). Increased reactivity to noradrenaline was observed in intact, but not denuded, aortas from 52-, 70-, and 100-day-old exposed rats, and the maximum responses (g of tension) in the respective Pb-exposed and control age groups were as follows: 3.43 ± 0.16*, 4.32 ± 0.18*, and 4.21 ± 0.23*, respectively and 2.38 ± 0.33, 3.37 ± 0.13, and 3.22 ± 0.21, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions: All treatments reversed the changes in vascular reactivity to noradrenaline in rats perinatally exposed to Pb. The combination therapy resulted in an earlier restoration of blood pressure in Pb-exposed rats compared with the monotherapies, except for enalapril therapy in young rats. These ...
Introdução: A terapia combinada parece desempenhar papel significativo em reduzir os efeitos cardiovasculares deletérios da exposição ao chumbo (Pb). Objetivo: Para investigar esta possibilidade, ratas Wistar receberam Pb (500 ppm na água de beber) ou água durante a prenhez e a lactação. Ratos com 22 e 70 dias, expostos perinatalmente ao Pb ou não, receberam DMSA, L- arginina, enalapril e a combinação destes por 30 dias adicionais. Métodos: Curvas concentração-efeito à noradrenalina foram obtidas em aortas intactas e desnudas, de ratos com 23, 52, 70 e 100 dias expostos ou não ao Pb, tratados ou não. Resultados: A pressão arterial sistólica caudal (mmHg) foi avaliada e mostrou-se aumentada em ratos expostos ao Pb [23, 52, 70 e 100 dias, respectivamente: controle 107,1±1,8, 118,8±2,1, 126,1±1,1, 120,5±2,2; Pb 117,8±3,9*, 135,2±1,3*, 139,6±1,6* e 131,7± 2,8*]. Observou-se aumento de reatividade à noradrenalina em aorta intacta, mas não desnudada, de ratos com 52, 70 e 100 dias expostos ao Pb [resposta máxima (g de tensão) 52 dias: Pb 3,43±0,16*, controle 2,38±0,33; 70 dias: Pb 4,32±0,18*, controle 3,37±0,13; 100 dias: Pb 4,21±0,23*, controle 3,22±0,21]. (*) p < 0,05 em relação ao respectivo controle. Conclusões: Todos os tratamentos restauraram as alterações de reatividade à noradrenalina em aortas de ratos expostos perinatalmente ao Pb. Exceto pelo enalapril em ratos jovens, a terapia combinada restaurou mais precocemente a pressão arterial de ratos expostos ao Pb em relação aos tratamentos isolados. Estes resultados representam uma nova abordagem no desenvolvimento de protocolos terapêuticos no tratamento da hipertensão induzida pela exposição ao Pb. .
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Gravidez , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Intoxicação por Chumbo/tratamento farmacológico , Fatores Etários , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Arginina/uso terapêutico , Peso Corporal , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Cardiovascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Quelantes/uso terapêutico , Terapia Combinada/métodos , Enalapril/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão/etiologia , Lactação/efeitos dos fármacos , Intoxicação por Chumbo/complicações , Chumbo/sangue , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/induzido quimicamente , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/tratamento farmacológico , Ratos Wistar , Succímero , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Combination therapy can play a significant role in the amelioration of several toxic effects of lead (Pb) and recovery from associated cardiovascular changes. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of combination therapy on the cardiovascular effects of perinatal lead exposure in young and adult rats Methods: Female Wistar rats received drinking water with or without 500 ppm of Pb during pregnancy and lactation. Twenty-two- and 70-day-old rat offspring who were or were not exposed to Pb in the perinatal period received meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), L-arginine, or enalapril and a combination of these compounds for 30 additional days. Noradrenaline response curves were plotted for intact and denuded aortas from 23-, 52-, 70-, and 100-day-old rats stratified by perinatal Pb exposure (exposed/unexposed) and treatment received (treated/untreated). RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure was evaluated and shown to be higher in the 23-, 52-, 70-, and 100-day age groups with Pb exposure than in the corresponding control age groups: 117.8 ± 3.9*, 135.2 ± 1.3*, 139.6 ± 1.6*, and 131.7 ± 2.8*, respectively and 107.1 ± 1.8, 118.8 ± 2.1, 126.1 ± 1.1, and 120.5 ± 2.2, respectively (p < 0.05). Increased reactivity to noradrenaline was observed in intact, but not denuded, aortas from 52-, 70-, and 100-day-old exposed rats, and the maximum responses (g of tension) in the respective Pb-exposed and control age groups were as follows: 3.43 ± 0.16*, 4.32 ± 0.18*, and 4.21 ± 0.23*, respectively and 2.38 ± 0.33, 3.37 ± 0.13, and 3.22 ± 0.21, respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: All treatments reversed the changes in vascular reactivity to noradrenaline in rats perinatally exposed to Pb. The combination therapy resulted in an earlier restoration of blood pressure in Pb-exposed rats compared with the monotherapies, except for enalapril therapy in young rats. These findings represent a new approach to the development of therapeutic protocols for the treatment of Pb-induced hypertension.