RESUMO
Lower back pain (LBP) is recognized as a cause of morbidity in developed nations in different occupational situations. Health care workers (HCWs), in particular nurses, are especially vulne-rable to LBP. About 6080% of the general people suffer from LBP at some time during their lives. However, there is not enough care about workplace health and safety problems facing the health care workforce in developing nations, such as Libya. Thus, this study aimed to find out the status of low back pain and factors affecting pain among the nurses in Benghazi Medical Centre (BMC), Libya. Cross-sectional study was conducted on BMC in 2018. The data was collected by a self-administered questionnaire. Chi-square was used to determine the association between associated risk factors and LBP prevalence (p<0.05). There is a high prevalence (79%) of low back pain among nurses in BMC. Individual and work-related factors were found as risk factors for LBP. In Libya, nurses are considered as a critical health and safety concern, as a result of the weakness of policies in healthcare organizations. Consequently, a proper no weight lifting policy should be considered. If not, proper manual lifting must be implemented.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Enfermagem , Pessoal de Saúde , Dor Lombar/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Prevalência , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Risco , Líbia/epidemiologiaAssuntos
Emigração e Imigração/legislação & jurisprudência , Pesquisadores/legislação & jurisprudência , Ciência , Estudantes/legislação & jurisprudência , Viagem/legislação & jurisprudência , Chade , Congressos como Assunto/organização & administração , República Democrática Popular da Coreia , Irã (Geográfico) , Islamismo , Líbia , Pesquisadores/psicologia , Somália , Decisões da Suprema Corte , Síria , Incerteza , Estados Unidos , Venezuela , Recursos Humanos , IêmenRESUMO
Plague, in the Middle Ages known as Black Death, continues to occur at permanent foci in many countries, in Africa, Asia, South America, and even the USA. During the last years outbreaks were reported from at least 3 geographical areas, in all cases after tens of years without reported cases. The recent human plague outbreaks in Libya and Algeria suggest that climatic and other environmental changes in Northern Africa may be favourable for Y. pestis epidemiologic cycle. If so, other Northern Africa countries with plague foci also may be at risk for outbreaks in the near future. It is important to remember that the danger of plague reoccurrence is not limited to the known natural foci, for example, those of Algeria, Angola, and Madagascar. In a general context, it is important that governments know the dangerous impact that this disease may have and that the health and medical community be familiar with the epidemiology, symptoms, treatment, and control of plague, so an appropriated and timely response can be delivered should the worst case happen. Plague can be used as a potential agent of bioterrorism. We have concluded that plague is without a doubt a reemerging infectious disease.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Peste/epidemiologia , Yersinia pestis/patogenicidade , África/epidemiologia , África do Norte/epidemiologia , Argélia/epidemiologia , Ásia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Líbia/epidemiologia , Madagáscar/epidemiologia , Peste/microbiologia , Peste/patologia , América do Sul/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The majority of STR loci are not ideal for the analysis of forensic samples with degraded and/or low template DNA. One alternative to overcome these limitations is the use of bi-allelic markers, which have low mutation rates and shorter amplicons. Human identification (HID) InDel marker panels have been described in several countries, including Brazil. The commercial kit available is, however, mostly suitable for Europeans, with lower discrimination power for other population groups. Recently, a combination of 49 InDel markers used in four different ethnic groups in the USA has been shown to be more informative than another panel from Portugal, already tested in a Rio de Janeiro sample. However, these 49 InDels have yet to be applied to other admixed or isolated populations. We assessed the efficiency of this panel in two urban admixed populations (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Tripoli, Libya) and one isolated Native Brazilian community. All markers are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) after the Bonferroni correction, and no Linkage disequilibrium was detected. Assuming loci independence and no substructure effect, cumulative RMP was 2.7×10(-18), 1.5×10(-20), and 4.5×10(-20) for Native Brazilian, Rio de Janeiro, and Tripoli populations, respectively. The overall Fst value was 0.05512. Rio de Janeiro and Tripoli showed similar admixture levels, however for Native Brazilians one parental cluster represented over 60 % of the total parental population. We conclude that this panel is suitable for HID on these urban populations, but is less efficient for the isolated group.
Assuntos
Etnicidade/genética , Mutação INDEL , Brasil , Frequência do Gene , Marcadores Genéticos , Humanos , Indígenas Sul-Americanos/genética , Líbia , População UrbanaRESUMO
A new African species of hystricognathous rodent, Gaudeamus lavocati sp. nov., is described herein from the early Oligocene deposits of Zallah locality (Sirt basin, Central Libya). The dental morphology of this species is very close to that of some earliest South American caviomorphs. It allows a reinterpretation of molar crest homologies among earliest caviomorphs, pentalophodonty being confirmed as the plesiomorphic molar condition in Caviomorpha. This morphological resemblance argues for close affinities between Gaudeamus and earliest South American hystricognaths. Cladistic analysis supports Gaudeamus lavocati sp. nov. as the first known African representative of Caviomorpha, implying that its ancestors were part of the African phiomyid group that crossed the South Atlantic by a direct immigration route. Alternatively, the series of derived dental features of Gaudeamus could also be interpreted as evolutionary synchronous convergences of an African hystricognath lineage towards the specialized pattern of some caviomorphs. However, the high level of similarities concerning teeth morphology and enamel microstructure and the similar age of fossiliferous strata on both continents make this interpretation less probable. The phylogenetic position of this taxon is of considerable importance because it represents an enigmatic component of the phiomorph-caviomorph radiation in Africa and appears as a new clue toward the understanding of caviomorph origins.
Assuntos
Roedores/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Oceano Atlântico , Dentição , Ecossistema , Emigração e Imigração , Líbia , Roedores/classificação , Roedores/genética , América do SulRESUMO
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis, has lost many coding and noncoding regions in its genome during the course of evolution. We performed region-of-difference (RD) analysis using PCR-based genotyping of 131 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates obtained from four different countries, namely, India, Peru, Libya, and Angola. Our studies revealed that RD patterns are often distinct for strains circulating in specific geographical regions and can be used to trace the descent and spread of an isolate from its original reservoir. We describe our findings, which show that no single isolate from the four countries (n = 131) had all the 15 RDs either deleted or retained. Tuberculosis-specific deletion 1 (TbD1) was found to be conserved in 23% of the Indian isolates, indicating their possible ancient origin. RD9 was the most conserved region, RD11 was predominantly deleted, and RD6 was the most variable among the isolates in our collection irrespective of their geographic region. In contrast to earlier reports, our results demonstrate that the deletion of RD1 does not correlate with a decrease in the virulence potential of M. tuberculosis, as Indian isolates (n = 30) examined by us were from diseased individuals and yet had lost the RD1 region. Our results further illustrated that the intactness of the RD5 region may be associated with increased virulence of the organism. This study highlights that the RDs in M. tuberculosis genomes are geographically distributed and specific and may possibly be associated with virulence spectrum.
Assuntos
Deleção de Genes , Genoma Bacteriano , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/classificação , Polimorfismo Genético , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Angola/epidemiologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Líbia/epidemiologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Peru/epidemiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Tuberculose/microbiologiaAssuntos
Revisão da Pesquisa por Pares , Editoração , Ciência , Comércio , Cuba , Humanos , Internacionalidade/legislação & jurisprudência , Irã (Geográfico) , Líbia , Revisão da Pesquisa por Pares/ética , Revisão da Pesquisa por Pares/legislação & jurisprudência , Revisão da Pesquisa por Pares/normas , Política Pública , Ciência/ética , Ciência/legislação & jurisprudência , Sudão , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Serotype G9 may be the fifth most common human rotavirus serotype, after serotypes G1 to G4. In three cross-sectional studies of childhood diarrhea, we have detected serotype G9 rotaviruses for the first time in Libya, Kenya, and Cuba. Serotype G9 constituted 27% of all rotaviruses identified, emphasizing the reemergence of serotype G9 and suggesting that future human rotavirus vaccines will need to protect against disease caused by this serotype.