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The effect of bioprotective extracts (BEs) from Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL641 (BE-1) and Latilactobacillus curvatus CRL705 (BE-2) against the exopolysaccharide producer Latilactobacillus sakei CRL1407 in vacuum-packaged meat discs at 4 °C was evaluated. Lat. sakei CRL1407 was able to grow in control samples from 2.80 to 7.77 log CFU/g after 38 days. BE-1 and BE-2 reduced bacterial growth by 2.11 and 1.35 log CFU/g, respectively, but their combination led to a greater growth reduction (3.31 log CFU/g). The antimicrobial activity was detected in treated samples with BE-1 and BE-1 + BE-2 until day 16, while with BE-2 only at the initial time. The pH values remained constant in the discs treated with the BEs combination, whereas the greatest drop in pH was observed in control samples. The minor lipid oxidation without perceptible color changes was detected in the presence of BE-1 and BE-1 + BE-2. The combination of BEs as biocontrol agent plus conventional preservation barriers could extend the fresh meat shelf-life without quality loss.

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The effect of bioprotective extracts (BEs) from Latilactobacillus curvatus CRL705 and Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL641 against Latilactobacillus sakei CRL1407 was evaluated in a refrigerated meat model system under vacuum and aerobic conditions at 4 and 10 °C. As shown by culturing, the BE-1 from L. acidophilus completely inhibited the spoilage strain, while that from Lat. Curvatus CRL705 (BE-2) and its combination with BE-1 exerted a bacteriostatic effect. The antimicrobial activity and exopolysaccharide production correlated with the efficacy of inhibitory treatment while final pH decrease was higher in control samples. When flow cytometry was applied, a lack of correlation with plate counting was found; counts under the detection limit for BE-1 at 21 and 28 days at 4 and 10 °C represented between 64.15 and 73.70% of dead cells. Thus, the concurrence of lactic acid bacteria as biocontrol agents and the use of more accurate tools to prevent the growth of deteriorating species will contribute to the extension of fresh meat shelf-life without quality loss.

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The aims of the present study were to develop and evaluate different formulations of probiotic and synbiotic sorbets produced with jussara (Euterpe edulis) pulp, polydextrose, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA3, and Lactobacillus paracasei BGP1. The pasteurized jussara pulp presented high content of phenolic compounds, especially anthocyanins, which were not inhibitory to the probiotics used in this study. The levels of polyphenols and anthocyanins present in the sorbets were also high and kept stable for 120 days, as well as the populations of both probiotics. On the other hand, probiotic populations reduced ca. 4 log CFU/g when exposed to simulated gastrointestinal fluids. Altogether, the sorbets produced in this study showed interesting results, indicating the viability on producing functional foods with probiotics, prebiotics, and other components that are rich in polyphenols, such as jussara pulp. The combination of these elements can improve the health beneficial effects of these compounds and provide important advantages to the intestinal microbiota of consumers.

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Abstract The study of metabolomics requires extracting as many metabolites as possible from a biological sample. This study aimed to determine the optimal method for the extraction of metabolites from solid-state fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM). The UPLC-Q-TOF-MS global metabolomics technology was used to detect the metabolites in FCSM, and the extraction quantity and extraction efficiency of seven different extraction methods, specifically the WA, 50MeOH, 50MeOHB, 50MeCNB, 80MeOHB, 80MeOH and AMF methods were evaluated. The results showed that the number of VIP metabolites extracted by AMF method are 196 and 184 in ESI+ and ESI- mode respectively, it is the largest number of all exacted methods; and the AMF methods also provided a higher extraction efficiency compared with the other methods, especially in indoleacrylic acid, dl-tryptophan and epicatechin (p < 0.01). As a result, AMF/-4 °C method was identified as the best method for the extraction of metabolites from FCSM by Lactobacillus acidophilus. Our study establishes a technical basis for future metabolomics research of fermented feed.

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The study of metabolomics requires extracting as many metabolites as possible from a biological sample. This study aimed to determine the optimal method for the extraction of metabolites from solid-state fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM). The UPLC-Q-TOF-MS global metabolomics technology was used to detect the metabolites in FCSM, and the extraction quantity and extraction efficiency of seven different extraction methods, specifically the WA, 50MeOH, 50MeOHB, 50MeCNB, 80MeOHB, 80MeOH and AMF methods were evaluated. The results showed that the number of VIP metabolites extracted by AMF method are 196 and 184 in ESI+ and ESI- mode respectively, it is the largest number of all exacted methods; and the AMF methods also provided a higher extraction efficiency compared with the other methods, especially in indoleacrylic acid, dl-tryptophan and epicatechin (p<0.01). As a result, AMF/-4°C method was identified as the best method for the extraction of metabolites from FCSM by Lactobacillus acidophilus. Our study establishes a technical basis for future metabolomics research of fermented feed.

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The present study aimed to optimise the microencapsulation of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-05 by spray drying, using soy extract and maltodextrin as encapsulants. Air inlet temperature, maltodextrin/soy extract ratio and feed flow rate were investigated through Central Composite Rotational Design (CCRD). Probiotic viability increased with increasing the proportion of soy extract. Temperature and feed flow rate had a negative effect. Particle diameter ranged from 4.97 to 8.82 µm, water activity from 0.25 to 0.52 and moisture from 2.30 to 7.01 g.100g-1 Particles produced following the optimised conditions (air temperature of 87 °C, maltodextrin/soy extract ratio of 2:3 w.w-1, feed flow rate of 0.54 L.h-1) reached Encapsulation yield (EY) of 83%. Thermogravimetry and FTIR analysis suggested that microcapsules could protect L. acidophilus cells against dehydration and heating. During storage, microencapsulated probiotic had high cell viability (reductions ranged between 0.12 and 1.72 log cycles). Soy extract/maltodextrin presented well-encapsulating properties of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-05.

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The objective of this work was to adapt a synbiotic aerated diet dessert, produced with the addition of a probiotic culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and prebiotic ingredients (fructooligosaccharides and inulin), from the previously developed sucrose-containing formulation, and to evaluate the effects of its ingestion on adult volunteers with metabolic syndrome (MetS) during a period of 8 weeks of intervention. In addition, to improve the resistance of the probiotic to simulated gastrointestinal conditions, a microencapsulation process was optimized. For the development of the product, the formulations were produced in triplicates, in which probiotic culture survival, instrumental texture and sensory acceptability were evaluated up to 112 days of storage under freezing (-18 °C). Subsequently, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was carried out in which the product developed was administered to forty-five volunteers with MetS assigned into two groups, each receiving 40 g/day of: synbiotic diet mousse (SDM) (n=23) and placebo diet mousse (PDM) without pro- and prebiotics (n=22). Fasting blood samples were collected at the beginning and after 8 weeks of daily consumption of both mousses to determine the anthropometric, biochemical, haematological, inflammatory, and immunological parameters. Afterward, with the goal of improving the survival of L. acidophilus La-5 to in vitro simulated gastrointestinal conditions, the microencapsulation process conditions of the probiotic strain via spray drying were optimized using inulin as the encapsulating agent. The viability of L. acidophilus La-5 incorporated into SDM was above 7.8 log CFU/g and remained stable throughout storage. PDM showed lower acceptability (5.77-6.50) after storage than SDM (6.67-7.03). The texture was the most appreciated attribute and hardness of the SDM increased during storage, but remained stable for PDM. The clinical trial revealed significant reductions of total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, as well as of immunoglobulins (A and M), and interleukin-1ß in both groups during the intervention period. However, regarding intergroup changes, there were not any significant differences for all parameters evaluated (p>0.05). After the optimization of the microencapsulation process of the probiotic culture (80 mL/min, 82% and 10%, respectively for feed flow, aspiration rate, and inulin concentration), the microencapsulated probiotic strain incorporated in the SDM mousse showed the highest in vitro gastrointestinal survival (p<0.05) in the different stages of the assay, as follows: after the gastric phase: 5.68 log CFU/g (83.3%), the enteral phase I: 5.61 log CFU/g (82.3%), the enteral phase II: 5.56 log CFU/g (81.4%). Therefore, these results suggest that the presence of probiotic and prebiotics in SDM did not provide an additional effect on the health of volunteers with MetS. Additionally, the results confirm the appropriateness of the spray drying process to microencapsulate L. acidophilus La-5 using inulin as coating agent, providing increased resistance to the microencapsulated probiotic strain under in vitro gastrointestinal stress

O objetivo deste trabalho foi adaptar uma sobremesa aerada simbiótica diet do tipo musse, processada com a adição de uma cultura probiótica de Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 e de ingredientes prebióticos (fruto-oligossacarídeos e inulina), a partir da formulação contendo sacarose desenvolvida anteriormente, e avaliar os efeitos de sua ingestão em voluntários adultos com síndrome metabólica (MetS) durante um período de 8 semanas de intervenção. Adicionalmente, para melhorar a resistência do probiótico frente às condições gastrintestinais simuladas, otimizou-se um processo de microencapsulação da cepa probiótica. Para o desenvolvimento do produto, as formulações foram produzidas em triplicata, em que se avaliou a sobrevivência da cultura probiótica, a textura instrumental e a aceitabilidade sensorial até 112 dias de armazenamento sob congelamento (-18 oC). Em seguida, foi realizado um estudo randomizado, duplo-cego e controlado por placebo, no qual o produto desenvolvido foi administrado a quarenta e cinco indivíduos com MetS divididos em dois grupos, cada um recebendo 40 g/dia de: mousse simbiótica diet (SDM) (n=23) e musse placebo diet (PDM) sem componentes pro- e prebióticos (n=22). As amostras sanguíneas foram coletadas em jejum no início e após 8 semanas de consumo diário de ambas as musses para a determinação dos parâmetros antropométricos, bioquímicos, hematológicos, inflamatórios e imunológicos. Posteriormente, com o intuito de melhorar a sobrevivência do L. acidophilus La-5 em condições gastrointestinais simuladas in vitro, as condições de processo de microencapsulação da cepa probiótica via spray drying foram otimizadas, utilizando inulina como agente encapsulante. A viabilidade de L. acidophilus La-5 incorporados na SDM foi superior a 7,8 log UFC/g e se manteve estável ao longo do armazenamento. A PDM mostrou menor aceitabilidade (5.77-6.50) após o armazenamento do que a SDM (6.67-7.03). A textura foi o atributo mais apreciado, sendo que a dureza da SDM apresentou elevação, enquanto a da PDM manteve-se estável. O ensaio clínico revelou reduções significativas de colesterol total, colesterol-HDL, imunoglobulinas (A e M) e interleucina1ß em ambos os grupos durante o período de intervenção. Entretanto, no que se refere às mudanças intergrupos, não se observou diferenças significativas para todos os parâmetros avaliados (p>0,05). Após a otimização do processo de microencapsulação da cultura probiótica (80 mL/min, 82% e 10%, respectivamente para o fluxo de alimentação, taxa de aspiração e concentração de inulina), a cepa probiótica microencapsulada incorporada a amostra SDM apresentou a maior sobrevivência gastrointestinal in vitro (p<0,05) nas diferentes etapas do ensaio, a saber: após a fase gástrica: 5,68 log UFC/g (83,3%); fase entérica I: 5,61 log UFC/g (82,3%); fase entérica II: 5,56 log UFC/g (81,4%). Portanto, esses resultados sugerem que a presença de probiótico e prebiótico na SDM não apresentou efeitos adicionais na saúde dos voluntários com MetS. Adicionalmente, os resultados confirmaram a adequação do processo de spray drying para a microencapsulação de L. acidophilus La-5 utilizando inulina como agente de revestimento, proporcionando uma maior resistência da cepa probiótica microencapsulada às condições gastrintestinais simuladas in vitro.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e caracterizar iogurte adicionado de geleiada de casca de jabuticaba e de Lactobacilos acidophilus LA-3 e analisar suas características microbiológicas e fisico-químicas. Inicialmente, preparou-se geleiada com o resíduo do processamento de jabuticaba. Em seguida, o iogurte foi processado, adicionado de 5% de geleiada e dividido em dois tratamentos: iogurte adicionado de L. acidophilus LA-3 e controle, sem adição da cultura. Realizou-se análises de pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, coliformes a 30°C e a 45°C e de fungos filamentosos e leveduras nas amostras de geleiada. As amostras de iogurte foram submetidas às análises de pH, acidez titulável, extrato seco total, umidade, gordura, cinzas, proteína, além da contagem de bactérias láticas, fungos filamentosos e leveduras e coliformes a 30°C e a 45°C. Verificou-se resultados médios de 2,38 para pH, 1,166 para acidez (% ácido cítrico) e 67,33 °Brix para sólidos solúveis nas amostras de geleiadas. Por outro lado, as amostras de iogurte do tratamento controle diferenciaram daquelas adicionadas de cultura probiótica (p < 0,05) em relação a pH, acidez, extrato seco e umidade. Os teores de cinzas e gordura não diferiram (p > 0,05) entre os tratamentos ao longo do tempo. Constatou-se <3,0 NMP/g de coliformes a 30°C e a 45°C em ambos os tratamentos e <1,0x10¹ UFC/g estimado para fungos filamentosos e leveduras para geleiada e para iogurte. As contagens de L. acidophilus LA-3 e de L. bulgaricus no iogurte foram acima de 108 UFC/g logo após a produção, enquanto após 30 dias a 5°C observou-se contagens acima de 107 UFC/g. Streptococus thermophilus manteve-se acima 109 UFC/g durante a estocagem. Portanto, o iogurte contendo geleiada de casca de jabuticaba pode ser utilizado como substrato potencial para L. acidophilus LA-3 e [...](AU)

The objective of this study was to develop and characterize yogurt added of jelly of jabuticaba peel and of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-3, and determine its microbiological and physical-chemical characteristics. Initially, there was prepared jelly with processing waste jabuticaba. Then, the processed yogurt was added of 5% jabuticaba peel jelly and divided into two treatments: L. acidophilus yogurt added, and control without addition of this culture. The analyses of pH, acidity (% citric acid), soluble solids, coliforms at 30°C and 45°C, and molds and yeasts were made to the jelly samples. For yoghurt, pH, titratable acidity (% lactic acid and citric acid), total soluble solids, moisture, fat, protein and ash, as well as count of lactic acid bacteria, molds and yeasts, and coliforms at 30°C and 45°C were determined. For jelly, it was found average results of pH equaI 2.38, 1.166 to acidity (% citric acid) and 67.33 °Brix to soluble solids. On the other hand the yogurt samples of control treatment differed from those added of probiotic culture (p < 0.05) in relation to pH, acidity, solids and moisture. For analyzes of ash and fat it was not found significant difference between treatments over time. lt was observed <3. O MPN/g of coliforms at 30°C and 45°C in both treatments and <1.0 x 10¹ CFU/g estimated of molds and yeasts in jelly and yogurt samples. L. acidophilus LA-3 and starter cultures of Lactobacillus bulgaricus were above 108 CFU/g after yogurt production, while after 30 days at 5°C it was observed counts above 107 CFU/g. Streptococcus thermophilus remained above 109 CFU/g during storage. Therefore, yogurt containing the jelly may be used as a potential substrate for L. acidophilus LA-3 and […] (AU)

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Devido as constantes contaminações de rações comerciais pelas micotoxinas, o presente trabalhoteve por objetivo avaliar in vitro a capacidade de dois produtos comerciais utilizados na aquicultura emadsorverem Ochratoxina A (OTA). Dois tipos de probióticos comerciais, compostos por Bacillus subtilis,Bifidobacterium bifidum, Enterococcus faecium e Lactobacillus acidophilus (Probiótico A) e, Saccharomycescerevisiae provenientes de cervejaria (Probiótico B) foram utilizados no ensaio. Soluções em tampão fosfatosalino (PBS), com pH de 1,5 e 7,5, foram elaborados para simular o pH do estômago e intestino de tilápias doNilo (Oreochromis niloticus). As soluções de PBS foram testadas nas duas faixas de pH (1,5 e 7,5), com asconcentrações dos produtos comerciais de 0%; 25%; 50%; 75% e 100%, para uma concentração de 1.000 ng.mL-1de OTA. As concentrações de OTA foram adicionadas em microtubos para que fosse determinado a capacidadede adsorção dos probióticos utilizados neste estudo. Na detecção e quantificação de OTA, utilizou-se ametodologia de Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE). Os resultados finais mostraram que osprobióticos A e B nas suas concentrações máximas foram capazes de adsorver OTA nas quantidades de 13,78 a76,81 e 301,48 a 317,54 (ng.mL-1), respectivamente. Os dados mostraram que os dois tipos de probióticos sãopromissores para adsorverem OTA nas condições simuladas de pH gastrointestinal de tilápias do Nilo, sendo amaior eficiência verificada para o probiótico B

Given the constant contamination of animals by feed mycotoxins, this study aimed to evaluate invitro the ability of commercial products used in aquaculture as adsorbents of ochratoxin A (OTA). Twocomercial probiotics, composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Enterococcus faecium andLactobacillus acidophilus (Probiotic A) and one made of dry yeast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from a brewery(Probiotic B) were used in the assay. Phosphate buffered saline solutions (PBS) at pH 1.5 and 7.5 wereformulated to simulate the pH of the stomach and intestine of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The PBSsolutions were tested at the two pH (1,5 and 7,5) with the probiotics concentrations of 0%; 25%; 50%; 75% and100% for a OTA concentration of 1.000 ng.mL-1. The OTA concentrations were added in microtubes forevaluation of adsorption capacity of the probiotics. The OTA detection and quantification were performed byHigh Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The final results showed that the probiotics A and B in theirmaximum concentration were capable of adsorbing OTA in amounts from 13.78 to 76.81 and from 301.48 to317.54 (ng.mL-1), respectively. The data showed that this two probiotics were very promissimg at adsorbingOTA under simulated gastrointestinal conditions of pH of tilapias, being more efficient the probiotic B

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RESUMO

Devido as constantes contaminações de rações comerciais pelas micotoxinas, o presente trabalhoteve por objetivo avaliar in vitro a capacidade de dois produtos comerciais utilizados na aquicultura emadsorverem Ochratoxina A (OTA). Dois tipos de probióticos comerciais, compostos por Bacillus subtilis,Bifidobacterium bifidum, Enterococcus faecium e Lactobacillus acidophilus (Probiótico A) e, Saccharomycescerevisiae provenientes de cervejaria (Probiótico B) foram utilizados no ensaio. Soluções em tampão fosfatosalino (PBS), com pH de 1,5 e 7,5, foram elaborados para simular o pH do estômago e intestino de tilápias doNilo (Oreochromis niloticus). As soluções de PBS foram testadas nas duas faixas de pH (1,5 e 7,5), com asconcentrações dos produtos comerciais de 0%; 25%; 50%; 75% e 100%, para uma concentração de 1.000 ng.mL-1de OTA. As concentrações de OTA foram adicionadas em microtubos para que fosse determinado a capacidadede adsorção dos probióticos utilizados neste estudo. Na detecção e quantificação de OTA, utilizou-se ametodologia de Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE). Os resultados finais mostraram que osprobióticos A e B nas suas concentrações máximas foram capazes de adsorver OTA nas quantidades de 13,78 a76,81 e 301,48 a 317,54 (ng.mL-1), respectivamente. Os dados mostraram que os dois tipos de probióticos sãopromissores para adsorverem OTA nas condições simuladas de pH gastrointestinal de tilápias do Nilo, sendo amaior eficiência verificada para o probiótico B(AU)

Given the constant contamination of animals by feed mycotoxins, this study aimed to evaluate invitro the ability of commercial products used in aquaculture as adsorbents of ochratoxin A (OTA). Twocomercial probiotics, composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Enterococcus faecium andLactobacillus acidophilus (Probiotic A) and one made of dry yeast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from a brewery(Probiotic B) were used in the assay. Phosphate buffered saline solutions (PBS) at pH 1.5 and 7.5 wereformulated to simulate the pH of the stomach and intestine of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The PBSsolutions were tested at the two pH (1,5 and 7,5) with the probiotics concentrations of 0%; 25%; 50%; 75% and100% for a OTA concentration of 1.000 ng.mL-1. The OTA concentrations were added in microtubes forevaluation of adsorption capacity of the probiotics. The OTA detection and quantification were performed byHigh Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The final results showed that the probiotics A and B in theirmaximum concentration were capable of adsorbing OTA in amounts from 13.78 to 76.81 and from 301.48 to317.54 (ng.mL-1), respectively. The data showed that this two probiotics were very promissimg at adsorbingOTA under simulated gastrointestinal conditions of pH of tilapias, being more efficient the probiotic B(AU)

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