RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Microscopy studies of presbylarynx have identified epithelial atrophy, as well as vocal muscle atrophy, increased collagen, and decreased nonfibrous proteins of the extracellular matrix. Studies on the ultrastructure of presbylarynx are rare and can help us understand the pathophysiology of presbyphonia. OBJECTIVE: To describe details on the ultrastructure of presbylarynx by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixteen human larynges were removed and distributed in two groups: control (n = 8; 30-50 years; six females, two males) and seniors (n = 8; 75-92 years; six females, two males). After preparation for TEM, the specimens, including epithelium and lamina propria, were examined and photographed at increasing magnification. RESULTS: Control: the epithelium was intact, with overlapped cells, and with desmosomes between the intercellular junctions. The basement membrane was continuous and uniform, and the lamina propria contained collagen and elastic fibers in a regularly distributed loose arrangement, as well as some fibroblasts of different shapes. Senior: the epithelial cells were separated by enlarged intercellular junctions. The basement membrane was delicate and continuous. In the lamina propria there was predominance of elongated fibroblasts. Under the basement membrane a dense network of collagen fibers could be identified. CONCLUSIONS: In this study with TEM some structural changes were identified, particularly in the larynx of the elderly, both in the epithelium and lamina propria, some of them with likely participation of fibroblasts, which reinforces the importance of additional ultrastructure as well as molecular studies targeting those cells, as they are the main precursors of the components of the extracellular matrix.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento/patologia , Laringe/ultraestrutura , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
A morphological and histochemical study of the human vestibular fold was carried out using routine histological techniques. Seven µm-thick histo logical sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Callej a showed the presence of elastic collagen fibers and seromucous glands in the vestibular fold. Muscle fibers forming the ventricular muscle were also identified. Ultrastructural analyses of the epithelial layer by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed ciliated cells and gland ducts opening on the epithelial surface. Histochemical analyses were performed on ventricular muscles submitted to nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (mATPase) reactions. Based on these reactions, it was observed that the muscle is formed by three types of muscle fibers: slow-twitch oxidative (SO), fast-twitch oxydative glycolytic (FOG) and fast-twitch glycolytic (FG) fibers distributed in a mosaic pattern. The fiber frequency was 22.7%, 69.9% and 7.4%, respectively. The higher frequency of SO and FOG fibers characterized the muscle as having aerobic metabolism and resistance to fatigue. The ventricular muscle was considered fast. The study of the neuromuscular junctions performed after nonspecific esterase reaction showed that they are of the en-plaque type and have multiple occurrences in the ventricular muscle.
Fue realizado un estudio morfológico e histoquímico del pliegue vestibular humano a través de técnicas histológicas de rutina. Cortes histológicos de 7µm de grosor fueron teñidos con HE y Calleja, los cuales revelaron la presencia de fibras colágenas, elásticas y glándulas seromucosas en el pliegue vestibular. También fueron identificadas fibras musculares que constituyen el músculo ventricular. Los análisis ultraestruturales de la capa epitelial realizados a través de microscopía electrónica de barrido, mostraron la presencia de células ciliadas, caliciformes y abertura de conductos glandulares en la superficie epitelial. Los análisis histoquímicos fueron realizados con músculos ventriculares sometidos a las reacciones NADH-TR, SDH y mATPasa. En base en estas reacciones se observó que el músculo está constituido por tres tipos de fibras musculares SO, FOG y FG, distribuidas en la forma de mosaico. La frecuencia de las fibras fue de 22,7%, 69,9% e 7,4%, respectivamente. La mayor frecuencia de fibras oxidativas SO+FOG caracterizó al músculo, con metabolismo aeróbico, resistente a la fatiga. El músculo ventricular fue considerado como rápido. El estudio de las uniones neuromusculares, después de la reacción de la esterasa inespecífica, evidenció que estas uniones son del tipo placa y de ocurrencia múltiple en el músculo ventricular.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Laringe/anatomia & histologia , Autopsia , Cadáver , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Laringe/ultraestrutura , Junção NeuromuscularRESUMO
Annexin 1 protein (ANXA1) expression was evaluated in tumor and mast cells in human larynx cancer and control epithelium. The effect of the exogenous ANXA1 (peptide Ac 2-26) was also examined during the cellular growth of the Hep-2 human larynx epidermoid carcinoma cell line. This peptide inhibited the proliferation of the Hep-2 cells within 144 hr. In surgical tissue specimens from 20 patients with larynx cancer, ultrastructural immunocytochemistry analysis showed in vivo down-regulation of ANXA1 expression in the tumor and increased in mast cells and Hep-2 cells treated with peptide Ac2-26. Combined in vivo and in vitro analysis demonstrated that ANXA1 plays a regulatory role in laryngeal cancer cell growth. We believe that a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of ANXA1 in tumor and mast cells may lead to future biological targets for the therapeutic intervention of human larynx cancer.
Assuntos
Anexina A1/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Neoplasias Laríngeas/patologia , Mastócitos/metabolismo , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anexina A1/análise , Anexina A1/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/ultraestrutura , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Neoplasias Laríngeas/genética , Neoplasias Laríngeas/metabolismo , Laringe/metabolismo , Laringe/patologia , Laringe/ultraestrutura , Masculino , Microscopia Imunoeletrônica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peptídeos/farmacologia , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Fatores de Tempo , Triptases/genética , Triptases/metabolismoRESUMO
Realizamos un estudio sobre aspectos morfológicos de la laringe de la chinchilla. La laringe está compuesta por las porciones muscular, membranosa y cartilaginosa y tiene en promedio 9mm de longitud. En la pared lateral se localizan los plieges vocales y vestibulares; el ventrículo laríngeo es una pequeña depresión localizada entre estos pliegues. El epitelio laríngeo fue estudiado a travéz de la microscopía fotónica y electrónica de barrido. La superficie del espacio supraglótico está cubierto predominantemente por epitelio estratificado con aspecto de adoquín, mientras que, puede observarse un típico epitelio seudoestratificado compuesto por células ciliadas y no ciliadas en el área de la subglotis. Sin embargo, cerca de la parte caudal del pliegue vocal el epitelio cambia gradualmente de escamoso estratificado al tipo intermedio demostrando un aspecto de guardacantón. La capa subepitelial estaba compuesta por fibras elásticas y colágenas que contituían una intrincada malla
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Chinchila/anatomia & histologia , Laringe/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Prega Vocal/ultraestruturaRESUMO
At present the utilization of quantitative techniques in anatomopathological studies is becoming more and more frequent, so adding the possibility of gaining measures and numerical assessments in front of conventional quantitative evaluations. In the paper the AA. report their first attempt with conventional slides of epidermoid carcinomas of the larynx, taken from the files. The aim has been to check out the contribution of this procedure compared with other traditional pathological techniques.