RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The role of dairy foods in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been controversial and it is debatable if patients with IBD should avoid milk and dairy products or not, as well as the relationship between these foods and symptoms among those population. OBJECTIVE: This multi centric cross-sectional study designed to evaluate if it is really necessary to deprive IBD patients from consumption of dairy foods. METHODS: A multicenter study with 12 gastroenterology referral centers in four countries was designed to evaluate gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms after consumption of dairy foods from all outpatients with IBD during 6 months and to compare patients treated at the same centers without IBD (non IBD cases). RESULTS: Overall 1888 cases included (872 IBD patients and 1016 non IBD cases). 56.6% of participants were female with average age of 40.1 years. Racially 79.8% participants were Caucasians and originally they were citizens of 10 countries. Relative prevalence of IBD was higher in Africans and Indians and the most frequent prevalence of dairy foods intolerance was seen in Asians. Among IBD patients, 571 cases diagnosed as ulcerative colitis and 189 participants as Crohn's disease. Average duration of diagnosis as IBD was 6.8 years (from 2 months to 35 years). The most prevalent GI symptoms after consumption of all the dairy foods were bloating and abdominal pain. Totally, intolerance of dairy foods and lactase deficiency was more prevalent among IBD patients in comparison with non IBD cases (65.5% vs 46.1%, P=0.0001). But the rate of GI complains among IBD patients who had not any family history of lactase deficiency, history of food sensitivity or both were 59.91%, 52.87% & 50.33% respectively and similar to non IBD cases (P=0.68, 0.98 & 0.99 respectively). CONCLUSION: The rate of dairy foods intolerance among IBD patients without family history of lactase deficiency or history of food sensitivity is similar to non IBD cases and probably there is no reason to deprive them from this important source of dietary calcium, vitamin D and other nutrients.
Assuntos
Colite Ulcerativa , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais , Adulto , Doença Crônica , Estudos Transversais , Laticínios/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Lactase , MasculinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Many dietary guidelines encourage low-fat dairy products; however, recent studies have found null and inverse associations between high-fat dairy intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We examined the association between the intake of total dairy and different types of dairy and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, in Mexican women. METHODS AND RESULTS: Dairy consumption was assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in 1759 women in the Mexican Teachers' Cohort (MTC) study who were free of CVD or cancer. We categorized participants according to total dairy intake and consumption of four mutually exclusive dairy groups: high-fat, low-fat, yogurt, and dairy with added sugars. IMT and atherosclerotic plaque were measured by B-mode ultrasonography. Subclinical atherosclerosis was defined as an IMT ≥0.8 mm and/or the presence of plaque. Multivariable linear regression and logistic regression models were used to respectively assess the mean percentage difference of mean IMT and odds ratios (OR) for subclinical atherosclerosis across quantiles of dairy consumption. Mean (±SD) age was 45.4 ± 5.0 years and the median (interquartile range: IQR) total dairy consumption was 11.0 (6.6, 17.1) servings/week. After adjusting for lifestyle, clinical, and dietary factors, comparing the highest category of consumption, to the lowest, total dairy was associated with increased IMT (2.6%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.6, 4.3; p-trend<0.01). Moreover, yogurt consumption was associated with lower odds of subclinical atherosclerosis (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.91; p-trend = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: While total dairy consumption was associated with carotid wall thickening, yogurt consumption was related to lower subclinical atherosclerosis.
Assuntos
Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/epidemiologia , Laticínios/efeitos adversos , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Açúcares da Dieta/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doenças Assintomáticas , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , Estudos Transversais , Dieta com Restrição de Gorduras , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Iogurte/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Desde una perspectiva histórica, el consumo de leche de otros mamíferos y sus derivados ha jugado un rol importante en el desarrollo de la sociedad humana. Sin embargo, en los últimos años se han planteado dudas respecto al real beneficio del consumo de productos lácteos y suplementos de calcio en la salud ósea. Más aún, se les han atribuido potenciales efectos adversos como el incremento del riesgo cardiovascular, aumento en la incidencia de cáncer, trastornos digestivos, nefrolitiasis y una mayor mortalidad. Si bien la evidencia disponible puede ser controversial, en la mayoría de los casos desmiente categóricamente estas afirmaciones.En esta revisión de la literatura, intentamos despejar las inquietudes respecto al beneficio y riesgo del consumo de lácteos, suplementos de calcio y Vitamina D.
From the historical perspective, milk and dairy product consumption has played an important role in the development of human society. However, in the recent years, some doubts have been raised regarding the benefits of dairy food consumption and calcium supplements on bone health. Additionally, potential adverse effects have been attributed to their use, such as increased cardiovascular risk, increased incidence of cancer, digestive troubles, nephrolithiasis and increased mortality rate. Although the available evidence may be controversial, in most cases it categorically refutes these statements.In this review of the literature, we try to address concerns regarding benefit and risks of consumption of dairy products, calcium and vitamin D supplements.
Assuntos
Humanos , Vitamina D/efeitos adversos , Cálcio/efeitos adversos , Laticínios/efeitos adversos , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
RESUMEN La enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) sigue siendo la principal causa de muerte en los países occidentales, aunque ha habido una disminución sustancial en su incidencia en las últimas 2 décadas. A pesar de la reducción en la incidencia, la prevalencia de ECV sigue creciendo debido al aumento de la población que envejece en estos países. Entre los factores modificables de las ECV se pueden nombrar la diabetes (DM) y la hipertensión arterial (HTA). Los lácteos son un grupo de alimentos heterogéneos con productos que difieren en el contenido de agua, cantidad de fermentación y nutrientes como grasa y sodio, y ha excepción de lácteos bajos en grasa, no se ven como alimentos saludables en la prevención de estas 2 enfermedades. El presente trabajo muestra los resultados especialmente de metaanálisis de los últimos años que relacionan el consumo de lácteos con DM e HTA.
ABSTRACT Although there has been a substantial decrease in cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence in the last 2 decades, it remains the leading cause of death in Western countries. Despite a reduction in incidence, the prevalence of CVD continues to grow due to the increase in the aging population in these countries. Among the modifiable factors of CVD we can name diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure. Dairy products are a group of heterogeneous foods with products that differ in water content, amount of fermentation and nutrients such as fat and sodium, and, except for low-fat dairy products, they are not seen as healthy foods in the prevention of these 2 diseases. The present work shows the results of a meta-analysis of the last years that relate the consumption of dairy products with diabetes and high blood pressure.
Assuntos
Humanos , Laticínios/efeitos adversos , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Iogurte/efeitos adversos , Queijo/efeitos adversos , Leite/efeitos adversos , Diabetes Mellitus/etiologia , Hipertensão/etiologiaRESUMO
The aim was to evaluate whether the ingestion of a high protein diet containing dairy protein is associated with anthropometric indicators of adiposity and blood glucose. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with volunteers of 20-89 years of age who performed leisure physical activity. We assessed dietary intake, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), triceps skinfold thickness (TSFT), random blood glucose as well as sociodemographic and behavioral variables. RESULTS: A total of 418 individuals were evaluated. The consumption of a high-protein diet (1.80 ± 0.49 g/kg/day) was found in 37.8% of individuals, which showed lower BMI, WC, TSFT and blood glucose concentrations compared to those with a low-protein diet (0.56 ± 0.18 g/kg/day). Dairy products consumption was inversely associated with BMI when adjusted for sex and age (odds ratio (OR): 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68-0.93, p = 0.004) and by sex, age, fiber and energy (OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.67-0.92; p = 0.004), and with blood glucose when adjusted for sex and age (OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.74-0.99; p = 0.042). Cheese consumption was inversely associated with blood glucose when adjusted for sex and age (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55-0.96, p = 0.023) and by sex, age, calories and fibers (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.56-0.98, p = 0.036). Two portions of cheeses/day reduced the risk of having high blood glucose levels by approximately 80%. CONCLUSION: A high-protein diet containing dairy food, in particular two servings of cheese, was associated with low BMI and random glucose concentration.
Assuntos
Glicemia/análise , Índice de Massa Corporal , Laticínios/efeitos adversos , Dieta Rica em Proteínas/métodos , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Adiposidade , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antropometria , Queijo , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Atividades de Lazer , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Dobras Cutâneas , Circunferência da Cintura , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: Este documento técnico se realiza a solicitud de la Dirección General de Intervenciones Estratégicas en Salud Pública. a) Cuadro clínico: La alergia alimentaria (AA) asociada a IgE afecta aproximadamente al 3% de la población en países desarrollados y tiene efectos severos en la vida diaria de los pacientes. Las manifestaciones se producen no solo en el tracto gastrointestinal, sino que también afectan a otros órganos. La alergia alimentaria es más común en niños. El síntoma más frecuente en la niñez de la AA es la diarrea, vómitos y dermatitis atópica. Si bien el principal tratamiento de las alergias alimentarias es el retiro del alérgeno (sustancia que causa la alergia), es importante preservar la nutrición del paciente especialmente en pacientes en crecimiento. Es por esto, que se requeriría nutrición suplementaria en estos pacientes. b) Tecnología sanitaria: La fórmula no láctea a base de aminoácidos libres (FAAL) es una fórmula hipoalergenénicas que contienen proteínas de estructura simple (aminoácidos). Estas FAAL son complementadas con carbohidratos, lípidos y micronutrientes. Este tipo de FAAL se indica en paciente que requieren nutrición complementaria y elemental debido a que presentan alergia a una proteína específica. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad así como documentos relacionados a la decisión de cobertura de la formula no láctea a base de aminoácidos libres para alergia alimentaria múltiple. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó una búsqueda en las principales bases de datos bibliográficas: MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS, COCHRANE, así como en buscadores genéricos de Internet incluyendo Google Scholar y TRIPDATABASE. Se seleccionaron estudios comparativos que contestaran nuestra pregunta de investigación. Adicionalmente, se hizo una búsqueda dentro de la información generada por las principales instituciones internacionales de nutrición y agencias de tecnologías sanitarias que realizan revisiones sistemáticas (RS), evaluación de tecnologías sanitarias (ETS) y guías de práctica clínica (GPC). RESULTADOS: No se encontraron estudios comparativos de la tecnología de interés. Se seleccionaron una GPC y una ETS. CONCLUSIONES: La evidencia disponible con respecto a la FAAL es escasa y de baja calidad metodológica. No se encontraron estudios acerca de la eficacia y seguridad de la tecnología en comparación con otras fórmulas o terapias. Sin embargo, una guía de práctica clínica la recomienda en casos específicos de alergia alimentaria por leche de vaca. Un documento de evaluación de tecnología sanitaria coinciden en que la evidencia disponible es de baja calidad, pero a través de opinión de expertos, recomiendan la tecnología en pacientes con gastroenteropatías eosinofílicas (incluida la alergia alimentaria múltiple).
Assuntos
Humanos , Alimentos Formulados , Laticínios/efeitos adversos , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar , Aminoácidos/administração & dosagem , Avaliação da Tecnologia Biomédica , Análise Custo-EficiênciaRESUMO
Recent studies have suggested the possible effect of dairy product intake on cardiovascular risk markers, including arterial stiffness. Our aim was to investigate whether dairy food intake is associated with arterial stiffness, which we assessed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and pulse pressure (PP) in a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data (20082010; n = 12,892) of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Dairy consumption was evaluated with a validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) by computing servings per day for total and subgroups of dairy products. Dairy consumption was described in four categories (≤1 serving/day to >4 servings/day). Covariance analysis (ANCOVA) was used to compare cfPWV across increasing intake of dairy food, adjusting for confounding factors, including non-dairy food groups. The intake of total dairy was inversely associated with cfPWV and PP (0.13 m/s and 1.3 mmHg, from the lowest and to the highest category of dairy intake). Low-fat dairy, fermented dairy and cheese showed an inverse relationship with cfPWV and PP. These findings suggest a beneficial effect of dairy consumption to reduce arterial stiffness. However, further evidence from longitudinal studies or long-term intervention is needed to support reduction of cfPWV and PP mediating the beneficial effects of dairy products on cardiovascular health.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Queijo , Laticínios , Dieta com Restrição de Gorduras , Alimentos Fermentados , Rigidez Vascular , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/fisiopatologia , Queijo/efeitos adversos , Queijo/microbiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Fatores de Confusão Epidemiológicos , Estudos Transversais , Laticínios/efeitos adversos , Laticínios/microbiologia , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Alimentos Fermentados/efeitos adversos , Alimentos Fermentados/microbiologia , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise de Onda de Pulso , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , AutorrelatoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dairy product consumption and plasma inflammatory biomarkers levels among a representative sample of Brazilian adults from São Paulo City. METHODS: Data were acquired from the Health Survey for São Paulo, a cross-sectional population-based study. All individuals 20 to 59 y of age with complete food consumption information (24-h dietary recall and food frequency questionnaire) and blood sample analysis were included (N = 259). The sample was separated into two groups according to systemic inflammatory pattern considering plasma levels of C-reactive protein; tumor necrosis factor-α; soluble intracellular adhesion molecule; soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule, monocyte chemoattractant protein; interleukin-1ß, -6, -8, -10, and -12; adiponectin; leptin; and homocysteine. Multiple logistic regression tests were conducted to estimate the odds ratio for the inflammatory cluster across tertiles of dairy consumption. RESULTS: When adjusted by age, smoking status, and energy intake the odds ratio for the inflammatory cluster group in the highest tertile of yogurt consumption was 0.34 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14-0.81) relative to the reference tertile, demonstrating also a linear effect (Ptrend = 0.015). Cheese consumption exhibited an odds ratio of 2.49 (95% CI, 1.09-5.75) relative to the reference. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing yogurt consumption might have a protective effect on inflammation, whereas cheese consumption appears to be associated with a proinflammatory status. The results of the present study aggregate a new perspective on existing evidence demonstrating the importance of assessing the contribution of dairy products on diet and their effect on the development of non-communicable diseases and associated risk factors.
Assuntos
Queijo/efeitos adversos , Laticínios/efeitos adversos , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Mediadores da Inflamação/sangue , Iogurte/efeitos adversos , Adiponectina/sangue , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Ingestão de Energia , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Homocisteína/sangue , Humanos , Interleucinas/sangue , Leptina/sangue , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas Quimioatraentes de Monócitos/sangue , Doenças não Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Razão de Chances , Fatores de Risco , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) clinical trials and other studies have demonstrated a relationship between diet and cardiovascular outcomes in adults, yet little is known of this relationship in children. Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States, with similar increases in hypertension among this population. The purpose of our study was to examine the association between dairy intake and blood pressure (BP) in a cohort of children and adolescents (aged 4-17 years) enrolled in a weight management program. METHODS AND RESULTS: Dietary intake was assessed using the Block Kids 2004 food frequency questionnaire in a cross-sectional sample of participants enrolled in the Pediatric Metabolic Syndrome Study at the Children's Hospital (Charleston, SC). BP and other anthropometrics were obtained at baseline. Only children with complete baseline data and food frequency questionnaires were included in this analysis (n=117). Associations between food group/nutrient intake and BP were examined across race and sex using ANOVA and Pearson correlations. Linear regression models were controlled for body mass index and age. In the total sample, a significant inverse relationship was found between the intake of dairy and systolic BP (r=-0.24, P=0.009). The effect of dairy on systolic BP, however, differed by race. We observed a decrease of 11.2 mm Hg for each serving of dairy consumed by white children, and no decrease in systolic BP in black children (P=0.001 for the race-dairy serving interaction). CONCLUSIONS: Nutrition professionals must consider nonnutrition factors contributing to childhood hypertension, as current dietary recommendations appear to have differential outcomes across races.
Assuntos
Negro ou Afro-Americano , Pressão Sanguínea , Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Hipertensão/terapia , Obesidade Infantil/terapia , Redução de Peso , População Branca , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Análise de Variância , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Laticínios/efeitos adversos , Gorduras na Dieta/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Hospitais Pediátricos , Humanos , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/etnologia , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Estado Nutricional , Obesidade Infantil/diagnóstico , Obesidade Infantil/etnologia , Obesidade Infantil/fisiopatologia , Recomendações Nutricionais , Fatores de Risco , South Carolina , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Obesity represents nowadays a significant health problem, leading to multiple efforts in order to identify its causal factors and the prophylactic and therapeutic approaches for its attention. Dairy intake is among the dietary factors that have been studied, and they frequently, but not consistently nor conclusively, have shown to be protective factors for the development of overweight, obesity and their comorbidities. Current literature addresses the reason underlying the association between dairy intake and obesity from two explanatory lines: the contribution of these products to total energy intake and the influence of some of their nutritional components -mainly calcium, protein and fat- on the underlying processes for the development of this condition. The objective of this article is to review the current knowledge on these topics.