RESUMO
Blood indicators are used as a tool to diagnose metabolic disorders. The present work was conducted to study the relationships among blood indicators of lipomobilization and hepatic function in high-yielding dairy cows. Two groups of Holstein cows were studied: 27 early lactation cows and 14 mid lactation cows from four different herds with similar husbandry characteristics in Galicia, Spain. Blood samples were obtained to measure beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglycerides (TG), and the activity of aspartate transaminase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Cows in early lactation had higher levels of BHB and NEFA than mid lactation cows. High lipomobilization (NEFA > 400 µmol/L) was detected in 67% and 7% of early lactation and mid lactation cows, respectively, while subclinical ketosis (BHB > 1.2 mmol/L) was detected in 41% and 28% of the early lactation and lactation cows, respectively. TG concentrations were low in all cows suffering subclinical ketosis and in 61% of the cows with high lipomobilization. During early lactation, 30% of cows suffered hepatic lipidosis as detected by levels of AST. Compromised hepatic function was observed in early lactation cows as shown by lower concentrations of glucose, total protein, and urea.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Cetose/veterinária , Mobilização Lipídica , Lipidoses/veterinária , Ácido 3-Hidroxibutírico/sangue , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Glicemia/análise , Glicemia/metabolismo , Proteínas Sanguíneas/análise , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/sangue , Ácidos Graxos não Esterificados/sangue , Feminino , Cetose/sangue , Cetose/diagnóstico , Lactação , Lipidoses/sangue , Lipidoses/diagnóstico , Testes de Função Hepática/veterinária , Espanha , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Ureia/sangue , gama-Glutamiltransferase/sangueRESUMO
To evaluate the association between corneal lipid infiltration (corneal arcus) and dietary cholesterol in Cuban tree frogs (Osteopilus septentrionalis), 47 wild-caught frogs were fed diets of either regular or high-cholesterol crickets containing 0.7% and 1.7% cholesterol dry matter, respectively. Serum total cholesterol and triglycerides were measured when the frogs were euthanized after 17 mo. In a subsample of frogs, serum lipoproteins were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography. The first case of corneal lipid deposition occurred in a female frog after 13 mo on the high-cholesterol diet. In the subsequent 4 mo, 5/11 males and 11/35 females developed the disease. Four of these affected frogs were females on the regular diet. Frogs with corneal lipid deposition had elevated serum total cholesterol (27.3 +/- 19.8 mmol/L) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL, 17.8 +/- 18.9 mmol/L) compared with unaffected captive frogs (16.5 +/- 20.4 and 9.0 +/- 7.6 mmol/L, respectively). Corneal lipid deposition was more prevalent in frogs on the high-cholesterol diet, and this group had higher serum total cholesterol (34.1 +/- 15.2 mmol/L in females, 22.8 +/- 14.8 mmol/L in males) than did frogs on the diet of regular crickets (12.3 +/- 8.7 mmol/L in females, 10.4 +/- 3.1 mmol/L in males). Captive frogs on both diets had higher serum total cholesterol than did wild frogs (3.1 +/- 2.1 mmo/L in females, 5.3 +/- 2.6 mmo/L in males). This additional serum cholesterol was primarily carried on very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and LDL rather than high-density lipoproteins (HDL), as indicated by the significantly higher ratio of VLDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol over HDL cholesterol in captive frogs compared with wild frogs. Elevation in this ratio was significantly higher in captive females than in captive males. There was no evidence that increased serum cholesterol in captive females was directly related to the process of vitellogenesis.
Assuntos
Anuros/metabolismo , Colesterol na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Doenças da Córnea/veterinária , Lipidoses/veterinária , Lipídeos/sangue , Animais , Animais Selvagens , Animais de Zoológico , Anuros/sangue , Colesterol/sangue , Colesterol na Dieta/efeitos adversos , Doenças da Córnea/sangue , Doenças da Córnea/etiologia , Feminino , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Lipidoses/sangue , Lipidoses/etiologia , Masculino , Distribuição Aleatória , Estações do Ano , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Vitelogênese/fisiologiaRESUMO
Se determinaron los niveles de lípidos y lipoproteínas en 152 niños y adolescentes con diabetes mellitus insulino dependiente y en 228 de sus hermanos no diabéticos. Los valores medios de colesterol en los diabéticos *171 ñ 33 mg/dL en los varones y 199 ñ 53 mg/dL en las mujeres) fueron significativamente mayores de los del grupo control (158 ñ 30 mg/dL y 164 ñ 33 mg/dL, respectivamente). Las prevalencias de hipercolesterolemia e hipertrigliceridemia fueron más altas en los pacientes diabéticos, con significancia estadística sólo para el sexo femenino (40 por ciento vs 12 por ciento, p<0.005 para la primera, y 30 por ciento vs 9 por ciento, p<0.005 para la segunda). El descontrol metabólico se asoció significativamente a incrementos en el colesterol total, colesterol de LDL, triglicéridos y a disminución del colesterol de HDL. Los pacientes bien controlados tuvieron un perfil de lípidos similar al de sus hermanos. Estos datos apoyan la hipótesis de que el descontrol metabólico contribuye a la alta prevalencia de anormalidades lipoproteicas en el paciente diabético; también señalan la necesidad de vigilar periódicamente su patrón lipídico y, especialmente, reforzar el control metabólico y los lineamientos de una alimentación apropiada