RESUMO
Epidemiological studies and animal models suggest an association between high levels of dietary fat intake and an increased risk of breast cancer. In breast cancer cells, the free fatty acid oleic acid (OLA) induces proliferation, migration, invasion and an increase of MMP-9 secretion. However, the role of OLA on Stat5 activation and the participation of COX-2 and LOXs activity in Stat5 activation induced by OLA remain to be investigated. We demonstrate here that stimulation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with 100 µM OLA induces Stat5 phosphorylation at Tyr-694 and an increase of Stat5-DNA complex formation. The Stat5 DNA-binding activity requires COX-2, LOXs, metalloproteinases and Src activities. In addition, OLA induces cell migration through a Stat5-dependent pathway. In summary, our findings establish that OLA induces cell migration through a Stat5-dependent pathway and that Stat5 activation requires AA metabolites in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
Assuntos
Ácido Araquidônico/metabolismo , Ácido Oleico/fisiologia , Fator de Transcrição STAT5/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Dipeptídeos/farmacologia , Ensaio de Desvio de Mobilidade Eletroforética , Feminino , Humanos , Indóis/farmacologia , Ácido Linoleico/farmacologia , Ácido Linoleico/fisiologia , Lipoxigenases/metabolismo , Células MCF-7 , Inibidores de Metaloproteinases de Matriz/farmacologia , Metaloproteinases da Matriz/metabolismo , Ácido Oleico/farmacologia , Ligação Proteica , Transdução de Sinais , Sulfonamidas/farmacologia , Quinases da Família src/antagonistas & inibidores , Quinases da Família src/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies and animal models suggest a link between high levels of dietary fat intake and an increased risk of developing breast cancer. Particularly, free fatty acids (FFAs) are involved in several processes, including proliferation, migration and invasion, in breast cancer cells. Linoleic acid (LA) is a dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid that is known to induce proliferation and invasion in breast cancer cells. So far, however, the contribution of LA to focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation and cell migration in breast cancer cells has not been studied. RESULTS: Here, we show that LA promotes FAK and Src activation, as well as cell migration, in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. FAK activation and cell migration require Src, Gi/Go, COX-2 and LOXs activities, whereas both are independent of Δ6 desaturase activity. In addition, we show that cell migration requires FAK activity, whereas FAK activation requires Src activity, thus suggesting a reciprocal catalytic activation mechanism of FAK and Src. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, our findings show that LA induces FAK activation and cell migration in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
Assuntos
Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Proteína-Tirosina Quinases de Adesão Focal/metabolismo , Ácido Linoleico/farmacologia , Lipoxigenases/metabolismo , Western Blotting , Neoplasias da Mama/enzimologia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/fisiologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Ativação Enzimática/fisiologia , Feminino , Subunidades alfa Gi-Go de Proteínas de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismo , Humanos , Linoleoil-CoA Desaturase/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas pp60(c-src)/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a distinct clinical entity characterized by eosinophilic rhinosinusitis, asthma and often nasal polyposis. Exposure to aspirin or other nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) exacerbates bronchospasms with asthma and rhinitis. Disease progression suggests a skewing towards TH2 type cellular response along with moderate to severe eosinophil and mast cell infiltration. Alterations in upper and lower airway cellular milieu with abnormalities in eicosanoid metabolism and altered eicosanoid receptor expression are the key features underlying AERD pathogenesis. Dysregulation of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, notably reduced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis compared to their aspirin tolerant counterpart and relatively increased PGD2 production, a TH2/eosinophil chemoattractant are reported in AERD. Underproduced PGE2 is metabolized by overexpression of 15 prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) to inactive products further reducing PGE2 at real time. This relives the inhibitory effect of PGE2 on 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) resulting in overproduction of cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs). Diminished formation of CysLT antagonists called lipoxins (LXs) also augments CysLTs responsiveness. Occasional intake of NSAIDs favors even more 5-LOX product formation, further narrowing the bronchoconstrictive bottle neck, resulting in acute asthmatic exacerbations along with increased mucus production. This review focuses on abnormalities in biochemical and molecular mechanisms in eicosanoid biosynthesis, eicosanoid receptor dysregulation and associated polymorphisms with special reference to arachidonic acid metabolism in AERD.
Assuntos
Asma Induzida por Aspirina/fisiopatologia , Ácido Araquidônico/metabolismo , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Eicosanoides/metabolismo , Humanos , Lipoxinas/metabolismo , Lipoxigenases/metabolismoRESUMO
The acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4) is increased in breast cancer, colon and hepatocellular carcinoma. ACSL4 mainly esterifies arachidonic acid (AA) into arachidonoyl-CoA, reducing free AA intracellular levels, which is in contradiction with the need for AA metabolites in tumorigenesis. Therefore, the causal role of ACSL4 is still not established. This study was undertaken to determine the role of ACSL4 in AA metabolic pathway in breast cancer cells. The first novel finding is that ACSL4 regulates the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the production of prostaglandin in MDA-MB-231 cells. We also found that ACSL4 is significantly up-regulated in the highly aggressive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. In terms of its overexpression and inhibition, ACSL4 plays a causal role in the control of the aggressive phenotype. These results were confirmed by the increase in the aggressive behaviour of MCF-7 cells stably transfected with a Tet-off ACSL4 vector. Concomitantly, another significant finding was that intramitochondrial AA levels are significantly higher in the aggressive cells. Thus, the esterification of AA by ACSL4 compartmentalizes the release of AA in mitochondria, a mechanism that serves to drive the specific lipooxygenase metabolization of the fatty acid. To our knowledge, this is the first report that ACSL4 expression controls both lipooxygenase and cyclooxygenase metabolism of AA. Thus, this functional interaction represents an integrated system that regulates the proliferating and metastatic potential of cancer cells. Therefore, the development of combinatory therapies that profit from the ACSL4, lipooxygenase and COX-2 synergistic action may allow for lower medication doses and avoidance of side effects.
Assuntos
Coenzima A Ligases/genética , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Lipoxigenases/genética , Araquidonato 12-Lipoxigenase/genética , Araquidonato 12-Lipoxigenase/metabolismo , Ácido Araquidônico/metabolismo , Western Blotting , Neoplasias da Mama/enzimologia , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Coenzima A Ligases/metabolismo , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Lipoxigenases/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Prostaglandinas/metabolismo , Interferência de RNA , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
The bacterium Helicobacter pylori causes peptic ulcers and gastric cancer in human beings by mechanisms yet not fully understood. H. pylori produces urease which neutralizes the acidic medium permitting its survival in the stomach. We have previously shown that ureases from jackbean, soybean or Bacillus pasteurii induce blood platelet aggregation independently of their enzyme activity by a pathway requiring platelet secretion, activation of calcium channels and lipoxygenase-derived eicosanoids. We investigated whether H. pylori urease displays platelet-activating properties and defined biochemical pathways involved in this phenomenon. For that the effects of purified recombinant H. pylori urease (HPU) added to rabbit platelets were assessed turbidimetrically. ATP secretion and production of lipoxygenase metabolites by activated platelets were measured. Fluorescein-labelled HPU bound to platelets but not to erythrocytes. HPU induced aggregation of rabbit platelets (ED(50) 0.28 microM) accompanied by ATP secretion. No correlation was found between platelet activation and ureolytic activity of HPU. Platelet aggregation was blocked by esculetin (12-lipoxygenase inhibitor) and enhanced approximately 3-fold by indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor). A metabolite of 12-lipoxygenase was produced by platelets exposed to HPU. Platelet responses to HPU did not involve platelet-activating factor, but required activation of verapamil-inhibitable calcium channels. Our data show that purified H. pylori urease activates blood platelets at submicromolar concentrations. This property seems to be common to ureases regardless of their source (plant or bacteria) or quaternary structure (single, di- or tri-chain proteins). These properties of HPU could play an important role in pathogenesis of gastrointestinal and associated cardiovascular diseases caused by H. pylori.