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Introducción: La incidencia de fístula colecistocutánea ha disminuido debido al abordaje quirúrgico precoz de los pacientes con litiasis vesicular. Objetivo: Presentar un caso de fístula colecistocutánea secundaria a colecistopatía litiásica crónica. Caso clínico: Paciente femenina de 87 años de edad que fue atendida en los servicios de urgencia de cirugía luego de haber sufrido, 2 semanas antes, dolor en hipocondrio derecho acompañado de aumento de volumen progresivo de dicha región. Al examen físico se constató secreción espontánea de bilis oscura de carácter continuo por orificio fistuloso. Se decide llevar al salón de operaciones y se le realizó colecistectomía de cuello a fondo y colangiografía transcística visualizándose litos. Se procedió a realizar coledocotomía, extracción de cálculos con lavado de la vía biliar y se colocó sonda en T. La evolución fue satisfactoria. Conclusiones: El tratamiento combinado de cirugía y antibioterapia es curativo(AU)

Introduction: The incidence of cholecystocutaneous fistula has decreased due to the early surgical managment of patients with vesicular lithiasis. Objective: To present a case of cholecystocutaneous fistula secondary to chronic lithiasic cholecystopathy. Clinical case: An 87-year-old female patient was attended in the emergency surgical services after having suffered, two weeks earlier, pain in the right hypochondrium accompanied by progressive increase in volume in that region. Physical examination revealed spontaneous discharge of dark bile continuously through a fistulous orifice. The patient was decided to be taken to the operating room, where she was performed a profound infundibulum cholecystectomy and transcystic cholangiography, lithiasis being visualized. The next considered step was choledochotomy for stone extraction with bile duct lavage, and a T-tube was placed. Evolution was satisfactory. Conclusions: The treatment combining surgery and antibiotic therapy is curative(AU)

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RESUMEN La litiasis vesicular asociada a coledocolitiasis puede tener distintos tratamientos, endoscópicos o quirúrgicos, dependiendo del paciente, el entrenamiento del personal médico y de la disponibilidad de instrumental. Ninguno ha demostrado estar exento de complicaciones. Presentamos dos técnicas tendientes a mejorar los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de la coledocolitiasis. Una es la extracción transcística de coledocolitiasis y stent, en pacientes que fueron tratados endoscópicamente por colangitis, tendiente a resolver el problema (la litiasis vesicular, la coledocolitiasis y el stent) en un solo tiempo por cirugía laparoscópica. La segunda es una nueva indicación de una técnica ya descripta, la dilatación papilar anterógrada con balón, utilizada en este caso para disminuir las fugas biliares tras un cierre primario de colédoco.

ABSTRACT Cholelithiasis associated with choledocholithiasis may have different treatments, either by endoscopy or surgery, depending on the patient, level of training of the medical staff and availability of instruments. None of them is free of complications. We report two non-conventional techniques aimed at improving the results of the management of choledocholithiasis. Transcystic removal of common bile duct stones and stent in patients who underwent endoscopic treatment for cholangitis is one of these new techniques to manage cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis and stent removal in a single procedure through laparoscopy. The second technique is a new indication of a previously described procedure, antegrade balloon papillary dilation to reduce biliary leaks after primary closure of the common bile duct.

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Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 40 años portadora de litiasis biliar sintomática que se operó de coordinación por abordaje laparoscópico

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BACKGROUND: Intrahepatic lithiasis (IHL) is a rare disease in the western world. Complications associated with IHL include acute cholangitis, liver atrophy, secondary biliary cirrhosis, and risk for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Liver resection is considered the treatment of choice for IHL. The objective of this study was to analyze patients who underwent liver resection for non-Asian hepatolithiasis. METHODS: 127 patients with symptomatic non-Asian hepatolithiasis underwent resection in six institutions. Demographic data, clinical presentation, diagnosis, classification according to stone location, presence of atrophy, bile duct stricture, biliary cirrhosis, incidence of cholangiocarcinoma, treatment and postoperative course were evaluated. RESULTS: 52 patients (40.9%) were male and the mean age was 46.1 years. Sixty-six patients (51.9%) presented with history of cholangitis. Stones were located in the left lobe in 63 (49.6%), and right lobe in 28 patients (22.0%). Atrophy was observed in 31 patients (24.4%) and biliary stenosis in 18 patients (14.1%). The most common procedure performed was left lateral sectionectomy in 63 (49.6%) patients, followed by left hepatectomy in 36 (28.3%), right hepatectomy in 19 (15.0%), and associated hepaticojejunostomy in 28 (22.0%). Forty-two patients (33.0%) presented postoperative complications and the most common were biliary fistula (13.3%) and surgical site infection (7.0%). Postoperative mortality was 0.7%. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was observed in 2 patients (1.5%). Recurrence was identified in 10 patients (7.8%), mostly with bilateral stones and/or hepaticojejunostomy. CONCLUSION: Liver resection is the standard treatment for symptomatic unilateral or complicated IHL with good operative results. Risk of cholangiocarcinoma was low in non-Asian patients.

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ABSTRACT Conjunctival concretions are single or clustered lesions frequently found on the palpebral conjunctiva. They are commonly present in older individuals, despite being rarely symptomatic. This case report describes an 83-year-old man with multiple conjunctival concretions, which were surgically treated. The patient was symptomatic on presentation and did not respond to conservative treatment. For this reason, a surgical approach was considered. After wide excision of the conjunctival lesions, a piece of amniotic membrane was fitted using fibrin glue. During follow-up, a markedly improvement in patient's symptoms was observed, along with nearly complete absence of conjunctival concretions. This is the first case report addressing extensive conjunctival concretions with a surgical approach using amniotic membrane. The authors conceived the technique described after noticing the limited clinical options in the literature. This technique was easily performed and achieved satisfactory results.

RESUMO As concreções conjuntivais representam lesões amareladas, simples ou múltiplas, frequentemente encontradas na conjuntiva palpebral. São mais prevalentes em idades avançadas e raramente sintomáticas. Este relato de caso descreve o quadro clínico de um paciente de 83 anos com múltiplas concreções conjuntivais, cirurgicamente tratadas. Por se tratar de um paciente sintomático com resposta insuficiente ao tratamento conservador, foi considerada a abordagem cirúrgica. Após remoção das lesões, foi aplicado um enxerto de membrana amniótica, adaptado com cola de fibrina. No acompanhamento pós-operatório, verificou-se melhoria significativa dos sintomas, com desaparecimento quase total das concreções conjuntivais. Este é o primeiro caso que descreve uma abordagem cirúrgica com utilização de membrana amniótica na resolução desse tipo de lesões. A técnica, de fácil execução e com resultados muito favoráveis, foi desenvolvida pelos autores após constatarem a escassez de alternativas na literatura.

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RESUMEN Anteriormente, cuando se diagnosticaba litiasis en la vía biliar, el procedimiento consistía en una co lecistectomía, coledocotomía, extracción de los cálculos y colocación de un drenaje de Kehr. En otros casos se podía hacer papiloesfinteroplastia o una derivación biliodigestiva. Actualmente tenemos mu chas herramientas diagnósticas y terapéuticas como la colangiorresonancia, la pancreatocolangio grafía retrógrada endoscópica, la cirugía laparoscópica de la vía biliar, la ecoendoscopia y la ecografía intraoperatoria. Los procesos de decisiones son más complejos y sin un sustento con evidencia con cluyente. Tenemos estudios que enfocan parceladamente el tema, por lo que, dependiendo de si el diagnóstico se hace antes o durante la colecistectomía laparoscópica, el cirujano empleará su sentido común individualizando cada caso. El manejo ideal de la litiasis de la vía biliar sigue siendo motivo de controversia. Decidir por un manejo endoscópico, laparoscópico o convencional requiere logística, entrenamiento y juicio clínico adecua dos. La cirugía convencional sigue siendo una opción vigente.

ABSTRACT Previously, when a surgeon diagnosed bile duct lithiasis, he/she performed cholecystectomy, chole docotomy, stone removal and placement of a Kehr's "T" tube. Some cases might require sphinctero plasty or bilio-digestive bypass. Nowadays, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, endosco pic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic ultrasound and intraoperative ultrasound have emerged as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Decision-making processes are complex and there is no conclusive evidence supporting them. Many studies have focused on the matter with a non-compre hensive approach so that each surgeon will use his/her common sense for each individual case. The optimal management of the common bile duct is still controversial. Deciding on endoscopic, lapa roscopic or conventional management requires adequate training and clinical judgment. Conventional surgery is still in valid option.

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BACKGROUND: Primary intrahepatic lithiasis is defined when the stones are formed in the liver and associated with local dilatation and biliary stricture. Liver resection is the ideal procedure. AIM: To evaluate the results of liver resection in the treatment of non-oriental intrahepatic lithiasis. METHODS: Fifty-one patients with symptomatic benign non-oriental hepatolithiasis underwent surgical resection in six institutions in Brazil. Demography data, clinical symptoms, classification, diagnosis, management and postoperative course were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 51 patients, 28 were male (54.9%), with a mean age of 49.3 years. History of cholangitis was observed in 15 (29.4%). The types of intrahepatic lithiasis were type I in 39 (76.5%) and type IIb in 12 (23.5%), with additional type Ea in six (11.8%). Liver function test were normal in 42 patients (82.4%). Segmental atrophy was observed in 12 (23.5%). Treatments included left lateral sectionectomy in 24 (47.1%), left hepatectomy in 14 (27.5%) and right hepatectomy in eight (15.7%), with associated hepaticojejunostomy in four (7.8%). Laparoscopic liver resection was performed in eight (15.7%). Postoperative complications were observed in 20 (39.2%) with no mortality. CONCLUSION: Liver resection in patients with hepatolithiasis is the ideal procedure as it removes stones, stricture, atrophic parenchyma, and minimizes the risk of cholangiocarcinoma.

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ABSTRACT Background: Primary intrahepatic lithiasis is defined when the stones are formed in the liver and associated with local dilatation and biliary stricture. Liver resection is the ideal procedure. Aim: To evaluate the results of liver resection in the treatment of non-oriental intrahepatic lithiasis. Methods: Fifty-one patients with symptomatic benign non-oriental hepatolithiasis underwent surgical resection in six institutions in Brazil. Demography data, clinical symptoms, classification, diagnosis, management and postoperative course were analyzed. Results: Of the 51 patients, 28 were male (54.9%), with a mean age of 49.3 years. History of cholangitis was observed in 15 (29.4%). The types of intrahepatic lithiasis were type I in 39 (76.5%) and type IIb in 12 (23.5%), with additional type Ea in six (11.8%). Liver function test were normal in 42 patients (82.4%). Segmental atrophy was observed in 12 (23.5%). Treatments included left lateral sectionectomy in 24 (47.1%), left hepatectomy in 14 (27.5%) and right hepatectomy in eight (15.7%), with associated hepaticojejunostomy in four (7.8%). Laparoscopic liver resection was performed in eight (15.7%). Postoperative complications were observed in 20 (39.2%) with no mortality. Conclusion: Liver resection in patients with hepatolithiasis is the ideal procedure as it removes stones, stricture, atrophic parenchyma, and minimizes the risk of cholangiocarcinoma.

RESUMO Racional: Litíase intra-hepática primária é definida quando os cálculos são formados dentro do fígado, podendo estar associada à dilatação local e estenosa da via biliar. A ressecção hepática é considerada o procedimento ideal. Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados da ressecção hepática no tratamento da litíase intra-hepática não oriental. Métodos: Cinquenta e um pacientes com hepatolitíase benigna não oriental sintomática foram submetidos à ressecção hepática em seis instituições no Brazil. Os dados demográficos, sintomas clínicos, classificação, diagnóstico, tratamento e evolução pós-operatória foram analisados. Resultados: Dos 51 pacientes havia 28 homens (54,9%), e a idade média era de 49,3 anos. História de colangite foi observada em 15 pacientes (29,4%). Os tipos de litíase observados foram tipo I em 39 (76,5%) e tipo IIb em 12 (23,5%), com o tipo adicional Ea em seis pacientes (11,8%). Os testes de função hepática estavam normais em 42 (82,4%) e atrofia segmentar foi observada em 12 (23,5%). O tratamento incluiu setorectomia lateral esquerda em 24 (47,1%), hepatectomia esquerda em 14 (27,5%) e hepatectomia direita em oito pacientes (15,7%). A hepaticojejunostomia esteve associada ao procedimento inicial em quatro (7,8%). Hepatectomia por videolaparoscopia foi realizada em oito (15,7%). Complicações pós-operatórias foram observadas em 20 pacientes (39,2%) e não houve mortalidade. Conclusão: Ressecção hepática na hepatolitíase é o procedimento ideal, pois remove os cálculos, a estenose, o parênquima atrofiado e minimiza os riscos para colangiocarcinoma.

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