RESUMO
This study was conducted in ewes to assess effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration after imposing an estrous induction treatment regimen. Ewes (n = 115) were treated with a 60 mg medroxyprogesterone-intravaginal-sponge for 6 d plus 200 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) im and 37.5 µg d-cloprostenol im 36 h before sponge removal (Day 0). After natural mating, ewes having at least one corpus luteum (CL; n = 108) were administered either 1 mL of saline (G-Control; n = 53) or 300 IU of hCG (G-hCG; n = 55) on Day 7.5 after sponge removal (Day 0). Ovarian ultrasonography and blood collection were performed on Days 7.5, 13.5, 17.5, 21.5, and 30.5. Accessory CL (aCL) were observed in 81.5 % (G-hCG) and 0.0 % (G-Control) of ewes (P = 0.0001). Diameter, area, and volume of luteal tissue were greater (P < 0.05) in G-hCG from Day 13.5 to 30.5. Progesterone (P4) concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) on Days 13.5, 17.5, 21.5 and 30.5 for ewes of the G-hCG group. Pregnancy percentage was similar (P = 0.25) between groups [47.1 % (G-control) compared with 60.0 % (G-hCG)], although total number of lambs produced by estrous synchronized ewes was greater (P = 0.005) in ewes of the G-hCG group (90.9 % compared with 66.0 %). In conclusion, hCG administration 7.5 days after sponge removal from Morada Nova ewes during the non-breeding season is an effective treatment to induce aCL formation, improve luteal tissue biometry and P4 concentrations, and to enhance the total number of lambs born.
Assuntos
Gonadotropina Coriônica/farmacologia , Corpo Lúteo/efeitos dos fármacos , Sincronização do Estro/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovinos , Animais , Gonadotropina Coriônica/administração & dosagem , Cloprostenol/farmacologia , Anticoncepcionais Orais Hormonais/farmacologia , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Humanos , Luteolíticos/farmacologia , Medroxiprogesterona/administração & dosagem , Medroxiprogesterona/farmacologia , Gravidez , Progesterona/sangue , Substâncias para o Controle da Reprodução/administração & dosagem , Substâncias para o Controle da Reprodução/farmacologiaRESUMO
Twenty-eight pluriparous and non-lactating Santa Inês sheep were synchronized with vaginal sponge and an intramuscular (IM) injection of 37.5 µg of cloprostenol on random days of the estrous cycle (D0); day 6 (D6), at 7:00 am, the devices were removed, and after 24 h (D7), GnRH analog (25 µg of lecirelin) was administrated. Fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) with cervical traction by the transcervical route was performed 52 to 58 h after sponge removal. Doppler velocimetry of both uterine arteries was performed on D0, D2, D4, and the morning of D6 (every 48 h), and then every 12 h from D6 to D8 (7:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m.). We analyzed the peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EVD), time-averaged maximum and mean velocity (TAMAX, TAMEAN), pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D), arterial diameter (AD), and blood flow volume (BFV), with the objective of evaluating the hemodynamic behavior of blood flow velocity parameters of the uterine artery during a short-term progesterone synchronization protocol in ewes. With respect to phases, we noted increases in the means of TAMAX and TAMEAN and decreases of EDV, PI, and RI (P < 0.05). S/D, EDV, TAMEAN, PI, RI, SD, AD, and BFV showed differences between the time of progesterone insertion and the estimated time of ovulation (which was considered the last evaluation) (P < 0.05). The PI and RI values were different when comparing the times of insertion and withdrawal of the progesterone device (PI 2.53-1.54 and RI 0.76-0.68) (P < 0.05). The PI was different with respect to side (P < 0.001), but no side effect was seen in the RI. In conclusion, the two uterine arteries behave differently under the effect of progesterone (intravaginal sponges) and the effect of estradiol during the follicular phase, and estrous phase was responsible for increasing uterine blood flow.
Assuntos
Cloprostenol/farmacologia , Sincronização do Estro , Hemodinâmica , Luteolíticos/farmacologia , Carneiro Doméstico/fisiologia , Útero/irrigação sanguínea , Animais , Feminino , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Oligopeptídeos/administração & dosagem , Ovulação/efeitos dos fármacos , Progesterona , Artéria UterinaRESUMO
We aimed to evaluate the reproductive performance of Nelore lactating cows submitted to a resynchronization 12 days after timed artificial insemination (TAI) with or without a long-acting progesterone (P4-LA) treatment. Nelore cows were submitted to a P4/oestradiol-based TAI protocol (D0 = insemination). On D12, cows in the control group (n = 184) received a new P4 intravaginal device (0.96 g), whereas cows in the P4-LA group (n = 192) received the P4 device and 75 mg P4-LA. Cows identified as non-pregnant (n = 120) by regression of corpus luteum using colour Doppler ultrasonography on D20 had the P4 device removed and received 500ug of sodium cloprostenol, 1 mg of oestradiol cypionate and 300 IU of eCG and were re-inseminated on D22. There was no difference (p > 0.10) in the pregnancy rate at D20, D30 and D60 after first TAI between the control (69%, 59.7% and 57%, respectively) and P4-LA (67%, 55.7%, and 55.2%, respectively) groups. Pregnancy losses were similar between both groups (p > 0.1). For cows submitted to the second TAI, the pre-ovulatory follicle size did not differ (p > 0.1), but the oestrous detection and pregnancy rates were greater (p < 0.05) in the P4-LA group (92.2% [59/64] and 60.9% [39/64], respectively) than in controls (75% [42/56] and 44.6% [25/56]). The cumulative pregnancy rate after two TAIs did not differ (p > 0.1) between control (73.3% [135/184]) and P4-LA (76% [146/192]) groups. The use of P4-LA at 12 days after TAI potentially increases the pregnancy rates for a new early resynchronization strategy associated with the Doppler imaging for pregnancy diagnosis and results in an alternative to perform two TAIs in 22 days in beef cows.
Assuntos
Bovinos , Sincronização do Estro/métodos , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Ovulação/fisiologia , Progesterona/farmacologia , Administração Intravaginal , Animais , Cloprostenol/administração & dosagem , Cloprostenol/farmacologia , Anticoncepcionais Femininos/administração & dosagem , Anticoncepcionais Femininos/farmacologia , Preparações de Ação Retardada , Estradiol/administração & dosagem , Estradiol/análogos & derivados , Estradiol/farmacologia , Feminino , Luteolíticos/administração & dosagem , Luteolíticos/farmacologia , Gravidez , Progesterona/administração & dosagem , Progestinas/administração & dosagem , Progestinas/farmacologiaRESUMO
To compare the effects of PGF2α (dinoprost tromethamine) and D-cloprostenol in a two-dose protocol for estrus synchronization in hair sheep during breeding season in Yucatán, México, two experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, 61 cyclic hair sheep were divided into two groups: G1 (control n = 30), two doses of 50 µg of dinoprost tromethamine IM with 12 days between applications, and G2 (n = 31), two doses of 50 µg of D-cloprostenol IM at the same time interval. For determination of progesterone levels, 16 ewes from each group were randomly selected. In experiment 2, 70 cyclic hair sheep were assigned at the same treatments (G1 and G2, n = 35) and 48 h after the second application, the ewes in estrus were detected by two vasectomized rams. Sheep with detected estrus were inseminated, and 45 days after, pregnant animals were identified by ultrasonography. An exact Fisher's test was performed for the analysis of ewes in estrus (experiments 1 and 2) and number of pregnant ewes (experiment 2); for the comparison of time between end of treatment-estrus presentation, a survival analysis was used. Duration of estrus in hours was analyzed using a generalized mixed model (GLM) ANOVA whereas plasma progesterone concentrations were analyzed by non-linear regression. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the proportion of ewes in estrus upon treatments (G1, 57% vs G2, 87% and G1, 37.1% vs G2, 65.7% in experiments 1 and 2, respectively), and between the end of treatment-onset estrus interval (P < 0.01), survival curves showed the highest number of sheep in estrus between 40 and 48 h (G1, 43.7 + 8.05 h vs G2, 42.9 + 6.7 h, experiment 1). There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in duration of estrus (G1, 42 + 6.1 h, vs G2, 41.1 + 11.2 h, experiment 1) and pregnancy in the ewes that presented estrus, and were inseminated (G1, 38.4% vs 52.1%, experiment 2). With regard to concentrations of progesterone, significant differences (P < 0.01) were found between treatments, and progesterone levels before the second application of D-cloprostenol were higher. In consideration of the results, it can be concluded that in a two-dose protocol of a luteolytic agent, more ewes presented estrus in response to D-cloprostenol compared to dinoprost tromethamine with similar pregnancy rates.
Assuntos
Cloprostenol/farmacologia , Dinoprosta/análogos & derivados , Sincronização do Estro/efeitos dos fármacos , Estro/efeitos dos fármacos , Luteolíticos/farmacologia , Animais , Cruzamento , Dinoprosta/farmacologia , Detecção do Estro , Feminino , Luteólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , México , Gravidez , Taxa de Gravidez , Progesterona/sangue , Estações do Ano , Ovinos , Suínos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Seventy six ewes were treated with 7.5, 12.5, 25 or 50µg of cloprostenol on day 6 or 9 post-estrus to compare the luteolytic efficiency of the PGF2α analogue at each stage and to evaluate if progesterone concentrations at the time of treatment affect such efficiency. Blood samples were obtained before cloprostenol administration and 12, 24, 48, and 72h thereafter. There was an effect of dose (p<0.05) but not of day post-estrus on the proportion of animals completing luteolysis. As the dose increased, the proportion of ewes completing luteolysis also increased. Also, as the dose increased from 7.5 to 25µg, more ewes showed a transient progesterone decline instead of an absence of response, indicating that in some ewes reduced doses initiated luteolysis but were not able to finish the process. Since the dose of 25µg resulted in close to 50% luteolytic efficacy, this group was used to study the effects of progesterone concentrations at the time of treatment on the response to cloprostenol. Pre-treatment progesterone concentrations were higher (p<0.01) in ewes experiencing luteolytic failure than in those that completed luteolysis. There was a negative correlation between initial progesterone concentrations and their reduction by 12h post-treatment. It is concluded that high progesterone concentrations are associated with a reduction in sensitivity to small doses of cloprostenol. Possible mechanisms and implications of this luteoprotective effect are discussed.
Assuntos
Cloprostenol/farmacologia , Luteolíticos/farmacologia , Progesterona/sangue , Ovinos , Animais , Cloprostenol/administração & dosagem , Sincronização do Estro , Feminino , Luteolíticos/administração & dosagemRESUMO
In dairy cattle, cystic ovarian disease (COD) is an important cause of subfertility, and two of the main signs are ovulation failure and follicular persistence. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of the cytokines IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in ovarian follicular structures at different times of persistence in a model of follicular persistence induced by prolonged treatment with progesterone in dairy cows. Protein expression of IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, IL-6 concentration in follicular fluid and serum was determined by ELISA. IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α expression was increased in follicles with different persistence times in relation to the control dominant follicles, in granulosa cells. For IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α, this increase was detected early (P0: expected time of ovulation and/or P5: 5 days of follicular persistence). Additionally, theca cells showed an increase in IL-6 in antral (groups P10 and P15) and persistent follicles (group P10) related to dominant follicles from the control group (p < 0.05). Serum concentration of IL-6 was higher in groups P5, P10 and P15 than in control cows (p < 0.05). The results show evidence that early development of COD in cows is concurrent with altered expression of these cytokines in different ovarian follicular structures and may contribute to the follicular persistence and endocrine changes found in cattle with follicular cysts.
Assuntos
Bovinos/fisiologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Folículo Ovariano/fisiologia , Animais , Busserrelina/administração & dosagem , Busserrelina/farmacologia , Cloprostenol/administração & dosagem , Cloprostenol/farmacologia , Citocinas/genética , Sincronização do Estro/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Fármacos para a Fertilidade Feminina/administração & dosagem , Fármacos para a Fertilidade Feminina/farmacologia , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/administração & dosagem , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/farmacologia , Interleucina-1alfa/genética , Interleucina-1alfa/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/genética , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Interleucina-8/genética , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Luteolíticos/administração & dosagem , Luteolíticos/farmacologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
The consumption of colostrum at a low level can compromise the survival and growth of piglets. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of farrowing induction on colostrum yield, IgG concentration and the survival and performance of piglets until the weaning. Sows of parity 3 to 7 were assigned into two groups: Control (n = 48), sows with spontaneous farrowing; and induction (n = 48), sows induced to farrow on day 114 of gestation with a PGF2 analogue. Colostrum and blood samples were collected from the sows, at farrowing and 24 hr later. Blood samples from the piglets were collected at 24 hr after birth. The performance of the piglets was evaluated in a subsample of 28 litters from each group. All piglets were weighed at 7, 14 and 20 days of age. The farrowing length, the number of piglets born alive, stillborn piglets, weight at birth, litter weight at birth and colostrum yield were not significantly affected (p > .05) by farrowing induction. There was no difference between the groups (p > .05) in the percentage of sows with obstetric interventions. Serum IgG concentration, in both sows and piglets, and colostrum IgG concentration were similar between the groups (p > .05). Furthermore, survival rate, piglet weight and litter weight at 7, 14 and 20 days of age were also similar between the groups (p > .05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the farrowing induction performed on day 114 of gestation does not affect the colostrum yield, the IgG concentration in colostrum and serum of piglets, and the litter performance until the weaning.
Assuntos
Colostro/química , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Trabalho de Parto Induzido/veterinária , Sus scrofa/fisiologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos/sangue , Animais Recém-Nascidos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cloprostenol/farmacologia , Feminino , Luteolíticos/farmacologia , Parto , Gravidez , Sus scrofa/sangueRESUMO
This study evaluated the efficiency of two d-cloprostenol injections at different intervals on the reproductive parameters of dairy goats. Trial 1 comprised 54 goats allocated to receive two 37.5µg d-cloprostenol doses at intervals of seven (T7, n=19), 10 (T10, n=18), and 11.5 (T11.5, n=17) days. Trial 2 comprised 62 goats allocated to receive injections at T7 (n=30) and T11.5 (n=32). Ultrasonography was done and blood was collected just before d-cloprostenol injections. After the second dose, goats were artificially inseminated (AI) with frozen-thawed semen at 18-24h (Trial 1) or at 10-24h (adjusted according to the time of estrus onset in Trial 2) after estrus detection. Estrus response rate did not differ (P>0.05) among groups in Trials 1 (T7=94.7%; T10=88.9%; T11.5=88.2%) and 2 (T7=90.0%; T11.5=96.9). All females showed progesterone concentrations >1ng/mL before both d-cloprostenol injections. The largest follicle diameter present on ovaries was similar (P>0.05) among treatments at the first and second dose. The second largest follicle diameter was superior (P<0.05) to T7 than to T10 and T11.5 goats at first dose only. This possibly resulted in lower interval to estrus (P<0.05) in T7-treated goats than other treated goats in both trials. The conception rate was similar among treatment groups in Trials 1 (T7=55.6%; T10=18.8%; T11.5=26.7%) and 2 (T7=85.2%; T11.5=93.6%). The three treatments efficiently synchronized estrus. T7 and T11.5 protocols resulted in high estrus synchrony and conception rates when adjusting the AI time according to interval of estrus.
Assuntos
Cloprostenol/farmacologia , Ciclo Estral/efeitos dos fármacos , Fertilidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Cabras/fisiologia , Luteolíticos/farmacologia , Animais , Cloprostenol/administração & dosagem , Esquema de Medicação , Sincronização do Estro/métodos , Feminino , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Luteolíticos/administração & dosagem , GravidezRESUMO
Progesterone (P4) is a requirement for pregnancy development. Previous reports observed a maximal value of serum P4 concentration on 21 days after the first mating after which it slowly declines throughout the rest of pregnancy. Ultrasound examination should be performed to ensure that pregnancy interruption is complete. Limited information is available on the ultrasonic appearance of conceptuses during pregnancy termination in cats The objective was to study serum P4 concentration and ultrasonographic changes during aglepristone (ALI) or cloprostenol (CLO) treatment and to evaluate the fertility after treatment. Two experiments (EXP) were carried out to accomplish this aim. Sixty queens, 12- to 36-month-old, were used. On Days 21 to 22 of pregnancy (EXP I) or 35 to 38 of pregnancy (EXP II), queens were divided into three groups (G). Queens in G1 received ALI (10 mg/kg, sc; EXP I, n = 10; EXP II, n = 10) for 2 consecutive days. Queens in G2 received CLO (5 µg/kg, sc; EXP I, n = 10; EXP II = 10) for 3 consecutive days. Queens in G3 received 1 mL of saline solution (PLA, sc; EXP I, n = 10; EXP II = 10). Blood samples were taken before treatment (Day 0) and every day during 10 days after the treatment to measure serum P4 concentrations. Likewise, after treatment, queens were monitored daily by ultrasonography for 10 days and weekly until the end of gestation to obtain gestational sacs measurements (GS), fetal measurements, and fetal biophysical profile. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. Serum P4 concentrations were significantly different on Day 6 (EXP I) and on Day 1 (EXP II) in ALI and CLO groups compared with PLA group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01; respectively). The ultrasonographic monitoring during treatment allowed assessing changes in the GS and fetal measurements, embryo-fetal viability, and risk of pregnancy loss. In conclusion, the results from this study reported changes in serum P4 concentration and in ultrasonography measurements during pregnancy interruption with ALI or CLO treatment. Also it was observed that ALI and CLO are safe drugs and can preserve posttreatment queen fertility. Therefore, the results obtained in our work will be applied in feline reproduction practice.
Assuntos
Cloprostenol/farmacologia , Estrenos/farmacologia , Progesterona/metabolismo , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal/veterinária , Abortivos/farmacologia , Aborto Animal/induzido quimicamente , Animais , Gatos , Feminino , Fertilidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Luteolíticos/farmacologia , Masculino , GravidezRESUMO
This study aimed to characterize the endometrial transcriptome and functional pathways overrepresented in the endometrium of cows treated to ovulate larger (≥13 mm) versus smaller (≤12 mm) follicles. Nelore cows were presynchronized prior to receiving cloprostenol (large follicle [LF] group) or not (small follicle [SF] group), along with a progesterone (P4) device on Day (D) -10. Devices were withdrawn and cloprostenol administered 42-60 h (LF) or 30-36 h (SF) before GnRH agonist treatment (D0). Tissues were collected on D4 (experiment [Exp.] 1; n = 24) or D7 (Exp. 2; n = 60). Endometrial transcriptome was obtained by RNA-Seq, whereas proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Overall, LF cows developed larger follicles and corpora lutea, and produced greater amounts of estradiol (D-1, Exp. 1, SF: 0.7 ± 0.2; LF: 2.4 ± 0.2 pg/ml; D-1, Exp. 2, SF: 0.5 ± 0.1; LF: 2.3 ± 0.6 pg/ml) and P4 (D4, Exp. 1, SF: 0.8 ± 0.1; LF: 1.4 ± 0.2 ng/ml; D7, Exp. 2, SF: 2.5 ± 0.4; LF: 3.7 ± 0.4 ng/ml). Functional enrichment indicated that biosynthetic and metabolic processes were enriched in LF endometrium, whereas SF endometrium transcriptome was biased toward cell proliferation. Data also suggested reorganization of the extracellular matrix toward a proliferation-permissive phenotype in SF endometrium. LF endometrium showed an earlier onset of proliferative activity, whereas SF endometrium expressed a delayed increase in glandular epithelium proliferation. In conclusion, the periovulatory endocrine milieu regulates bovine endometrial transcriptome and seems to determine the transition from a proliferation-permissive to a biosynthetic and metabolically active endometrial phenotype, which may be associated with the preparation of an optimally receptive uterine environment.