RESUMO
PURPOSE: This study explores adolescent well-being during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in two high-income countries from Europe and one middle-income country from South America. The aim is to investigate the correlates of different dimensions of subjective well-being in 10- to 16-year-olds from different cultural contexts. METHODS: An online, self-report questionnaire was completed by 1,613 adolescents in Luxembourg, Germany, and Brazil between May and July 2020. The outcome variables were measures of life satisfaction and emotional well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study included a range of sociodemographic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal covariates. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and latent variable structural equational modeling. RESULTS: A two-factor model of subjective well-being, consisting of life satisfaction and emotional well-being latent constructs, fitted well with this sample data for Luxembourg, Germany, and Brazil. Results showed that gender, socioeconomic status, intrapersonal factors, quantity and type of schoolwork, and relationships with adults were important common predictors of individual differences in subjective well-being during COVID-19. Fear of illness emerged as the strongest correlate of emotional well-being across the three countries. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that girls and adolescents from low-income homes may be especially vulnerable to negative secondary impacts of COVID-19 that can affect mental health. It identified several common correlates of subjective well-being in adolescents from different cultural settings, including factors that may be changeable, such as the following: the way adults listen to adolescents, schoolwork during distant learning, and fear of illness. Findings can inform the development of quality interventions for promoting the well-being of adolescents during a global pandemic.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Pandemias , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Humanos , Luxemburgo/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
The arguments for and against euthanasia present a complex picture that will need to be discussed and decided in Mexico. This article addresses some relevant aspects such as the legal determination of death, the field of bioethics intervention, terminology related to euthanasia, its classifications, international instruments promoting human rights, as well as reflections on the importance of palliative care and the patient's right to be in a terminal situation to act in accordance with their goals, expectations and beliefs, in the context of their family and social relationships.
Los argumentos a favor y en contra de la eutanasia exponen un panorama complejo, que será necesario discutir y decidir en México. En este artículo se abordan algunos aspectos relevantes, como la determinación legal de la muerte, el campo de intervención de la bioética, la terminología relacionada con la eutanasia, sus clasificaciones, los instrumentos internacionales promotores de los derechos humanos, y reflexiones sobre la importancia de los cuidados paliativos y el derecho que tiene el paciente en situación terminal para actuar conforme a sus objetivos, expectativas y creencias, en el contexto de sus relaciones familiares y sociales.
Assuntos
Morte , Eutanásia , Atitude Frente a Morte , Bélgica , Temas Bioéticos , Morte Encefálica , Colômbia , Estado Terminal , Eutanásia/classificação , Eutanásia/ética , Eutanásia/legislação & jurisprudência , Direitos Humanos , Humanos , Luxemburgo , México , Países Baixos , Cuidados Paliativos/legislação & jurisprudência , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Direitos do Paciente , Terminologia como Assunto , Estados UnidosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Malnutrition in critically ill children contributes to morbidity and mortality. The French-speaking pediatric intensive care nutrition group (NutriSIP) aims to promote optimal nutrition through education and research. METHODS: The NutriSIP-designed NutriRéa-Ped study included a cross-sectional survey. This 62-item survey was sent to the nursing teams of all of the French-speaking pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) to evaluate nurses' nutrition knowledge and practices. One nurse per PICU was asked to answer and describe the practices of their team. RESULTS: Of 44 PICUs, 40 responded in Algeria, Belgium, Canada, France, Lebanon, Luxemburg, and Switzerland. The majority considered nutrition as a priority care but only 12 of the 40 (30%) had a nutrition support team, 26 of the 40 (65%) had written nutrition protocols, and 19 of 39 (49%) nursing teams felt confident with the nutrition goals. Nursing staff generally did not know how to determine nutritional requirements or to interpret malnutrition indices. They were also unaware of reduced preoperative fasting times and fast-track concepts. In 17 of 35 (49%) PICUs, the target start time for enteral feeding was within the first 24 hours; however, frequent interruptions occurred because of neuromuscular blockade, fasting for extubation or surgery, and high gastric residual volumes. Combined pediatric neonatal intensive care units were less likely to perform systematic nutritional assessment and to start enteral nutrition rapidly. CONCLUSIONS: We found a large variation in nursing practices around nutrition, exacerbated by the lack of nutritional guidelines but also because of the inadequate nursing knowledge around nutritional factors. These findings encourage the NutriSIP to improve nutrition through focused education programs and research.
Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar/psicologia , Apoio Nutricional/enfermagem , Padrões de Prática em Enfermagem/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Argélia , Bélgica , Canadá , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Enfermagem de Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Enfermagem de Cuidados Críticos/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Nutrição Enteral/métodos , Nutrição Enteral/enfermagem , Nutrição Enteral/psicologia , Feminino , França , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Idioma , Líbano , Luxemburgo , Masculino , Enfermagem Neonatal/métodos , Enfermagem Neonatal/estatística & dados numéricos , Apoio Nutricional/métodos , Apoio Nutricional/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , SuíçaRESUMO
This cross-cultural study investigates the impact of background experience on four verbal and visuo-spatial working memory (WM) tasks. A total of 84 children from low-income families were recruited from the following groups: (1) Portuguese immigrant children from Luxembourg impoverished in terms of language experience; (2) Brazilian children deprived in terms of scholastic background; (3) Portuguese children from Portugal with no disadvantage in either scholastic or language background. Children were matched on age, gender, fluid intelligence, and socioeconomic status and completed four simple and complex span tasks of WM and a vocabulary measure. Results indicate that, despite large differences in their backgrounds and language abilities, the groups exhibited comparable performance on the visuo-spatial tasks dot matrix and odd-one-out and on the verbal simple span task digit recall. Group differences emerged on the verbal complex span task counting recall with children from Luxembourg and Portugal outperforming children from disadvantaged schools in Brazil. The study suggests that whereas contributions of prior knowledge to digit span, dot matrix, and odd-one-out are likely to be minimal, background experience can affect performance on counting recall. Implications for testing WM capacity in children growing up in poverty are discussed.
Assuntos
Escolaridade , Idioma , Memória de Curto Prazo , Pobreza/psicologia , Brasil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Comparação Transcultural , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Luxemburgo , Masculino , Rememoração Mental , PortugalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Diverticular disease of the left colon is a common disease, mainly in the population over 50 years of age. The surgical management of acute diverticulitis is remains controversial, especially in severe forms. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the results of laparoscopic surgery for diverticular disease in a tertiary care institution with a specialist interest in minimally invasive surgery. DESIGN: All patients who had elective laparoscopic sigmoidectomy for diverticulitis within eight years at University Hospital of Luxembourg were selected from a retrospective database to evaluate laparoscopic benefit in moderate and severe disease. RESULTS: A total of 155 patients were divided in two groups: Moderate Acute Diverticulitis (MAD) and Severe Acute Diverticulitis (SAD) respectively. The short-term outcomes, after laparoscopic sigmoidectomy, were evaluated. There were not important differences between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The laparoscopic management of diverticular disease after moderate and severe crisis gives same benefits and short-term outcomes are similar. Elective Laparoscopic surgery is actually the standard of care for moderate and severe diverticular disease in our institution.
Assuntos
Colo Sigmoide/patologia , Colo Sigmoide/cirurgia , Doença Diverticular do Colo/diagnóstico , Doença Diverticular do Colo/cirurgia , Laparoscopia , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Conversão para Cirurgia Aberta , Doença Diverticular do Colo/patologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos/métodos , Feminino , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Laparoscopia/métodos , Tempo de Internação , Luxemburgo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Readmissão do Paciente , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Sigmoidoscopia , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Proteção da Criança , Hospitais Pediátricos , Filatelia , Assistência Ambulatorial , Bolívia , Criança , Humanos , LuxemburgoRESUMO
PIP: The government of Antigua and Barbuda ratified this UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women on August 1, 1989; the government of Chile ratified it on December 9, 1989; the government of Libyan Arab Jamahiriya ratified it on May 16, 1989; the government of Luxembourg ratified it on February 2, 1989; and the government of Madagascar ratified it on March 17, 1989.^ieng
Assuntos
Cooperação Internacional , Preconceito , Nações Unidas , Direitos da Mulher , África , África Subsaariana , África Oriental , África do Norte , América , Antígua e Barbuda , Região do Caribe , Chile , Países Desenvolvidos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Economia , Europa (Continente) , Agências Internacionais , América Latina , Líbia , Luxemburgo , Madagáscar , Oriente Médio , América do Norte , Organizações , Política , Problemas Sociais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , América do SulRESUMO
PIP: 28 countries with different characteristics have been selected in order to observe the amount of time it takes for these different countries to reach stable age distributions. The individual populations by sex and age were projected for 150 years in 5-year intervals with the present constant mortality and fertility schedules by component method. Observations have been made by considering the following characteristics of population when it has acquired stability: age distribution; the rate of growth, birthrate, and mortality rate; the population change; the intrinsic rate of growth, birthrate and mortality rate; and approximate time taken to stabilize the population. The initial age distribution has a significant part in the amount of time it takes for a population to acquire stability, and its intrinsic rate of growth is mostly dependent upon the existing age distribution of that population. The time taken for a country's population to become stable depends upon the age distribution, fertility and mortality schedules at the beginning. It has been observed that countries having a higher intrinsic rate of growth take comparatively less time in acquiring stability than the countries having a lower intrinsic rate of growth. The mortality and fertility schedules of a country is another important phenomenon. The populations of the different countries at the point of stability were growing according to their rates of growth. No specific trend of population growth could be found among the groups of countries. Time taken for stabilizing the population is completely based upon age distributions, fertility and mortality schedules a particular country was having at the beginning. The range of time taken for different countries to acquire stability generally ranged from 100 to 135 years. Among the different countries the relationship for the time it takes to acquire stability has not been established. This is a hypothetical approach in order to obtain some idea as to how a population with different characteristics acts in the long run when some of its characteristics are assumed to be constant.^ieng