RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The dramatic reconfigurations of work-family roles and social boundaries resulting from the social restrictions imposed during the Covid-19 pandemic led working mums to look for online sites as spaces of emotional support and regulation where they could vent their emotions, share their concerns and griefs, and seek advice. They also became interactional spaces where mums' relevant identities were reassessed and enacted as they aimed to balance work-family roles and improve their wellbeing. The paper explores how working mums discursively negotiated their multiple identities in an online support forum during times of global struggle, how these identity constructions reflect the domains of Work-Family Conflict (WFC) and how working mums perceived these identities are related to their mental health. METHODS: 127 posts of Chilean working mums published in a public online support forum for working mums collected during the first half of 2020 were analysed in three phases. The first one involved a thematic analysis to identify themes and subthemes related to working mums' identity construction in the data. The second phase involved conducting a narrative analysis of working mums' microstorias in order to identify a master narrative crafted by these working mums, and contesting and conforming ideologies of motherhood, among others. Finally, the third phase involved a fine-grained discourse analysis of the most representative extracts illustrating working mums' identity negotiation. RESULTS: The sociolinguistic analysis showed that working mums' discourses displayed three themes of self-reflection, namely, diminishing self-care, reassessing their self, and enhancing self through self-care. Identity-related sub-themes for each main theme are discussed and discursively analysed. Two main points are emphasised: (1) the identity that was most salient in working mums' discourse was their personal identity (rather than work-family roles and identities), and (2) microstorias allowed working mums to challenge the hegemonic power of dominant discourses around their identities and their work-family roles. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that a sociolinguistic approach to the exploration of working mums' identity negotiation is useful to highlight the ways in which mums contest binary assumptions of work-family roles and the need to reconsider working mums' life domains so that they reflect working mums' actual identity needs and lived experiences. Future lines of research are outlined.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Saúde Mental , Humanos , COVID-19/psicologia , Feminino , Adulto , Família/psicologia , Identificação Social , Mães/psicologia , Apoio Social , Equilíbrio Trabalho-Vida , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
PURPOSE: to verify the association between the perception of mothers of premature infants regarding the features that may interfere with breastfeeding and the mother's socioeconomic data, pregnancy and the baby's clinical data. METHODS: observational, descriptive and analytical quali-quantitative cross-sectional study. One hundred and fourteen mothers of premature infants were included and data were collected through questionnaires, applied at hospital discharge, and analysis of medical records. Maternal responses about the interference observed in the breastfeeding process were categorized by content analysis and associated with socioeconomic, pregnancy and baby data. RESULTS: the mothers' perceptions regarding the factors that interfere with the baby's feeding at the mother's breast were divided into four semantic categories: clinical and/or physical conditions of the baby; clinical, physical and/or psycho-emotional conditions of the mother; support network; and strategies for initiating and/or maintaining breastfeeding. Education, paternal presence, having other children and having breastfed them were associated with the maternal perception that their clinical, physical and/or psycho-emotional conditions interfere with breastfeeding. In addition, the support network was associated with exclusive breastfeeding at discharge. CONCLUSION: education, paternal presence, multiparity and having breastfed previous children influenced the maternal perception that their clinical, physical and/or psycho-emotional conditions interfere with breastfeeding. In addition, mention of the support network was associated with exclusive breastfeeding at discharge.
OBJETIVO: verificar a associação entre a percepção das mães de prematuros a respeito dos fatores que podem interferir no aleitamento e as características socioeconômicas da mãe, da gestação e clínicas do recém-nascido. MÉTODO: estudo qualiquantitativo observacional, descritivo e analítico do tipo transversal. Foram incluídas 114 mães de prematuros. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários, aplicados à alta hospitalar e análise dos prontuários. As respostas maternas sobre as interferências observadas no processo do aleitamento foram categorizadas por análise de conteúdo e associadas aos dados socioeconômicos, da gestação e do recém-nascido (RN). RESULTADOS: as percepções das mães quanto aos fatores que interferem na alimentação do RN ao seio materno foram divididas em quatro categorias semânticas: condições clínicas e/ou físicas do RN; condições clínicas, físicas e/ou psicoemocionais da mãe; rede de apoio; e estratégias para iniciar e/ou manter o aleitamento materno. Escolaridade, presença paterna, possuir outros filhos e tê-los amamentado apresentaram associação com a percepção materna de que suas condições clínicas, físicas e ou psicoemocionais interferem no aleitamento. Além disso, a rede de apoio esteve associada ao aleitamento materno exclusivo à alta. CONCLUSÃO: escolaridade, presença paterna, multiparidade e ter amamentado filhos anteriores influenciaram a percepção materna de que suas condições clínicas, físicas e ou psicoemocionais apresentam interferência no aleitamento. Além disso, a menção à rede de apoio esteve associada com o aleitamento materno exclusivo à alta.
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Mães , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Humanos , Aleitamento Materno/psicologia , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Recém-Nascido , Mães/psicologia , Adulto , Inquéritos e Questionários , Percepção , Adulto Jovem , Gravidez , MasculinoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To associate maternal anxiety with sociodemographic factors, breastfeeding practices, oral habits, and the child's entry into daycare among deaf and hearing (non-deaf) mothers. METHODS: This retrospective comparative cross-sectional study included 116 mothers (29 deaf and 87 hearing) of children aged between two and five years. Deaf mothers belonged to a reference center in the city, while hearing mothers were contacted in public daycares where their children were enrolled. Mothers underwent interviews covering socio-economic factors and child development-related aspects. Additionally, they completed the Brazilian Beck Anxiety Inventory, adapted for both deaf and hearing individuals, serving as instruments to assess anxiety. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, Kruskal Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test, and Poisson Regression were employed for statistical analyses (p<0.05). RESULTS: Deaf mothers exhibited anxiety scores one and a half times higher than hearing mothers. Moreover, mothers of children with thumb-sucking habits showed higher anxiety scores, while mothers whose children started attending daycare as infants demonstrated lower anxiety scores compared to mothers of children without such habits and who did not attend daycare. CONCLUSION: Deaf mothers displayed higher anxiety levels when compared to hearing mothers. Children's behaviors, such as thumb-sucking habits, and early enrollment in daycare during the first year of life influenced maternal anxiety.
OBJETIVO: Associar a ansiedade materna aos fatores sociodemográficos, pratica de aleitamento, hábitos bucais e ingresso da criança em creche entre mulheres surdas e ouvintes. MÉTODO: Participaram deste estudo transversal retrospectivo comparativo, 116 mães (29 surdas e 87 ouvintes) de crianças na faixa etária entre dois e cinco anos. As mães surdas pertenciam a um centro de referência da cidade e as mães ouvintes foram contatadas em creches públicas, onde seus filhos estavam matriculados. As mães foram submetidas a entrevista sobre fatores socioeconômicos e relacionados ao desenvolvimento dos filhos, além de realizarem o preenchimento do Inventário Brasileiro de Ansiedade de Beck, nas versões para surdos e ouvintes, que foram instrumentos usados para avaliar a ansiedade. O teste de normalidade de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, os testes de Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney e Regressão de Poisson foram utilizados para análises estatísticas (p <0,05). RESULTADOS: Mães surdas apresentaram escore de ansiedade uma vez e meia maior que mães ouvintes. Além disso, mães de crianças com hábito de sucção de dedo apresentaram maior escore de ansiedade e mães cujos filhos começaram a frequentar a creche ainda bebês apresentaram menor escore de ansiedade, quando comparados a crianças sem o hábito e que não frequentavam a creche. CONCLUSÃO: Mães surdas apresentaram maior ansiedade quando comparadas às ouvintes. Comportamento dos filhos com hábitos de sucção de dedo e o ingresso em creches no primeiro ano de vida influenciaram a ansiedade materna.
Assuntos
Ansiedade , Surdez , Mães , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Mães/psicologia , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pré-Escolar , Adulto , Surdez/psicologia , Brasil , Aleitamento Materno/psicologia , Pessoas com Deficiência Auditiva/psicologia , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , CrechesRESUMO
PURPOSE: to analyze how socioeconomic, pregnancy and childbirth factors relate to the feeding situation in the sixth month of life of full-term babies. METHODS: longitudinal observational study, with 98 mothers of full-term babies. Data collection was structured by capturing information regarding the clinical history and moment of birth in the babies' medical records, followed by the application of two questionnaires to the postpartum women, with questions regarding sociodemographic data, pre- and post-pregnancy data and the baby's nutrition. baby, the first being answered during hospital stay and the second, by telephone, in the 6th month of life. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed, using the frequency distribution of categorical variables, inferential analysis using Pearson's Chi-square test and multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression, adopting, for inclusion in the final model, the significance level of 5%. RESULTS: there was an association between exclusive breastfeeding in the 6th month and maternal education and between the period of food introduction and family income. Mothers with higher education were 4.82 times more likely to breastfeed their children exclusively until the sixth month. Families with lower income (up to one minimum wage) were 2.54 times more likely to start food introduction before the sixth month than families with higher income. CONCLUSION: higher maternal education was a predictive factor for exclusive breastfeeding at the 6th month and higher military income was a predictive factor for introducing food after the 6th month.
OBJETIVO: analisar como os fatores socioeconômicos, da gestação e do parto se relacionam com a situação da alimentação no sexto mês de vida de bebês nascidos a termo. MÉTODO: estudo observacional longitudinal, com 98 mães de bebês termos. A coleta de dados foi estruturada pela captação das informações referentes à história clínica e ao momento do parto nos prontuários dos bebês, seguida da aplicação de dois questionários, com questões referentes a dados sociodemográficos, dados pré e pós-gestacionais e da alimentação do bebê, sendo o primeiro respondido durante a internação hospitalar e o segundo, por contato telefônico, no 6° mês de vida. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados, por meio da distribuição de frequência das variáveis categóricas, análise inferencial utilizando o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson e análise multivariada por regressão logística binária, adotando-se, para inclusão no modelo final, o nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: houve associação entre aleitamento materno exclusivo no 6º mês e escolaridade materna e entre o início da introdução alimentar e a renda familiar. Mães com ensino superior apresentaram 4,82 vezes mais chances de amamentarem os filhos de forma exclusiva até o sexto mês. Famílias de menor renda (até um salário mínimo) tiveram 2,54 vezes mais chances de iniciarem a introdução alimentar antes do sexto mês do que as famílias de maior renda. CONCLUSÃO: maior escolaridade materna foi fator preditor para o aleitamento materno exclusivo ao 6º mês e maior renda familiar foi fator preditor para introdução alimentar após o 6º mês.
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Desmame , Humanos , Feminino , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Longitudinais , Adulto , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Lactente , Adulto Jovem , Brasil , Inquéritos e Questionários , Mães , Escolaridade , Fatores Sociodemográficos , MasculinoRESUMO
Evidence suggests that maternal metabolome may be associated with child health outcomes. We analyzed the association between the maternal metabolome between 28-35 gestational weeks and child growth and development during the first year. A prospective cohort of 98 mother-child dyads was followed at birth, 1, 6, and 12 months. Maternal serum samples were collected for targeted LC-MS/MS analysis, which measured 132 metabolites. The child's growth and development were assessed at each time-point. Z-scores were calculated based on WHO growth standards, and the domains of development were assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ-3). Multiple linear mixed-effects models were performed and confounders were identified using a Diagram Acyclic Graph. The Benjamini-Hochberg correction was used for multiple comparison adjustments. We found a positive association between lysophosphatidylcholines (14:0; 16:0; 16:1; 17:0; 18:0; 18:1; 18:2; 20:4) with the z-score of weight-for-age, and lysophosphatidylcholines (14:0; 16:0; 16:1; 18:0) and taurine with the z-score of weight-for-length, and lysophosphatidylcholines (14:0; 16:0; 16:1; 17:0; 18:0; 18:1; 18:2; 20:4) and glycine with the z-score of BMI-for-age. The leucine, methionine, tryptophan, and valine were negatively associated with the fine motor skills domain. We observed an association between maternal metabolome and the growth and child's development throughout the first year.
Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Infantil , Metaboloma , Terceiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Lactente , Terceiro Trimestre da Gravidez/sangue , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto , MãesRESUMO
Understanding health-seeking behaviors and their drivers is key for governments to manage health policies. A growing body of research explores the role of cognitive biases and heuristics in health and care-seeking behaviors, but little is known about how a context of heightened anxiety and uncertainty might influence these behavioral drivers. This study analyzes the association between four behavioral predictors-internal locus of control, impatience, optimism bias, and aspirations-and healthcare decisions among low-income women in El Salvador, controlling for other factors. We find positive associations between internal locus of control and preventive health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. For instance, a one standard deviation increase in locus of control is associated with a 10% increase in an index measuring the use of masks, distancing, hand washing, and vaccination. Locus of control was also associated with women's use of preventive health services (one standard deviation improves the likelihood of having a hypertension test in the last six months by 5.8 percentage points). In a sub-sample of mothers, we find significant relationships between the four behavioral drivers and the decisions the mothers make for their children. However, we find these associations are less robust compared to the decisions they make for themselves. Some associations were stronger during the pandemic, suggesting that feelings of uncertainty and stress could amplify behavioral drivers' influence on health-related behaviors. This novel finding is relevant for designing policy responses for future shocks. JEL CODES: I12, D10, D91, I30.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Tomada de Decisões , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Pobreza , Humanos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/psicologia , Feminino , Adulto , El Salvador , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/psicologia , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Controle Interno-Externo , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Mães/psicologia , Mães/estatística & dados numéricos , SARS-CoV-2 , Comportamentos Relacionados com a SaúdeRESUMO
The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has provoked more than 6 million deaths worldwide. The scarcity of effective treatments and its virulence converted the vaccines into an essential tool to face it. The most used vaccines were the mRNA, adenovirus vector, and inactivated whole-virus. However, nowadays, infants aged < 6 months are not eligible for any vaccines against COVID-19, and their immunization relies on passive immunity. In this research, we investigated the humoral and cellular immune response generated on newborns of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated mothers with mRNA or viral vector (VV) vaccine employing Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in saliva samples. For this purpose, saliva samples of newborns and their mothers were collected; the population was divided into two groups, VV and mRNA, which were subdivided into three subgroups: before pregnancy (BP), at the first (FTP) and second (STP) trimesters of pregnancy. The samples were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy, and the bands associated with the humoral and cellular immune responses, such as IgG, IgA, and IFN-γ were analyzed. The integrated areas were calculated and compared to elucidate the quantity of those immunoglobins and the cytokine. Likewise, the correlation of the humoral and cellular immune response between the newborns and their mothers and the correlation between cellular and humoral immune response was also evaluated. The VV vaccine produced a significant humoral and cellular immune response in newborns and their mothers when they received it at the STP compared with the mRNA vaccine, evidencing statistical significance. However, no correlation was observed between newborns and their mothers when the vaccine was applied in this trimester of pregnancy. When administered BP, the mRNA vaccine generated more humoral immunity in newborns and their mothers. Nevertheless, compared with the VV vaccine, it only showed statistical significance in the mothers, highlighting that IgG showed a moderate positive correlation between the newborns and their mothers.
Assuntos
Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Vacinação , Humanos , Feminino , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier/métodos , Recém-Nascido , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/imunologia , Gravidez , Vacinação/métodos , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Vacinas contra COVID-19/imunologia , Adulto , Mães , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Imunidade Humoral , Saliva/imunologia , Imunidade Celular , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Imunoglobulina A/imunologia , Imunoglobulina A/análise , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Vacinas de mRNA/imunologiaRESUMO
Objective: To build and validate an educational technology consisting of a flipchart to promote self-efficacy in newborn care. Methods: A methodological study was carried out in two stages: (i) creation of the flipchart and (ii) validation by 25 experts and 50 people who could be the target audience (pregnant women, mothers or family members of newborns). Clarity, language, practical relevance and theoretical relevance were reviewed using the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) instrument. The Content Validity Index and the Flesch Readability Index were calculated. Results: The serial album "Can you take care of your baby" consists of 30 pages. The overall Content Validity Index was 0.93 among experts and 1.0 among the target audience. The flipchart was considered superior quality material, reaching an agreement percentage of 94.9, indicating that it is suitable as an educational technology. Participants suggested adjustments, incorporated into the material for printed production. Conclusion: The flipchart developed and with content validated by experts is suitable for use in health education activities that aim to promote self-efficacy in caring for newborns.
Assuntos
Tecnologia Educacional , Cuidado do Lactente , Autoeficácia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Feminino , Cuidado do Lactente/métodos , Tecnologia Educacional/métodos , Gravidez , Adulto , Masculino , Mães/psicologia , Educação em Saúde/métodos , Família/psicologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: to develop and evaluate a Middle-Range Theory for the nursing diagnosis "Disrupted Mother-Fetus Dyad Risk" in high-risk pregnancies. METHODS: this methodological study was conducted in two stages: theory development and evaluation. Dorothea Orem's General Nursing Model was used as the theoretical-conceptual foundation. Evaluation was conducted using the Delphi method with seven judges, and consensus was achieved when the Content Validity Index of the evaluated items was ≥ 0.80. RESULTS: the theory identified 20 elements of the nursing diagnosis "Disrupted Mother-Fetus Dyad Risk" (10 risk factors, 4 at-risk populations, and 6 associated conditions), 14 propositions, and 1 pictogram. After two rounds of evaluation, the theory was considered consistent, with consensus reached for all items, each achieving a Content Validity Index ≥ 0.80. CONCLUSIONS: the Middle-Range Theory included biopsychosocial factors explaining the nursing phenomenon "Disrupted Mother-Fetus Dyad Risk," which aids in nurses' diagnostic reasoning.
Assuntos
Diagnóstico de Enfermagem , Gravidez de Alto Risco , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Gravidez de Alto Risco/psicologia , Diagnóstico de Enfermagem/métodos , Adulto , Técnica Delphi , Teoria de Enfermagem , Fatores de Risco , Mães/psicologia , Mães/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Increased maternal mental health during the perinatal period has been widely associated with a variety of positive outcomes for both mothers and infants. However, no studies in Peru have yet focused on studying maternal mental health and related psychological variables during this stage. Thus, the aim of this study was to test a model to associate a mother's parental stress with infant socioemotional difficulties and maternal mental health. The sample included 988 mothers of infants aged 6 to 18 months from Peru, all from socioeconomically vulnerable settings. The findings showed that infant socioemotional difficulties were associated with poorer maternal mental health through the mother's parental stress (χ2(7) = 28.89, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.06, SRMR = 0.03). These results provide a better understanding of the key elements associated with maternal mental health during the perinatal period in Peru and offer valuable insights for developing interventions and support strategies for socioeconomically vulnerable mothers and their young children.