RESUMO
Antecedentes: Pitiriasis versicolor (PV) es una infección micótica superficial crónica de la piel, debido a la colonización del estrato córneo por Malassezia sp. Tradicionalmente M. furfur era considerada el agente causal de PV, hoy en día se ha demostrado que las especies de Malassezia más comunes cultivadas a partir de de lesiones de PV son M. globosa y M. sympodialis. Objetivos: Evaluar la epidemiología de la dermatomicosis PV, en pacientes de la ciudad de Talca, Chile. Metodología: En este estudio, 19 pacientes diagnosticados con PV fueron evaluados. Se realizó identificación fenotípica e identificación molecular por técnica de PCR-RFLP. Para esto, se diseñaron partidores que amplificaron una zona del 26S ADNr presente en todas las especies de Malassezia. Resultados: De un total de 19 pacientes con PV, 7 correspondieron a sexo masculino (36,8 por ciento) y 12 a sexo femenino (63,2 por ciento). Se obtuvieron 18 cepas, a partir de las pruebas fenotípicas fue posible identificar presuntivamente 11 especies de M. globosa (61,1 por ciento) y 7 especies de M. sympodialis (38,9 por ciento). Con los resultados obtenidos en la PCR-RFLP fue posible identificar 11 especies de M. globosa (61,1 por ciento) y 7 especies (38,9 por ciento) de M. sympodialis. Conclusiones: La especie identificada fenotípicamente y molecularmente en mayor proporción fue Malassezia globosa seguida de Malassezia sympodialis. Por lo que hay concordancia entre ambas técnicas de identificación. Este es el primer trabajo de investigación realizado en Talca, Chile, que identificó las especies de Malassezia spp. involucradas en PV, siendo un aporte al estudio de este cuadro clínico.
Background: Pytiriasis versicolor (PV) is a fungal infection of the skin due to the stratum corneum colonization by Malassezia sp. M. furfur traditionally was considered the etiological agent of PV but today it has been shown that M. globosa and M. sympodialis are the most common Malassezia species cultivated from PV lesions. Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological features of PV in patient of the Talca city, Chile. Method: In this study, 19 patients with diagnosis of PV were evaluated. Phenotypic and molecular identified were performed using PCR-RFLP. To do this, primers to amplify 26S ADNr secuence were designed. Result: From a total of 19 patients who presented PV, 7 were male (36.8 percent) and 12 female patients (63.2 percent). Eighteen strains were obtained, from the phenotypic tests, it was possible to presumably identify 11 species of M. globosa (61.1 percent) and 7 species of M. sympodialis (38.9 percent). With PCRRFLP results it was possible to identify 11 species of M. globosa (61.1 percent) and 7 species (38.9 percent) of M. sympodialis. Conclusion: The most commonly isolated species were Malassezia globosa followed by Malassezia sympodialis. So, there is agreement between both techniques of identification. This is the first research work carried out in Talca, Chile, which identified the species of Malassezia spp. Involved in PV, being a contribution to the clinical diagnosis.
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dermatomicoses , Malassezia/classificação , Malassezia/citologia , Malassezia/isolamento & purificação , Malassezia/patogenicidade , Tinha Versicolor/microbiologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Fungos Mitospóricos , MicosesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Malassezia furfur is a human skin commensal yeast that can cause skin and opportunistic systemic infections. Given its lipid dependant status, the reference methods established by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) to evaluate antifungal susceptibility in yeasts are not applicable. AIMS: To evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of M. furfur isolates from infections in humans to antifungals of clinical use. METHODS: The susceptibility profile to amphotericin B, itraconazole, ketoconazole and voriconazole of 20 isolates of M. furfur, using the broth microdilution method (CLSI M27-A3) and Etest®, was evaluated. RESULTS: Itraconazole and voriconazole had the highest antifungal activity against the isolates tested. The essential agreement between the two methods for azoles antifungal activity was in the region of 60-85% and the categorical agreement was around 70-80%, while the essential and categorical agreement for amphotericin B was 10%. CONCLUSIONS: The azoles were the compounds that showed the highest antifungal activity against M. furfur, as determined by the two techniques used; however more studies need to be performed to support that Etest® is a reliable method before its implementation as a routine clinical laboratory test.
Assuntos
Anfotericina B/farmacologia , Itraconazol/farmacologia , Cetoconazol/farmacologia , Malassezia/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Voriconazol/farmacologia , Meios de Cultura , Dermatite Atópica/microbiologia , Dermatite Seborreica/microbiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade a Antimicrobianos por Disco-Difusão , Humanos , Malassezia/classificação , Malassezia/isolamento & purificação , Ribotipagem , Tinha Versicolor/microbiologiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to characterize genotypically Malassezia spp. isolated from the external ear canal of healthy horses. Fifty-five horses, 39 (70.9%) males and 16 (29.1%) females, from different breeds and adults were studied. External ear canals were cleaned and a sterile cotton swab was introduced to collect cerumen. A total of 110 samples were cultured into Dixon medium and were incubated at 32 °C for up to 15 days. Macro- and micromorphology and phenotypic identification were performed. DNA was extracted, strains were submitted to polymerase chain reaction technique, and the products obtained were submitted to Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism using the restriction enzymes BstCI and HhaI. Strains were sent off to genetic sequencing of the regions 26S rDNA D1/D2 and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA. Malassezia spp. were isolated from 33/55 (60%) animals and 52/110 (47%) ear canals. No growth on Sabouraud dextrose agar was observed, confirming the lipid dependence of all strains. Polymerase chain reaction-Restriction fragment length polymorphism permitted the molecular identification of Malassezia nana - 42/52 (81%) and Malassezia slooffiae - 10/52 (19%). Sequencing confirmed RFLP identification. It was surprising that M. nana represented over 80% of the strains and no Malassezia equina was isolated in this study, differing from what was expected.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Meato Acústico Externo/microbiologia , Microbiota , Cavalos/microbiologia , Malassezia/isolamento & purificação , Malassezia/classificação , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Genes Bacterianos , Malassezia/genéticaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to characterize genotypically Malassezia spp. isolated from the external ear canal of healthy horses. Fifty-five horses, 39 (70.9%) males and 16 (29.1%) females, from different breeds and adults were studied. External ear canals were cleaned and a sterile cotton swab was introduced to collect cerumen. A total of 110 samples were cultured into Dixon medium and were incubated at 32°C for up to 15 days. Macro- and micromorphology and phenotypic identification were performed. DNA was extracted, strains were submitted to polymerase chain reaction technique, and the products obtained were submitted to Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism using the restriction enzymes BstCI and HhaI. Strains were sent off to genetic sequencing of the regions 26S rDNA D1/D2 and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA. Malassezia spp. were isolated from 33/55 (60%) animals and 52/110 (47%) ear canals. No growth on Sabouraud dextrose agar was observed, confirming the lipid dependence of all strains. Polymerase chain reaction-Restriction fragment length polymorphism permitted the molecular identification of Malassezia nana - 42/52 (81%) and Malassezia slooffiae - 10/52 (19%). Sequencing confirmed RFLP identification. It was surprising that M. nana represented over 80% of the strains and no Malassezia equina was isolated in this study, differing from what was expected.
Assuntos
Meato Acústico Externo/microbiologia , Cavalos/microbiologia , Malassezia/classificação , Malassezia/isolamento & purificação , Microbiota , Animais , Feminino , Genes Bacterianos , Malassezia/genética , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de RestriçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: All the currently recognized Malassezia species have been isolated from mammals. However, only a few of them have been isolated from birds. In fact, birds have been less frequently studied as carriers of Malassezia yeasts than mammals. AIM: In this study we describe two new taxa, Malassezia brasiliensis sp. nov. and Malassezia psittaci sp. nov. METHODS: The isolates studied in this publication were isolated from pet parrots from Brazil. They were characterized using the current morphological and physiological identification scheme. DNA sequencing and analysis of the D1/D2 regions of the 26S rRNA gene, the ITS-5.8S rRNA gene sequences and the ß-tubulin gene were also performed. RESULTS: The strains proposed as new species did not completely fit the phenotypic profiles of any the described species. The validation of these new species was supported by analysis of the genes studied. The multilocus sequence analysis of the three loci provides robust support to delineate these species. CONCLUSIONS: These studies confirm the separation of these two new species from the other species of the genus Malassezia, as well as the presence of lipid-dependent Malassezia yeasts on parrots.
Assuntos
Lipídeos/farmacologia , Malassezia/isolamento & purificação , Papagaios/microbiologia , Animais , Bico/microbiologia , Brasil , Meios de Cultura/farmacologia , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Fúngico/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Genes Fúngicos , Malassezia/classificação , Malassezia/genética , Malassezia/metabolismo , Filogenia , Ribotipagem , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Especificidade da Espécie , Tubulina (Proteína)/genéticaRESUMO
A case of fungemia with interstitial lung compromise caused by Malassezia sympodialis is reported in an obese pediatric patient on long-term treatment with inhaled corticosteroids for asthma. The patient was hospitalized due to a post-surgical complication of appendicitis. The patient was treated with amphotericin B for 3 weeks, with good clinical evolution and subsequent negative cultures.
Assuntos
Fungemia/microbiologia , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/microbiologia , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/microbiologia , Malassezia/isolamento & purificação , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/microbiologia , Anfotericina B/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Apendicectomia , Asma/complicações , Criança , DNA Fúngico/genética , Diagnóstico Tardio , Eventração Diafragmática/complicações , Eventração Diafragmática/cirurgia , Fungemia/diagnóstico , Fungemia/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/diagnóstico , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/diagnóstico , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/tratamento farmacológico , Malassezia/classificação , Malassezia/genética , Masculino , Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica , Obesidade/complicações , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/tratamento farmacológico , Tinha Versicolor/complicações , Tinha Versicolor/diagnóstico , Tinha Versicolor/tratamento farmacológico , Tinha Versicolor/microbiologiaRESUMO
Objetivo: Identificar las especies de Malassezia en zonas seborreicas de piel sana en población limeña. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Lugar: Instituto de Medicina Tropical æDaniel Alcides CarriónÆ, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Pobladores asintomáticos. Intervenciones: Empleando la técnica de Mariat y Adan-Campos, se recolectó muestras de piel de 129 pobladores asintomáticos de diversos distritos de la ciudad de Lima. El aislamiento de Malassezia se realizó en medio Dixon modificado e incubado a 32 grados centígrados por 7 días, la identificación de las colonias por sus características macro y micromorfológicas, y la tipificación mediante el estudio de las propiedades bioquímicas y fisiológicas según la técnica de Guillot y col. Principales medidas de resultados: Especie de Malassezia, sexo, edad y región anatómica. Resultados: Se aisló Malassezia spp en 43,4 por ciento de los pobladores, obteniéndose 49,2 por ciento en varones y 37,5 por ciento en mujeres. De las diferentes regiones corporales, 68 cultivos fueron positivos: cuero cabelludo 31 (45,6 por ciento), espalda 36 (52,9 por ciento) y región frontal 1 (1,5 por ciento). El grupo etario con mayor frecuencia de aislamientos (47,2 por ciento) fue el de 14 a 25 años (adolescentes jóvenes). M. slooffiae fue encontrado en 83,8 por ciento y M. obtusa en 16,2 por ciento de los casos. Conclusiones: Se encontró Malassezia spp. en la piel humana sana. M. slooffiae fue la especie predominante de los casos positivos (83,8 por ciento) seguido de M. obtusa (16,2 por ciento)...
Objective: To identify Malassezia species in healthy skin seborrhea areas in Lima inhabitants. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Daniel Alcides Carrion Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Participants: Asymptomatic persons. Interventions: Skin samples were collected from 129 asymptomatic residents of several districts of Lima city using Mariat and Adan-CamposÆ technique. Malassezia isolation was performed in modified Dixon medium and incubated at 32 grades centigrades for 7 days. Colonies were identified by macro and micro morphological characteristics and typing was determined by biochemical and physiological properties using GuillotÆs technique. Main outcome measures: Malassezia species, participantsÆ gender, age and anatomical region. Results: Malassezia spp was isolated in 43.4 per cent of the residents, 49.2 per cent in men and 37.5 per cent in women. From various body regions 68 cultures were positive: scalp 31 (45.6 per cent), back 36 (52.9 per cent) and frontal region 1 (1.5 per cent). Isolates most common age group (47.2 per cent) was that of adolescents-young (14-25 year-old). M. slooffiae was found in 83.8 per cent and M. obtusa in 16.2 per cent of cases. Conclusions: Malassezia spp. was present in healthy human skin. M. slooffiae was the predominant species in positive cases (83.8 per cent) followed by M. obtusa (16.2 per cent)...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções Assintomáticas , Malassezia/isolamento & purificação , Malassezia/classificação , Portador Sadio , Técnicas de Cultura , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic, widespread skin condition, which is considered a multifactorial disease influenced, in part, by Malassezia spp. opportunistic activities, as well as various endogenous and exogenous factors. Malassezia species are lipophilic, lipid-dependent yeasts that are members of the normal mycobiota of the human skin. Their isolation from SD lesions varies around the world and the study of the relationship among factors such as gender, age, immunosuppressive condition of the patient and SD development, can lead to a better understanding of this disease. To elucidate the association of age and gender with the development of SD and to precisely determine the Malassezia species involved in the disease, samples were obtained from 134 individuals, including individuals without lesions, human immunodeficiency virus positive patients, individuals with seborrheic dermatitis, and HIV patients with seborrheic dermatitis. Malassezia spp. were identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods and a phylogenetic analysis was performed using Bayesian inference. This study revealed that age and gender are not predisposing factors for SD development, and that the most frequent species of Malassezia related to SD development among the Colombian population is M. restricta. We also report the isolation of M. yamatoensis for the first time in Colombia, and propose an ITS2 secondary structure from Malassezia taxa that can be used for precise identification and to establish more robust phylogenetic relationships.
Assuntos
Causalidade , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Dermatite Seborreica/epidemiologia , Dermatite Seborreica/microbiologia , Malassezia/classificação , Malassezia/genética , Filogenia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Análise por Conglomerados , Colômbia/epidemiologia , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/química , Feminino , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Humanos , Malassezia/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Moleculares , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Conformação de Ácido Nucleico , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is considered the second most frequently dermatosis associated with the genus Malassezia but little is the knowledge about the epidemiology of this association. AIMS: To determinate the prevalence of Malassezia species associated with SD and to analyse their distribution according to the location of the lesion on the body. METHODS: This study was performed in Resistencia city, located in a subtropical area in northeast Argentina. In this study, 226 skin samples from patients with lesions compatible with SD were studied. Age, gender and body sites lesion were recorded. Strains were identified by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-one positive cultures were obtained. Association of 2 species was detected in 10 cases; therefore, 141 strains were isolated. Malasezzia globosa (43.3%) was the most frequent species isolated, followed by Malasezzia furfur (20.6%), Malasezzia sympodialis (17%) and Malasezzia restricta (16.3%). Three isolates of Malasezzia slooffiae (2.1%) and one of Malasezzia pachydermatis (0.7%) were obtained. Statistical significance (P<0.05) was found between M. globosa and scalp. Malasezzia restricta was isolated only in head areas. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests M. globosa is the most related species to SD. The prevalence of other species is different from that reported by other authors. Only M. globosa and M. restricta presented a pattern of relationship with the body sites of the lesions. It is noteworthy is the isolation of the zoophylic species M. pachydermatis. The Malassezia genus ecology and the pathogenic role of its species are still under study. This work is a contribution to this knowledge.
Assuntos
Dermatite Seborreica/microbiologia , Malassezia/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Dermatite Seborreica/epidemiologia , Dermatoses Faciais/epidemiologia , Dermatoses Faciais/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Malassezia/classificação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Especificidade de Órgãos , Prevalência , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologia , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/microbiologia , Distribuição por Sexo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Malassezia species are considered opportunistic yeasts of increasing clinical importance. These lipophilic yeasts are associated with various human diseases, especially pityriasis versicolor (PV), a chronic superficial scaling dermatomycosis. AIMS: The aim of this study was to isolate, identify and analyze the distribution of the different species of Malassezia in patients with PV in Rosario city (Argentina). METHODS: A total of 264 clinical samples were studied. Isolates were identified on the basis of microscopic observation of cells, and physiological properties, such as the presence of catalase, ability to use Tween compounds, splitting of esculin, and morphology, color and precipitate production on chromogenic agar CHROMagar-Malassezia medium (CHROMM). RESULTS: The highest prevalence of PV in this study was observed in the 25- to 45-year-old group. No differences were found in the development of PV between sexes. The most affected areas of body were the trunk and face. Malassezia sympodialis (51%) was the most commonly isolated species, followed in frequency by M. globosa (40%), Malassezia furfur (7%), Malassezia obtusa (1%) and Malassezia slooffiae (1%). CONCLUSIONS: The success for a correct identification of these yeasts is important to improve our knowledge about their epidemiological role in PV and also to detect the appearance of strains which are resistant to the commonly used antifungal drugs.