RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the emergent zoonotic disease risk posed by the voracious human-biting blackfly species Simulium oyapockense in the peripheral regions of an expanding urban centre situated deep in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. METHODS: We performed nine human landing catches at three periurban sites surrounding the Brazilian Amazon town of São Gabriel da Cachoeira. Using the detection of non-human primate filarial parasites as an indicator of the zoonotic disease threat posed by a biting insect, we screened 3328 S. oyapockense blackflies for the presence of zoonotic filarial DNA with an ITS-1 PCR assay and Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: Between 98 and 100% of the biting insects captured during our nine collections were identified as S. oyapockense; at our three collection sites and during our three seasonally-distinct collections this species was captured at rates between 28 and 294 blackflies per hour. PCR screening of the march-collected S. oyapockense detected infectious-stage (L3) Mansonella mariae parasites (which are only known to infect non-human primates) in >0.15% of the tested head samples. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that residents of the periurban regions of São Gabriel da Cachoeira are routinely exposed to the bites of S. oyapockense blackflies which have previously fed on non-human primates.
Assuntos
Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Mansonella/isolamento & purificação , Mansonelose/veterinária , Simuliidae/parasitologia , Zoonoses/transmissão , Animais , Mansonelose/parasitologia , Mansonelose/transmissão , Zoonoses/parasitologiaRESUMO
Reported in Haiti as early as 1923, Mansonella ozzardi is still a neglected disease ignored by the health authorities of the country. This review is an update on the geographic distribution of the coastal foci of mansonelliasis in Haiti, the epidemiological profile and prevalence rates of microfilariae in people living in endemic areas, the clinical impact of the parasite on health and the efficiency of the transmission of the parasite among three Culicoides biting-midge species identified as vectors in Haiti. Additionally, interest in establishing a treatment programme to combat this parasite using a single dose of ivermectin is emphasised.
Assuntos
Ceratopogonidae/parasitologia , Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Mansonelose/epidemiologia , Doenças Negligenciadas/epidemiologia , Animais , Antiparasitários/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Haiti/epidemiologia , Humanos , Ivermectina/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Mansonelose/tratamento farmacológico , Mansonelose/transmissão , Microfilárias , Doenças Negligenciadas/tratamento farmacológico , Carga Parasitária , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Reported in Haiti as early as 1923, Mansonella ozzardi is still a neglected disease ignored by the health authorities of the country. This review is an update on the geographic distribution of the coastal foci of mansonelliasis in Haiti, the epidemiological profile and prevalence rates of microfilariae in people living in endemic areas, the clinical impact of the parasite on health and the efficiency of the transmission of the parasite among three Culicoides biting-midge species identified as vectors in Haiti. Additionally, interest in establishing a treatment programme to combat this parasite using a single dose of ivermectin is emphasised.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Ceratopogonidae/parasitologia , Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Mansonelose/epidemiologia , Doenças Negligenciadas/epidemiologia , Antiparasitários/administração & dosagem , Haiti/epidemiologia , Ivermectina/administração & dosagem , Microfilárias , Mansonelose/tratamento farmacológico , Mansonelose/transmissão , Doenças Negligenciadas/tratamento farmacológico , Carga Parasitária , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Mansonella ozzardi infections are common in the riverside communities along the Solimões, Negro and Purus Rivers in the state of Amazonas (AM). However, little is known about the presence of this parasite in communities located in regions bordering AM and the state of Acre. The prevalence rate of M. ozzardi infections was determined in blood samples from volunteers according to the Knott method. A total of 355 volunteers from six riverine communities were enrolled in the study and 65 (18.3%) were found to be infected with M. ozzardi. As expected, most of the infections (25%) occurred in individuals involved in agriculture, cattle rearing and fishing and an age/sex group analysis revealed that the prevalence increased beginning in the 40-50-years-of-age group and reached 33% in both sexes in individuals over 50 years of age. Based on the described symptomatology, articular pain and headache were found to be significantly higher among infected individuals (56 and 65% prevalence, respectively, p < 0.05). Sera from volunteers were subjected to ELISA using a cocktail of recombinant proteins from Onchocerca volvulus to evaluate the specificity of the test in an endemic M. ozzardi region. No cross-reactions between M. ozzardi-infected individuals and recombinant O. volvulus proteins were detected, thus providing information on the secure use of this particular cocktail in areas where these parasites are sympatric.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Mansonella/isolamento & purificação , Mansonelose/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Mansonelose/sangue , Mansonelose/transmissão , Onchocerca volvulus/genética , Prevalência , Proteínas Recombinantes , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Avaliação de Sintomas , Simuliidae/parasitologiaRESUMO
Mansonella ozzardi infections are common in the riverside communities along the Solimões, Negro and Purus Rivers in the state of Amazonas (AM). However, little is known about the presence of this parasite in communities located in regions bordering AM and the state of Acre. The prevalence rate of M. ozzardi infections was determined in blood samples from volunteers according to the Knott method. A total of 355 volunteers from six riverine communities were enrolled in the study and 65 (18.3%) were found to be infected with M. ozzardi. As expected, most of the infections (25%) occurred in individuals involved in agriculture, cattle rearing and fishing and an age/sex group analysis revealed that the prevalence increased beginning in the 40-50-years-of-age group and reached 33% in both sexes in individuals over 50 years of age. Based on the described symptomatology, articular pain and headache were found to be significantly higher among infected individuals (56 and 65% prevalence, respectively, p < 0.05). Sera from volunteers were subjected to ELISA using a cocktail of recombinant proteins from Onchocerca volvulus to evaluate the specificity of the test in an endemic M. ozzardi region. No cross-reactions between M. ozzardi-infected individuals and recombinant O. volvulus proteins were detected, thus providing information on the secure use of this particular cocktail in areas where these parasites are sympatric.
Assuntos
Mansonella/isolamento & purificação , Mansonelose/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Masculino , Mansonelose/sangue , Mansonelose/transmissão , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Onchocerca volvulus/genética , Prevalência , Proteínas Recombinantes , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Simuliidae/parasitologia , Avaliação de Sintomas , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Mansonella ozzardi and calculate the parasitic infection rate in simuliid blackflies. The research was conducted in communities on the Purus River, Boca do Acre municipality, Amazonas State, Brazil. Prevalence was measured using the thick smear method. Captured blackflies were dissected to verify the parasitic infection rate. M. ozzardi prevalence was 27.30% (77/282). The study showed higher prevalence in men (31.97%) than women (22.22%), farmers (48.99%), and individuals in the 38-47 (60.00%), 48-57 (66.66%), and 58-67-year age brackets (75.00%). Microfilaremia was higher in individuals 58 to 67 years of age (average= 58.41 mf/40 microl), men (41.44 mf/40 microl), and farmers (49.94 mf/40 microl). Only the simuliid Cerqueirellum amazonicum was found infected with a parasitic infection rate of 0.98%.
Assuntos
Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Mansonella/fisiologia , Mansonelose/epidemiologia , Microfilárias/fisiologia , Simuliidae/parasitologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Animais , Sangue/parasitologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Mansonelose/sangue , Mansonelose/transmissão , Microfilárias/isolamento & purificação , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ocupações/estatística & dados numéricos , Prevalência , Características de Residência , Rios , Distribuição por Sexo , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Este estudo teve o objetivo de estimar as prevalências de Mansonella ozzardi e calcular taxa de infecção parasitária nos simulídeos. O trabalho foi realizado em comunidades ribeirinhas do rio Purus, Boca do Acre, Amazonas, Brasil. As prevalências foram obtidas por meio do método de gota espessa de sangue obtido por porção digital. Os simulídeos coletados foram dissecados para estimar a taxa de infecção parasitária. A prevalência de M. ozzardi foi de 27,3 por cento (282/77). Foram observadas maiores prevalências nos homens (31,97 por cento) que nas mulheres (22,22 por cento), nos agricultores (48 por cento) e nos indivíduos entre: 38-47 (60 por cento), 48-57 (66,66 por cento) e 58-67 (75 por cento). A microfilaremia foi maior nos indivíduos entre 58-67 anos (média = 58,41mf/40µL), sexo masculino (41,44mf/40µL) e nos agricultores (49,94mf/40µL). Somente o simulídeo Cerqueirellum amazonicum foi encontrado infectado com taxa de infecção parasitária de 0,98 por cento.
The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Mansonella ozzardi and calculate the parasitic infection rate in simuliid blackflies. The research was conducted in communities on the Purus River, Boca do Acre municipality, Amazonas State, Brazil. Prevalence was measured using the thick smear method. Captured blackflies were dissected to verify the parasitic infection rate. M. ozzardi prevalence was 27.30 percent (77/282). The study showed higher prevalence in men (31.97 percent) than women (22.22 percent), farmers (48.99 percent), and individuals in the 38-47 (60.00 percent), 48-57 (66.66 percent), and 58-67-year age brackets (75.00 percent). Microfilaremia was higher in individuals 58 to 67 years of age (average= 58.41mf/40µl), men (41.44mf/40µl), and farmers (49.94mf/40µl). Only the simuliid Cerqueirellum amazonicum was found infected with a parasitic infection rate of 0.98 percent.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Mansonella/fisiologia , Mansonelose/epidemiologia , Microfilárias/fisiologia , Simuliidae/parasitologia , Fatores Etários , Sangue/parasitologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Mansonelose/sangue , Mansonelose/transmissão , Microfilárias/isolamento & purificação , Ocupações/estatística & dados numéricos , Prevalência , Características de Residência , Rios , Distribuição por Sexo , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto JovemRESUMO
En la presente revisión, se hace una exposición cronológica de los estudios sobre taxonomía y sistemática de simúlidos que se han llavado a cabo hasta el presente en Venesuela. Se acompaña un mapa indicando la distribución geográfica de los vectores y fondos de oncocercosis y mansonelosis en el país. Del género Simulium Latreille, 1902, se sañalan 51 especies y 7 del género Gigantodax Enderlein, 1925. Se presenta una lista sobre la distribución geográfica por entidades de las 59 especies de la familia Simuliidae Schiner, 1864, sañalando un total de 14 sinonimos en Venezuela
Assuntos
Animais , Simuliidae , Simuliidae/anatomia & histologia , Simuliidae/classificação , Vetores de Doenças , Mansonelose/transmissão , Oncocercose/transmissãoRESUMO
Revisamos as posiçöes taxonômicas de três espécies de simulídeos da Amazônia, Simulium guianense Wise, S. oyapockense Flock & Abonnenc e S. yarzabali Ramirez Perez. Sinonimizamos S. cuasisanguineum Ramires Perez, Yarzabal & Peterson com S. oyapockense, revalidamos S. yarzabali que estava em sinonímia com S. incrustatum. Discutimos os papéis destas três espécies na transmissäo de oncocercose e mansonelose humana na Amazônia