RESUMO
Objetivo. Determinar la estructura química de flavonas aisladas del extracto metanólico de hojas de Marrubium vulgare L. "Cordón", mediante comparación con lo publicado por TJ Mabry. Materiales y métodos. Se elaboró extracto metanólico de hojas de Marrubium vulgare L. "Cordón" . Se determinó su solubilidad en solventes de polaridad creciente. Se detectaron los componentes químicos utilizando tricloruro férrico, reactivo de Shinoda, gelatina, entre otros reactivos cromogénicos. Se realizó cromatografía en capa fina y por espectroscopía UV/VIS se propusieron estructuras químicas para los metabolitos tipo flavonas presentes en el extracto metanólico de hojas de Marrubium vulgare L. "Cordón" . Resultados. El extracto metanólico de hojas de Marrubium vulgare L. "Cordón" fue soluble en solventes de mediana polaridad. Los metabolitos secundarios encontrados fueron flavonoides, taninos y alcaloides. Se propusieron estructuras químicas de flavonas a través del análisis de los espectros UV/Vis, y por comparación con tablas publicadas en la literatura. Conclusiones. Se determinaron nueve estructuras químicas de metabolitos secundarios tipo flavonas del extracto metanólico de hojas de Marrubium vulgare L. "Cordón" mediante comparación con lo publicado por TJ Mabry.
Objective. Determine the chemical structure of flavones isolated from the methanolic extract of Marrubium vulgare L. "Cordón" leaves by comparison with that published by TJ Mabry. Materials and methods. Methanolic leaf extract of Marrubium vulgare L. "Cordón" was prepared. Its solubility in solvents of increasing polarity was determined. The chemical components were detected using ferric trichloride, Shinoda reagent, gelatin, among other chromogenic reagents. Thin layer chromatography was performed and by UV / VIS spectroscopy chemical structures were proposed for flavone metabolites present in the methanolic leaf extract of Marrubium vulgare L. "Cordón". Results. The methanolic extract of Marrubium vulgare L. "Cordón" leaves was soluble in medium polarity solvents. The secondary metabolites found were flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids. Chemical structures of flavones were proposed through the analysis of the UV / Vis spectra, and by comparison with tables published in the literature. Conclusion. Nine chemical structures of flavone secondary metabolites of the methanolic leaf extract of Marrubium vulgare L. "Cordón" were determined by comparison with that published by TJ Mabry.
Assuntos
Marrubium/química , Flavonas , Plantas Medicinais , Análise Espectral , Extratos Vegetais , Cromatografia , Compostos Fitoquímicos , Medicina TradicionalRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE: Medicinal plants have been used for centuries for the empirical treatment of many diseases. This study documented the use of plant species in traditional medicine in the municipality of Xalpatlahuac, Guerrero, México. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Direct interviews were performed with inhabitants from Xalpatlahuac. The interviews were analyzed with two quantitative tools: (a) the informant consensus factor (ICF) that estimates the level of agreement about which medicinal plants may be used for each category and (b) the relative importance (RI) that determines the extent of potential utilization of each species. RESULTS: A total of 67 plant species with medicinal purposes, belonging to 36 families and used to treat 55 illnesses and 3 cultural filiations were reported by interviewees. Nineteen mixtures with medicinal plants were reported by the interviewers. Mentha piperita was the most used plant for combinations (4 mixtures). The results of the ICF showed that diseases of the respiratory and digestive systems had the greatest agreement. The most versatile species according to their RI are Marrubium vulgare, Mimosa albida and Psidium guajava.. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that plant species play an important role in healing practices and magical-religious rituals among inhabitants from Xalpatlahuac, Guerrero, Mexico. Furthermore, pharmacological, phytochemical and toxicological studies with medicinal flora, including mixtures, are required for the experimental validation of their traditional uses.
Assuntos
Etnofarmacologia/métodos , Medicina Tradicional/métodos , Preparações de Plantas/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Doenças do Sistema Digestório/tratamento farmacológico , Etnobotânica/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Marrubium/química , Mentha piperita/química , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fitoterapia/métodos , Preparações de Plantas/química , Psidium/química , Doenças Respiratórias/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Steam distillation of essential oils of aerial parts of Thymus capitatus and Marrubium vulgare L. collected at North cost of Egypt yielded 0.5% and 0.2%, respectively. Results of Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of the two samples identified 96.27% and 90.19% of the total oil composition for T. capitatus and M. vulgare, respectively. The two oil samples appeared dominated by the oxygenated constituents (88.22% for T. capitatus and 57.50% for M. vulgare), composed of phenols, mainly carvacrol (32.98%) and thymol (32.82%) in essential oil of T. capitatus, and thymol (34.55%) in essential oil of M. vulgare. It was evaluated the molluscicidal activity of T. capitatus and M. vulgare essential oils on adult and eggs of Biomphalaria alexandrina as well as their mosquitocidal activity on Culex pipiens. The LC50 and LC90 of T. capitatus essential oil against adult snails was 200 and 400 ppm/3hrs, respectively, while for M. vulgare it was 50 and 100 ppm/3hrs, respectively. Moreover, M. vulgare showed LC100 ovicidal activity at 200 ppm/24 hrs while T. capitatus oil showed no ovicidal activity. It was verified mosquitocidal activity, with LC50 and LC90 of 100 and 200 ppm/12hrs respectively for larvae, and 200 and 400 ppm/12hrs respectively for pupae of C. pipiens.
A destilação por arraste a vapor dos óleos essenciais de partes aéreas de Thymus capitatus Hoff. et Link. e de Marrubium vulgare L. coletadas na costa norte do Egito resultaram em rendimento de 0,5% e 0,2%, respectivamente. Resultados de análises por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas de ambas as amostras possibilitaram a identificação de 96,27% e 90,19% dos constituintes químicos respectivamente de T. capitatus e M. vulgare. Verificou-se predomínio de constituintes oxigenados (88,22% para T. capitatus e 57,50% para M. vulgare, principalmente fenóis, como carvacrol (32,98%) e timol (32,82%) no óleo essencial de T. capitatus, e timol (34,55%) no óleo essencial de M. vulgare. Avaliou-se a atividade dos óleos essenciais obtidos contra adultos e ovos de Biomphalaria alexandrina, bem como em larvas e pupas de Culex pipiens. A CL50 e CL90 do óleo essencial de T. capitatus em moluscos adultos foi respectivamente 200 e 400 ppm/3hrs, enquanto para o óles essencial de M. vulgare verificou-se CL50 e CL90 de 50 e 100 ppm/3hrs, respectivamente. Além disso, M. vulgare apresentou atividade ovicida, com CL 100 de 200 ppm/24 horas, enquanto o óleo essencial de T. capitatus não demonstrou atividade ovicida. Verificou-se ainda atividade mosquitocida, com CL50 e CL90 de 100 e 200 ppm/12hrs respectivamente para larvas, e 200 e 400 ppm/12hrs contra pupas de C. pipiens.
Assuntos
Animais , Culex , Inseticidas , Moluscocidas , Marrubium/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Thymus (Planta)/química , Biomphalaria , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos de Plantas/química , Pupa/efeitos dos fármacos , Thymus (Planta)/classificaçãoRESUMO
Steam distillation of essential oils of aerial parts of Thymus capitatus and Marrubium vulgare L. collected at North cost of Egypt yielded 0.5% and 0.2%, respectively. Results of Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of the two samples identified 96.27% and 90.19% of the total oil composition for T. capitatus and M. vulgare, respectively. The two oil samples appeared dominated by the oxygenated constituents (88.22% for T. capitatus and 57.50% for M. vulgare), composed of phenols, mainly carvacrol (32.98%) and thymol (32.82%) in essential oil of T. capitatus, and thymol (34.55%) in essential oil of M. vulgare. It was evaluated the molluscicidal activity of T. capitatus and M. vulgare essential oils on adult and eggs of Biomphalaria alexandrina as well as their mosquitocidal activity on Culex pipiens. The LC50 and LC90 of T. capitatus essential oil against adult snails was 200 and 400 ppm/3hrs, respectively, while for M. vulgare it was 50 and 100 ppm/3hrs, respectively. Moreover, M. vulgare showed LC100 ovicidal activity at 200 ppm/24 hrs while T. capitatus oil showed no ovicidal activity. It was verified mosquitocidal activity, with LC50 and LC90 of 100 and 200 ppm/12hrs respectively for larvae, and 200 and 400 ppm/12hrs respectively for pupae of C. pipiens.
Assuntos
Culex , Inseticidas , Marrubium/química , Moluscocidas , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Thymus (Planta)/química , Animais , Biomphalaria , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Dose Letal Mediana , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos de Plantas/química , Pupa/efeitos dos fármacos , Thymus (Planta)/classificaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the gastroprotective properties of the methanol extract and the diterpene marrubiin obtained from the leaves of M. vulgare. METHODS: Assays were performed using different protocols in mice. Studies focusing on mechanisms of gastroprotection were also undertaken. KEY FINDINGS: In the model of ethanol-induced ulcers, we observed a significant reduction in all the parameters analysed; the curative ratios obtained were 49.31±0.57, 74.31±0.91 and 79.86±0.59 for the groups treated with 50 and 100mg/kg of extract of M. vulgare and omeprazole (30mg/kg), respectively. For indomethacin-induced ulcers, the percentages of ulcer inhibition were 50.32±5.60, 66.24±4.30, 82.17±04.09 and 67.52±4.38, for the groups treated with 25, 50 and 100mg/kg M. vulgare and positive control (cimetidine), respectively. In both models, the marrubiin (25mg/kg) produced a significant reduction in all the parameters when compared with the control group (P<0.01). There was also a significant increase in pH and mucus production in the groups treated with M. vulgare extract and marubiin. The results also demonstrated that the gastroprotection induced by the extract and marubiin is related to the activity of nitric oxide and endogenous sulfhydryls, which are important gastroprotective factors. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that the extract of M. vulgare and marrubiin displays antiulcer activity and that this effect can be partly attributed to the isolated diterpene.
Assuntos
Antiulcerosos/uso terapêutico , Diterpenos/uso terapêutico , Marrubium/química , Muco/metabolismo , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Antiulcerosos/isolamento & purificação , Antiulcerosos/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Diterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Diterpenos/farmacologia , Etanol , Ácido Gástrico/metabolismo , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Indometacina , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta , Úlcera Gástrica/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
The genus Marrubium (Lamiaceae) is comprised of about forty species, distributed in Europe, Asia and Brazil. Some species are traditionally used to treat various diseases, including asthma, pulmonary infections, inflammation and hypotension, as cholagogues and sedative agents, and for pain relief. A literature review on the chemical and biological aspects of these plants indicates antimicrobial activity against gram positive bacteria, analgesic properties, and anti-hypertensive, antidiabetic, antioxidant properties, among others, particularly related to the presence of diterpenes, sterols, phenylpropanoids and flavonoids. This review shows the main chemical and pharmacological aspects of the genus Marrubium, with emphasis on M. vulgare, which grows in Brazil and has been studied by us and other authors.
Assuntos
Marrubium/química , Preparações de Plantas/química , Preparações de Plantas/farmacologia , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional , Estrutura Molecular , Preparações de Plantas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
This paper describes the antioedematogenic profile of marrubiin (1), the main constituent of Marrubium vulgare, a medicinal plant used in folk medicine of several countries to treat different pathologies. Compound (1) was analyzed in a model of microvascular leakage in mice ears. The results show that it exhibits significant and dose-related antioedematogenic effects. The results obtained for ID50 values (mg/kg, i.p.) and maximal inhibition (%) for the different phlogistic agents used were as follows: histamine (HIS, 13.84 mg/kg and 73.7%); (BK, 18.82 mg/kg and 70.0%); carrageenan (CAR, 13.61 mg/kg and 63.0%). The other phlogistic agonists, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), caused inhibition of less than 50%. In addition, (1) (100 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the OVO-induced allergic edema in actively sensitized animals (maximal inhibition 67.6+/-4%). Our results demonstrate that the systemic administration of marrubiin exerts a non-specific inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory agent-induced microvascular extravasation of Evans blue in mouse ear.
Assuntos
Diterpenos/farmacologia , Marrubium/química , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Carragenina/toxicidade , Dexametasona/farmacologia , Diterpenos/química , Diterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Histamina/toxicidade , Masculino , Camundongos , Estrutura Molecular , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/químicaRESUMO
Marrubiin, a furane labdane diterpene, is the main analgesic compound present in Marrubium vulgare, a medicinal plant used in Brazil and other countries to treat several ailments. Considering its important pharmacological action, as well as its high yield, some structural modifications were performed in order to obtain more active compounds. Success was obtained in reducing the lactonic function, in the formation of marrubiinic acid and two esterified derivatives, which exhibited significant analgesic effect against the writhing test in mice. Marrubiinic acid showed better activity and excellent yield, and its analgesic effect was confirmed in other experimental models of pain in mice, suggesting its possible use as a model to obtain new and potent analgesic agents.