RESUMO
Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) occurs with variable prevalence in horses, donkeys, and mules. Due to the particularities of the mucous membranes, the syndrome is made up of Squamous Gastric Disease (ESGD) and Glandular Gastric Disease (EGGD). Given the multifactorial nature and multiple classification systems of the syndrome, significant differences have been reported between prevalence studies performed ante mortem, which are even more remarkable when compared with postmortem evaluations. This study aimed to determine the presence and grade of squamous gastric disease in horses, donkeys and mules immediately after slaughter. The postmortem examination considered the inspection of the squamous region (cardia, dorsal fundus, and margo plicatus) and the classification of the observed lesions. The general prevalence of ESGD in the entire population of study was 83.3 % (78 %, 89 %, and 83 % for horses, donkeys, and mules, respectively), compromising the margo plicatus in all cases. 75 % had more than 5 lesions and 50 % had deep lesions, lesions of varying severity and/or evidence of recent/active bleeding. The prevalence of ESGD was similar in horses, donkeys, and mules subjected to similar handling conditions prior to slaughter, including long-distance traveling, fasting, and stress factors.
Assuntos
Equidae , Animais , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Matadouros/estatística & dados numéricos , Gastropatias/veterinária , Gastropatias/epidemiologia , Gastropatias/patologia , Cavalos , Úlcera Gástrica/epidemiologia , Úlcera Gástrica/veterinária , Úlcera Gástrica/patologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/patologiaRESUMO
Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) management procedures are directly linked to the final quality of the product. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-slaughter density and different stunning methods on biochemical, respiratory and muscle injury parameters associated with quality and sensory characteristics of Nile tilapia fillets. Fish with an average weight of 762±105 g were used, first collected called the control group. The experiment was conducted in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme, with two densities (50 and 300 kg of live weight m-3) and two stunning methods thus totaling four treatments, with 15 repetitions per treatment totaling 75 fish sampled. Blood gas analysis, evaluation of biochemical parameters, analysis of meat quality and sensory analysis were carried out. For blood gas, biochemical and enzymatic parameters, the highest values were obtained for the density of 300 kg m-3 and asphyxia method: partial pressures of CO2; glucose and lactate, the highest values presented were 268.98 and 11.33 mg dL-1 respectively. As well as enzymatic activities, Creatinine kinase (CPK); Creatinine kinase isoenzyme (CKMB) showed higher values (768.93 and 1078.98 mg dL-1 respectively) in the higher density and asphyxia method. Conversely, when evaluating the quality parameters, the highest values were observed for lower density and thermonarcosis. High depuration density (300 kg m-3), combined with the asphyxiation stunning method, promotes changes in respiratory dynamics and provides greater stress, less firm fillet texture and greater weight loss due to cooking, as well as changes in creatine kinase (CK) and its CK-MB isoenzyme, demonstrating greater muscle damage. On the other hand, the density of 50 kg m-3 during pre-slaughter, combined with the method of stunning by thermonarcosis, provide a longer period of permanence in pre rigor mortis, which will result in fillets with a better sensory profile.
Assuntos
Ciclídeos , Animais , Ciclídeos/fisiologia , Estresse Fisiológico , Matadouros , Alimentos Marinhos , Respiração , Qualidade dos AlimentosRESUMO
The aim of this study was to identify virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles and determine the sequence type (ST) by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of Salmonella enterica isolates from bovine carcasses from slaughterhouse located in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, and its relationship with bovine isolates obtained on the American continent based on sequence type profile. The MLST results were compared with all Salmonella STs associated with cattle on American continent, and a multi-locus sequence tree (MS tree) was built. Among the 17 S. enterica isolates, five ST profiles identified, and ST10 were the most frequent, grouping seven (41.2%) isolates. The isolates presented 11 different profiles of virulence genes, and six different antibiotics resistance profiles. The survey on Enterobase platform showed 333 Salmonella STs from American continent, grouped into four different clusters. Most of the isolates in the present study (13/17), were concentrated in a single cluster (L4) composed by 74 STs. As a conclusion, five different STs were identified, with ST10 being the most common. The isolates showed great diversity of virulence genes and antibiotics resistance profiles. Most of the isolates of this study were grouped into a single cluster composed by 74 STs formed by bovine isolates obtained on the American continent.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Salmonelose Animal , Salmonella enterica , Fatores de Virulência , Animais , Bovinos , Salmonella enterica/genética , Salmonella enterica/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella enterica/isolamento & purificação , Salmonella enterica/patogenicidade , Salmonella enterica/classificação , Brasil , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Salmonelose Animal/microbiologia , Virulência/genética , Fatores de Virulência/genética , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , MatadourosRESUMO
Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) and Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) are pathogenic microorganisms that can cause severe clinical symptoms in humans and are associated with bovine meat consumption. Specific monitoring for E. coli O157: H7 or C. jejuni in meat is not mandatory under Chilean regulations. In this study, we analyzed 544 samples for the detection of both microorganisms, obtained from 272 bovine carcasses (280 kg average) at two slaughterhouses in the Bio-Bío District, Chile. Sampling was carried out at post-shower of carcasses and after channel passage through the cold chamber. Eleven samples were found to be positive for E. coli O157:H7 (4.0%) using microbiological and biochemical detection techniques and were subjected to a multiplex PCR to detect fliC and rfbE genes. Six samples (2.2%) were also found to be positive for the pathogenicity genes stx1, stx2, and eaeA. Twenty-two carcasses (8.0%) were found to be positive for C. jejuni using microbiological and biochemical detection techniques, but no sample with amplified mapA gene was found.
Assuntos
Matadouros , Campylobacter jejuni , Escherichia coli O157 , Proteínas de Escherichia coli , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Animais , Bovinos , Campylobacter jejuni/isolamento & purificação , Campylobacter jejuni/genética , Escherichia coli O157/isolamento & purificação , Escherichia coli O157/genética , Chile , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Flagelina/genética , Carne/microbiologia , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Adesinas Bacterianas/genética , Toxina Shiga I/genética , Toxina Shiga II/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Transaminases , Carboidratos EpimerasesRESUMO
The state of Minas Gerais is one of Brazil's largest animal protein producers, and its slaughterhouses generate highly polluting wastewater, which needs to be treated for discharge or reuse. As a novelty, this review article focused on assessing the characteristics and methods to treat wastewater from slaughterhouses in the state of Minas Gerais, and verifying its compliance with environmental regulatory agencies. The aim was to present data that helps to better manage this residue in other Brazilian states and countries. By analyzing the literature data, it was found that raw slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW) showed a high concentration of organic matter. For most SWW, the BOD5/COD ratio was above 0.4, which implies that it can be treated biologically. Generally, treated wastewater was in accordance with legal discharge standards, considering COD and BOD5 removals above 70% and 75%, respectively. It was found that wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) consisted of some type of pretreatment (screens, grease traps) to remove coarse solids and fatty material, eventually followed by a flotation step and finally by biological processes, mostly anaerobic and/or aerated (or facultative) ponds. However, the absence of an aerobic process at the end of the treatment in some WWTPs, in addition to a system allowing better removal of biological flocs, might be the reason for ammoniacal nitrogen and suspended solids values being above the allowed maximum in treated wastewater, respectively. Besides the discharge into water bodies, it was verified that fertigation using treated SWW is very common in the state of Minas Gerais.
Assuntos
Matadouros , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos , Águas Residuárias , Águas Residuárias/química , Brasil , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , AnimaisRESUMO
Fascioliasis is a trematodiasis that affects domestic and wild animals as well as humans worldwide. It is a well-recognized disease in livestock, were it produces serious economic losses. Yet in cattle, there is limited information about the burden of liver flukes and its relation to the eggs per gram shed to the environment. There is also lack of knowledge on the effect of parasite load in blood parameters of infected animals, which is important to evaluate the severity and progression of the disease. The objective of this work was to gain insight in these aspects. Cattle from Mendoza province, Argentina, were inspected at a farm and at the abattoir determining the presence or absence of Fasciola hepatica. Each animal was sampled for blood and feces and in the slaughterhouse the livers were inspected. Hematology and blood chemistry parameters were determined, feces were examined for F. hepatica eggs by a quantitative sedimentation technique and livers were thoroughly inspected to determine the number of flukes. Infected cattle presented a mild burden of liver flukes per animal, strongly correlated (r = 0.72) to the number of eggs per gram of feces. The total number of eggs (XÌ=35,100) shed per animal to the environment and the type of livestock management techniques in the region exacerbate the role of cattle as efficient reservoirs of this disease. Statistically significant lower red blood cell, lymphocyte and neutrophil counts were observed in infected compared to uninfected animals. All hepatic parameters tested showed highly statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) as well as proteins by cause of rise of globulins in infected cattle. The correlation between the amount of flukes in the liver and the number of eggs per gram of faces indicates coprology as a reliable and cost-effective method to infer parasite burden. The impact of fascioliasis on blood parameters can be of aid for the veterinary practitioner on the assessment of this disease on cattle.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Fasciola hepatica , Fasciolíase , Fezes , Carga Parasitária , Animais , Fasciolíase/veterinária , Fasciolíase/sangue , Fasciolíase/parasitologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/sangue , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Fasciola hepatica/isolamento & purificação , Argentina/epidemiologia , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas , Fígado/parasitologia , Análise Química do Sangue , Doença Crônica , MatadourosRESUMO
The evaluation of the ecotoxicological effects of the effluent after treatment with peracetic acid is relevant to help establish reference concentrations for the disinfection process and waste recovery. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the ecotoxicity of effluent from a bovine slaughterhouse treated with peracetic acid on Girardia tigrina. The toxicity bioassays for planaria were the acute test (LC50) and chronic assays: locomotion, regeneration, reproduction and fertility. The results showed that the effluent treated with peracetic acid showed less toxicity than the effluent without application of peracetic acid. The effluent after peracetic acid application showed a chronic toxic effect in the reduction of locomotor speed in all studied disinfectant concentrations (0.8, 1.6, 3.3 and 6.6 µg L-1 of peracetic acid) and a delay in the formation of G. tigrina photoreceptors at the concentration of 6.6 µg L-1 of peracetic acid. Peracetic acid concentrations of 0.8, 1.6 and 3.3 µg L-1 were not toxic for blastema regeneration, photoreceptor and auricle formation, fecundity and fertility. In addition, this study assists in defining doses of peracetic acid to be recommended in order to ensure the wastewater disinfection process without causing harm to aquatic organisms.
Assuntos
Matadouros , Desinfetantes , Ácido Peracético , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Ácido Peracético/toxicidade , Animais , Bovinos , Desinfetantes/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Desinfecção/métodos , Águas Residuárias/toxicidadeRESUMO
Bovine fasciolosis is a parasitic disease with a global reach. Coprological based on egg detection in fecal samples and liver inspection to evaluate the presence of the parasite is currently the gold standard for diagnosing chronic fasciolosis in cattle. However, these techniques are labor-intensive and ineffective during the acute phase of the disease. Serodiagnosis using native and recombinant antigens has become an interesting alternative in efforts to identify cattle fasciolosis. We evaluated cattle from abattoir (n = 139) and farms (n = 500) through liver inspection and coprological examination, respectively. Our laboratory team optimized and validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests based on somatic antigen, excretory/secretory proteins, and the recombinant antigen cathepsin L-1 to detect serum antibodies against fasciolosis in cattle. For animals from abattoir, 10 were positive for fasciolosis according to liver inspection. Both FhES and FhrCL-1 presented an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve of 0.80, with a sensitivity of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.46-0.95) and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.38-0.90) and specificity of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.73-0.87) and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.80-0.92), respectively. For those cattle from farms, 28 were positive only for fasciolosis according to coprological examination. In this scenario, FhES gave the best performance, with an AUROC of 0.84, sensitivity of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.60-0.90), and specificity of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.82-0.89). In conclusion, our study highlights the potential of serodiagnosis for accurately screening cattle fasciolosis. The promising sensitivity and specificity values of FhES when compared to liver inspection or coprological examination enhance its importance for cattle fasciolosis diagnosis. IMPORTANCE: The aim of this article was to identify antibodies against fasciolosis in cattle in Brazil. The methodology was reproduced in our laboratory and applied for the first time to the Brazilian cattle herd. The antigens tested can be used as a screening test and thus speed up the diagnosis of bovine fascioliasis.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-Helmínticos , Antígenos de Helmintos , Doenças dos Bovinos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Fasciolíase , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Animais , Bovinos , Fasciolíase/diagnóstico , Fasciolíase/veterinária , Fasciolíase/imunologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Antígenos de Helmintos/imunologia , Brasil , Anticorpos Anti-Helmínticos/sangue , Proteínas Recombinantes/imunologia , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Fezes/parasitologia , Testes Sorológicos/métodos , Testes Sorológicos/veterinária , Fasciola hepatica/imunologia , Matadouros , Curva ROC , Fígado/parasitologiaRESUMO
Small slaughterhouses generate biowaste, which for economic reasons, is generally destined for composting. Inoculating appropriate microorganisms can improve biodegradation efficiency and mitigate odor generation during the composting process and can give rise to composts with neutral or pleasant odors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the odor intensity reduction of compost generated with and without a formulated inoculum (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus subtilis, and Rhodopseudomonas palustris). A set of experimental data was collected and analyzed according to the German "Verein Deutscher Ingenieure" odor protocol. The results showed that adding microorganisms was effective in reducing unpleasant odors in all three composts generated from swine, cattle, and poultry slaughterhouse by-products during both summer and winter seasons. Additionally, soil odor was predominant in composts that were inoculated in the two tested seasons (i.e., summer and winter). On the other hand, composts without inoculation had odors similar to peat for swine compost, ammonia for cattle compost, and manure for poultry compost, regardless of the season tested. Overall, composting process with appropriate inoculum can help in the correct disposal of slaughterhouse wastes by transforming organic matter into composts, which can have economic and environmental value as a soil conditioner and/or fertilizer.
Assuntos
Compostagem , Animais , Bovinos , Suínos , Matadouros , Odorantes/prevenção & controle , Solo , Biodegradação Ambiental , EstercoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate handling and transport variables as potential causes of disturbed behaviour in response to seeing a person on an overhead observation platform during pre-slaughter in batches of females and castrated males composed of pure or crossed Bos Taurus animals (Aberdeen Angus, Red Angus, Hereford and Charolais) with a maximum of 37.5% Bos indicus, and maturity at slaughter varying from zero to eight teeth, coming from pasture and confined systems. For the batches of castrated males, the independent variables included the distance covered on the trip, and the handling and facilities on the farms. For the female batches, the variables were travel time and waiting time prior to unloading. For both sexes, the presence of horns in the batches and the load density were included in the regression equations. Disturbed behaviour, the result of factors related to animal handling and transportation, is detrimental to satisfactory results in production systems. It is up to the managers in the production chain to seek alternatives in order to minimise inappropriate behaviour, which is one determinant of loss. Handling and transport are determining factors in the behaviour of beef cattle during the pre-slaughter period.