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Objetivo: analisar na literatura científica as evidências sobre a assistência de enfermeiros que atuam na estratégia saúde da família às crianças que sofrem maus-tratos. Método: Revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados: Web of Science, Embase, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature e Medical Literature and Retrivial Sistem online, no período de março a maio de 2021.Resultados: Foram selecionados oito estudos que emergiram as categorias: conhecimento da prática profissional dos enfermeiros em casos de violência infantil; despreparo e desproteção dos enfermeiros com relação à tomada de decisão frente aos casos de violência e dificuldades enfrentadas pelos enfermeiros da atenção primária à saúde mediante o encaminhamento de casos de violência. Conclusão: A falta de preparo assistencial pelos enfermeiros é identificada pela ausência de um protocolo operacional padrão para nortear a assistência a crianças vítima de violência infantil.

Objective: to analyze the evidence in the scientific literature about the assistance provided by nurses who work in the family health strategy to children who suffer abuse. Method: Integrative review carried out in the following databases: Web of Science, Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Medical Literature and Retrivial Online System, from March to May of 2021. Results: Eight studies were selected that emerged in the following categories: knowledge of nurses' professional practice in cases of child violence; nurses' unpreparedness and lack of protection regarding decision-making in cases of violence and difficulties faced by nurses in primary health care through the referral of cases of violence. Conclusion: The nurses' lack of care preparation is identified by the absence of a standard operational protocol to guide the assistance to children who are victims of child violence.

Objetivo: analizar la evidencia en la literatura científica sobre la asistencia brindada por enfermeras que trabajan en la estrategia de salud familiar a los niños que sufren maltrato. Método: Revisión integrativa realizada en las siguientes bases de datos: Web of Science, Embase, Literatura Latinoamericana y Caribeña en Ciencias de la Salud, Índice Acumulativo de Literatura en Enfermería y Afines en Salud y Literatura Médica y Sistema Retrivial Online, de marzo a mayo de 2021. Resultados: Se seleccionaron ocho estudios que surgieron en las siguientes categorías: conocimiento de la práctica profesional del enfermero en casos de violencia infantil; la falta de preparación y desprotección de las enfermeras en la toma de decisiones en casos de violencia y las dificultades que enfrentan las enfermeras en la atención primaria de salud a través de la derivación de casos de violencia. Conclusión: La falta de preparación asistencial de las enfermeras se identifica por la ausencia de un protocolo operativo estándar que oriente la atención a los niños víctimas de violencia infantil.

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of child maltreatment-related hospitalizations for children under 3 years for the population of Washington State. STUDY DESIGN: A population-based study using retrospective linked administrative data for all children born in Washington State from 2000 through 2013 (n = 1 191 802). The dataset was composed of linked birth and hospitalization records for the entire state. Child maltreatment-related hospitalizations were identified using diagnostic codes, both specifically attributed to and suggestive of maltreatment. Incidence were calculated for the population, by birth year, by sex, and by maltreatment subtype. RESULTS: A total of 3885 hospitalizations related to child maltreatment were identified for an incidence of 10.87 per 10 000 person-years. Hospitalizations related to child maltreatment accounted for 2.1% of all hospitalizations for children under the age of 3 years. This percentage doubled over time, reaching a high in 2012 (3.6%). More than one-half of all hospitalizations were related to neglect. Maltreatment-related hospitalizations occurred most frequently in the first year of life for all subtypes except for neglect, which occurred the most between 1 and 2 years of age. Male children had higher incidence than female children in general (11.97 vs 9.70 per 10 000 person-years) and across all subtypes. CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalizations can be a useful source of population-based child maltreatment surveillance. The identification of neglect-related hospitalizations, likely the result of supervisory neglect, because the most common subtype is an important finding for the development of prevention programming.

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Objetivo: desvelar a produção acerca da assistência de enfermagem prestada às crianças/adolescentes vítimas de violência. Método: trata-se de uma revisão sistematizada realizada com consulta nas bases de dados: LILACS, Scielo e BDENF. Foram selecionados 19 artigos para compor este trabalho. A análise de dados deu-se por meio da proposta de Mendes, Silveira e Galvão. Resultados: os dados foram discutidos através dos tópicos: despreparo dos profissionais frente aos casos de violência infantil; sentimentos dos profissionais envolvidos no cuidado à criança/adolescente vítima de violência; notificação, protocolos e rotinas na assistência à criança/ adolescente vítima de violência; estratégias de assistência à criança/adolescente vítima de violência. Conclusão: os profissionais de enfermagem não se sentem preparados para atuarem frente aos casos de violência infantil. Identificou-se a necessidade de protocolos assistenciais que respaldem a assistência profissional. Ademais, é importante o fortalecimento da rede de atenção intersetorial que garanta a assistência adequada às vítimas e suas famílias

Objective: to explore the literature regarding the nursing care provided to children/adolescents victims of violence. Method: it consists of a systematic review performed on databases such as, LILACS, Scielo and BDENF. 19 articles have been selected to compose this study. The data analysis was developed throughout Mendes, Silveira and Galvão's proposal. Results: the data discussion occurred throughout the following topics: professional unpreparedness to deal with cases of child violence; the feelings of professionals involved on the care provided to a child/adolescent victim of violence; notification, protocols and routines regarding the assistance of children/adolescents victims of violence. Conclusion: nursing professionals do not feel prepared to deal with situations of children violence. It was identified the need of protocols that support the nursing assistance. Furthermore, it is important to enhance the intersectoral attention network in order to ensure the appropriate care to the victims and their families

Objetivo: desvelar la producción acerca de la asistencia de enfermería a los niños/adolescentes víctimas de violencia. Método: se trata de una revisión sistematizada realizada con consulta en las bases de datos: LILACS, Scielo y BDENF. Se seleccionaron 19 artículos para componer este trabajo. El análisis de datos se dio através de la propuesta de Mendes, Silveira y Galvão. Resultados: los datos fueron discutidos através de los tópicos: despreparo de los profesionales frente a los casos de violencia infantil; sentimientos de los profesionales envolvidos en el cuidado al niño/ adolescente víctima de violencia; notificación, protocolos y rutinas en la asistencia al niño/adolescente víctima de violencia; estrategias de asistencia al niño/adolescente víctima de violencia. Conclusión: los profesionales de enfermería no se sienten preparados para actuar frente a los casos de violencia infantil. Se identificó la necesidad de protocolos asistenciales que soporten la asistencia profesional. Además, es importante el fortalecimiento de la red de atención intersectorial que promueva la asistencia adecuada a las víctimas y sus familia

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OBJECTIVE: To characterize racial and ethnic disparities in the evaluation and reporting of suspected abusive head trauma (AHT) across the 18 participating sites of the Pediatric Brain Injury Research Network (PediBIRN). We hypothesized that such disparities would be confirmed at multiple sites and occur more frequently in patients with a lower risk for AHT. STUDY DESIGN: Aggregate and site-specific analysis of the cross-sectional PediBIRN dataset, comparing AHT evaluation and reporting frequencies in subpopulations of white/non-Hispanic and minority race/ethnicity patients with lower vs higher risk for AHT. RESULTS: In the PediBIRN study sample of 500 young, acutely head-injured patients hospitalized for intensive care, minority race/ethnicity patients (n = 229) were more frequently evaluated (P < .001; aOR, 2.2) and reported (P = .001; aOR, 1.9) for suspected AHT than white/non-Hispanic patients (n = 271). These disparities occurred almost exclusively in lower risk patients, including those ultimately categorized as non-AHT (P = .001 [aOR, 2.4] and P = .003 [aOR, 2.1]) or with an estimated AHT probability of ≤25% (P <.001 [aOR, 4.1] and P <.001 [aOR, 2.8]). Similar site-specific analyses revealed that these results reflected more extreme disparities at only 2 of 18 sites, and were not explained by local confounders. CONCLUSION: Significant race/ethnicity-based disparities in AHT evaluation and reporting were observed at only 2 of 18 sites and occurred almost exclusively in lower risk patients. In the absence of local confounders, these disparities likely represent the impact of local physicians' implicit bias.

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El presente artículo desarrolla el proceso de valoración de enfermería en la práctica comunitaria y el análisis de una situación de enfermería en el proceso de adaptación de un menor ante discriminación y violencia familiar. El análisis se realizó desde la teoría de rango medio (TRM) de Afrontamiento de Roy, y se operacionalizó con el proceso de enfermería mostrando que es autónomo, fundamentado y dinámico, ubicada en una visión de mundo integrativa/interactiva; utilizando, además, los patrones de conocimiento de enfermería: empírico, estético, personal y ético. Se expone unas intervenciones y resultados que buscaron mediar el uso de las taxonomías del lenguaje estandarizados, con la meta desde un planteamiento teórico. Se concluye que es fundamental el uso de una TRM en la práctica tanto clínica como comunitaria, que conduzca y guíe la formación del profesional y la forma como se brinda cuidado. Adicionalmente se logra proponer un proceso de enfermería articulado y coherente con la teoría seleccionada, haciendo del presente análisis una estrategia novedosa de gran utilidad para la comprensión e intervención en la práctica, teniendo en cuenta que se parte de un contexto que involucra escuela, familia, hogar y persona que, al recolectar la información de la mayoría los participantes del proceso, se permite comprender y llevar a cabo las intervenciones.

This article develops the process of nursing assessment in community practice and the analysis of a nursing situation in the process of adaptation of a child in the face of discrimination and family violence. The analysis was made from Roy's Coping Medium Range Theory (TRM), and it was operationalized with the nursing process showing that it is autonomous, grounded and dynamic, located in an integrative / interactive world view; using, in addition, nursing knowledge patterns: empirical, aesthetic, personal and ethical. Some interventions and results are presented that sought to mediate the use of standardized language taxonomies, with the goal from a theoretical approach. It is concluded that the use of a MRS in clinical and community practice is fundamental, that it guides and guides the professional training and the way care is provided. Additionally, a nursing process articulated and coherent with the selected theory is proposed, making the present analysis a novel strategy of great utility for understanding and intervention in practice, taking into account that it starts from a context that involves school, family, home and person who, by collecting the information of the majority of the participants of the process, is allowed to understand and carry out the interventions.

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In this study, we investigated how bearing witness to clients' resilience processes during treatment impacts the personal and professional lives of counselors who work with child and youth victims of interpersonal trauma. We used a qualitative instrumental multiple-case study design and thematic analysis to explore the research question. The participants indicated that they experienced an increased sense of hope and optimism, and were inspired by the strengths of their clients while working with this population. As the participants reflected on the challenges that their clients faced, the participants put their own challenges and strengths into perspective; they reported positive changes in their personal relationships. We suggest that future research might investigate the relationships we found between optimism, hope, and vicarious resilience processes, as well as the potential relationship between the counseling approach that counselors adopt and the development of vicarious resilience responses.

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Objetivou-se descrever os significados do cuidado atribuídos por profissionais na atenção a crianças vítimas de maus tratos. Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva de natureza qualitativa, realizada com 14 profissionais em uma emergência pediátrica de hospital de Fortaleza, no período de março a junho de 2010, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Nos resultados, identificaram-se duas categorias: "sentimentos e sofrimento do profissional de saúde" e "limitações à prática profissional no cuidar de crianças violentadas". Dentre os sentimentos expressos, estava a compaixão em relação às crianças maltratadas, sendo esta um motivador profissional. Aqueles considerados negativos foram indignação e ira contra o agressor. Concluiu-se que o cuidar de crianças vítimas de violência constitui um desafio para os profissionais de saúde dos serviços de emergência, por envolver aspectos biopsicossociais que ultrapassam a lesão corporal propriamente dita e o universo hospitalar.

The aim of this study was to describe the significance of the care attributed by professionals in attending child victims of abuse. This descriptive study, using a qualitative approach, was developed with 14 professionals in the pediatric emergency unit of a hospital in Fortaleza, in the period between March and June of 2010, by means of semi-structured interviews. The results identified two categories: 'Feelings and suffering of the health professional' and 'Limitations of the professional practice in the care of abused children'. The emotions expressed included compassion towards abused children, which was a motivation for professionals. Negative feelings included rage and anger against the aggressor. In conclusion, the care of child victims of violence is a challenge for health professionals from emergency services, as it involves biopsychosocial aspects that go beyond the injury itself and the hospital universe.

Descripción de los significados atribuidos por profesionales de la salud en su práctica profesional con niños maltratados. Estudio descriptivo y cualitativo realizado con 14 profesionales de la salud de una sala de emergencia pediátrica en un hospital de Fortaleza, Brasil, entre marzo y junio de 2010, a través de una entrevista semiestructurada. Los resultados identificaron dos categorías: Los sentimientos y sufrimientos de los profesionales de la salud y las limitaciones a la práctica profesional en el cuidado de los niños maltratados. Entre los sentimientos expresados tomó la palabra sobre la compasión hacia los niños abusados, al ser un motivador profesional. Aquellos considerados negativos fueron rabia e ira contra el agresor. El tratamiento de niños maltratados es un desafío para los profesionales de la salud en los servicios de emergencia, ya que involucra aspectos biopsicosociales que van mucho más allá de las lesiones físicas y del entorno hospitalario.

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Se realizó una investigación descriptiva transversal con el objetivo de caracterizar el maltrato psicológico infantil en niños atendidos en consultas de Psicología del área de salud de Versalles, Matanzas, en el período comprendido entre el 1ro. de enero y el 31 de marzo del año 2012. El universo estuvo constituido por los 50 niños comprendidos en las edades de 7 y 11 años, 31 varones y 19 hembras que fueron atendidos en dicho periodo. Una vez obtenido el consentimiento informado del familiar para participar voluntariamente en el estudio y a fin de recopilar la información necesaria, se aplicó el cuestionario de maltrato psicológico Infantil, de Joaquín de Paúl Ochotorena, instrumento ya validado y que se ajustaba a los objetivos del trabajo. Se identificó maltrato psicológico en el 100 por ciento de los casos, habiendo prevalecido las manifestaciones de rechazo (86 por ciento), aislamiento (72 por ciento) y amenazas (68 por ciento). Se advirtió que el sexo masculino obtuvo valores superiores al femenino en todas las categorías. Se concluye que el maltrato psicológico infantil es un factor común para los niños con trastornos emocionales tratados en consulta de psicología, independientemente de su sexo y edad. Se recomienda desarrollar intervención educativa sobre maltrato infantil a padres de niños comprendidos en las edades de 7-11 años del área de salud y promover prácticas de trabajo en los profesionales que se ocupan de la salud mental infantil en la Atención Primaria de Salud, para la prevención, identificación y tratamiento de este fenómeno.

A cross-sectional descriptive research was carried out with the objective of characterizing the infantile psychological maltreatment in children attending the consultation of Psychology of Versalles health area, Matanzas, in the period covering form January 1st to March 31st 2012. The universe was made up by 50 children aged 7-11 years, 31 male and 19 female, who were attended in that period. Once the informed consent was obtained for the family members to voluntarily participate in the study and to collect the necessary information, we applied the infantile psychological maltreatment questionnaire of Joaquin de Paúl Ochotorena, an already validated instrument, adjusted to the work aims. The psychological maltreatment was identified in 100 percent of the cases, prevailing manifestations of rejection (86 percent), isolation (72 percent) and menacing (68 percent). We noticed that male gender showed higher values in all the categories. We concluded that infantile psychological maltreatment is a common factor for children with emotional disorders treated in psychology consultations, in spite of their gender and age. We recommend developing an educative intervention on infantile maltreatment in parents of the health area children aged 7-11 years and promoting working practices among professionals dealing with the infantile mental health in the Primary Health Care level, for preventing, identifying and treating this phenomenon.

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Objetivo: identificar y sintetizar la evidencia disponible sobre la efectividad de las intervenciones destinadas a la prevención universal, detección y tratamiento en situaciones de maltrato sufridas por infantes (0-4 años). Diseño: revisión panorámica (Scoping Review). Fuentes de Datos: MEDLINE, LILACS, PsycINFO, Psyclist, SciELO, ISI Web of Knowledge, Science Direct, EBSCO, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, DARE, Google Scholar y Base de la UNICEF. Métodos de la revisión: se utilizaron diversas palabras claves para identificar estudios cuantitativos experimentales y observacionales, que dieran cuenta de estrategias de detección, prevención y terapéuticas de las diversas situaciones de maltrato infantil. Se excluyó el abuso sexual. La cobertura temporal fue desde 2002 hasta 2012, en idioma inglés y español. Resultados: de 105 artículos seleccionados, 36 cumplieron con los criterios de selección. En el ámbito de la prevención del maltrato infantil las estrategias mejor evaluadas fueron los programas de habilidades de crianzas grupales, de enfoque cognitivo o cognitivo-conductual, con aprendizaje interactivo. Respecto de la detección se identificaron sólo dos instrumentos con especificidad y valor predictivo positivo óptimos. En el ámbito del tratamiento se identificaron diversas estrategias terapéuticas con efectos positivos en indicadores conductuales, funcionales y psicoafectivos. No queda clara la relevancia poblacional de las intervenciones, así como tampoco la efectividad diferencial entre las distintas aproximaciones terapéuticas. Conclusiones: a la fecha existen numerosas estrategias preventivas de maltrato infantil a nivel individual y familiar. Los instrumentos utilizados para la detección carecen de confiabilidad para ser usados a nivel colectivo. A nivel terapéutico no se cuenta con evidencia científica suficiente en calidad y cantidad como para privilegiar una intervención por sobre otra...

Purpose. To identify and synthesize the best available evidence on the effectiveness of interventions for universal prevention, detection and treatment of early childhood maltreatment (0-4 years). Design. Scoping Review. Data sources. MEDLINE, LILACS, PsycINFO, Psyclist, SciELO, ISI Web of Knowledge, Science Direct, EBSCO, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, DARE, Google Scholar and UNICEF Base. Methods. A variety of keywords were used to identify quantitative experimental and observational studies on detection, prevention and treatment strategies in different situations of child maltreatment. Sexual abuse was excluded. The search spanned from 2002 to 2012, in English and Spanish. Results. Of 105 articles, 36 met the selection criteria. In prevention, the best evaluated strategies were parenting programs based on cognitive or cognitive-behavioral approach and interactive learning strategies. In detection, only two instruments were identified with optimum specificity and positive predictive value. In treatment, a variety of treatment strategies were identified with favorable effects on behavioral, functional and psycho affective indicators. The population relevance of these interventions is unclear, as the differential effectiveness of these therapeutic approaches. Conclusions. There are many child maltreatment prevention strategies at the individual and family level. The instruments used for detection are not reliable for use at the collective level. Insofar as therapy, not enough evidence was found both in quality and quantity to favor one intervention over another. It is recommended to understand the problem from the public health perspective and to generate multisectoral and interdisciplinary approaches.

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