RESUMO
Saliva measurements serve as a noninvasive tool for clinically monitoring newborns (NB) and children, a vulnerable population with promising potential for both research and clinical practice. Saliva acts as a repository for various inflammatory biomarkers involved in diverse biological functions. Particularly for children, it offers numerous advantages when compared to plasma and urine sampling. Nevertheless, there is a significant knowledge gap regarding detectable levels of cytokines in the saliva of newborns and children, as well as studies aiming to assess the relationship of this content with physiological and pathological processes. OBJECTIVES: To characterize the levels of 11 inflammatory mediators (IFNg, IL1b, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL12, IL17, TNF, and VEGF) in saliva samples from NB on the first and second day of hospitalization in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). METHOD: Exploratory study, descriptive, nested within a primary clinical, observational, and prospective study, conducted in the NICU of a public hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Demographic data and vital signs were recorded in the clinical records of 90 NB, and five saliva samples from 5 NB were collected between the first and second day of life (D1-D2) at approximately 8-hr intervals (8-9 am, 4-5 pm, and 11-12 pm). Saliva samples were used for the measurement of 11 cytokines (IFNg, IL1b, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL12, IL17, TNF, and VEGF). RESULTS: Five NBs participated in this exploratory study, and the vital signs showed variability from the first (D1) to the second day (D2) of hospitalization, variability similar to that of the total population of the primary study. The presence and levels of the 11 cytokines were detected in the saliva samples, as well as a statistical correlation between 10 cytokines (IFNg, IL1b, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL10, IL12, IL17, TNF, and VEGF) and vital signs. CONCLUSIONS: The novelty of measuring inflammatory mediators in saliva samples from hospitalized NBs in the NICU is highlighted, providing support and new perspectives for the development of clinical and experimental research and an opportunity for developing and implementing new salivary biomarkers in different population segments.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Citocinas , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Saliva , Humanos , Saliva/química , Recém-Nascido , Biomarcadores/análise , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Masculino , Feminino , Citocinas/análise , Citocinas/metabolismo , Estudos Prospectivos , Brasil , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Mediadores da Inflamação/análise , HospitalizaçãoRESUMO
Jungia sellowii Less. (Asteraceae) is a native plant found in Southeast Brazil used traditionally to treat inflammatory diseases. This study was conducted (1) to investigate the toxicity of the crude extract (CE) and (2) to investigate the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory action of J. sellowii L. roots. The potential acute toxicity of CE was performed by administration of only different doses of CE (500, 1,000, and 2,000 i.p.) on mice for 14 days. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using carrageenan-induced acute pleural cavity inflammation in a mouse model, evaluated through the following inflammatory variables: leukocyte, protein concentrations of the exudate, myeloperoxidase (MPO), adenosine deaminase (ADA), nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), and proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin- (IL-) 6, and IL-12) levels in mouse pleural fluid leakage. The p65 protein phosphorylation of nuclear factor NF-kappa B (p65 NF-κB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) phosphorylation were analyzed in lung tissue. Our results demonstrated that the administration of CE up to 2,000 mg/kg did not present a toxic effect. In addition, the pretreatment of mice with CE; its derived fractions (aqueous fraction (AqF), butanol fraction (BuOHF), and ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAcF)); and isolated compounds (curcuhydroquinone O-ß-glucose (CUR) and α and ß piptizol (Pip)) reduced the following inflammatory variables: neutrophils, protein concentrations of the exudate, MPO, ADA, NOx, and proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-12) levels in mouse pleural fluid leakage. The compounds CUR and Pip also decreased the p65 protein phosphorylation of NF-kappa B and p38 (MAPK) in lung tissue. J. sellowii L. has important anti-inflammatory activity with potential applications in drug development against inflammatory disorders. These effects found can be attributed to the ability of the new isolated compounds CUR and Pip to suppress p65 NF-κB and p-p38 MAPK pathways.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Asteraceae , Mediadores da Inflamação/antagonistas & inibidores , NF-kappa B/antagonistas & inibidores , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/antagonistas & inibidores , Adenosina Desaminase/metabolismo , Animais , Asteraceae/química , Células Cultivadas , Regulação para Baixo , Feminino , Mediadores da Inflamação/análise , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
PURPOSE: The pathogenesis of persistent allergic rhinitis with chronic and refractory nasal obstruction is still unknown. Inflammation and tissue remodeling are known to play a role, but this has not been studied thoroughly. The purpose of this study is to identify the profile of gene expression of inflammatory and remodeling markers in nasal mucosa of patients with PAR and chronic obstruction. METHODS: After informed consent, we obtained nasal mucosa tissue from five aeroallergen-sensitized PAR patients undergoing anterior turbinectomy, and control non-sensitized individuals undergoing cerebrospinal fluid fistula repair or rhinoplasty. We assessed the expression of 34 genes related to inflammation and tissue remodeling using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to quantify each mRNA. RESULTS: IL-4 mRNA was upregulated in nasal mucosa of all five patients; CCR3, CCR8 and Eotaxin-2 were upregulated in four out of five patient samples; while IL-5 and IL-13 were upregulated in two of them. TGF-ß1 was not upregulated in PAR samples. mRNA from metalloproteinases MMP-7, MMP13 and MMP15 were upregulated in three out of five samples. Our results indicate a typical mRNA expression profile of the infiltrating inflammatory Th2 cells and eosinophils, combined with altered gene expression of remodeling-related proteins in stromal cells from the mucosa. CONCLUSION: Prolonged allergen challenge can lead to persistent upregulation of genes for inflammatory mediators such as IL-4 Th2/eosinophil cytokines, chemokines and receptors, which may play an important role in maintaining PAR with chronic nasal obstruction. Our findings may have therapeutic implications, including the use of anti-IL4, -CCR3 or -MMP therapy to ameliorate the condition.
Assuntos
Mediadores da Inflamação , Interleucina-4/análise , Metaloproteases/análise , Mucosa Nasal/imunologia , Obstrução Nasal , Receptores CCR3/análise , Rinite Alérgica/imunologia , Adulto , Biomarcadores/análise , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Mediadores da Inflamação/análise , Mediadores da Inflamação/classificação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obstrução Nasal/etiologia , Obstrução Nasal/imunologia , Rinite Alérgica/complicações , Rinite Alérgica/patologia , Tempo , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the intravitreal concentrations of cellular mediators involved in neurodegeneration, inflammation, and angiogenesis in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and other vitreoretinal diseases. Methods: A multiplex bead immunoassay was used to measure vitreous levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor, serum amyloid P, C-reactive protein, complement C4, alpha-1 antitrypsin, vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor-AA, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha and beta in patients undergoing 23-gauge vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy and other diagnoses (control group). Results: We evaluated 55 patients, of whom 24 had proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 31 had other diagnoses including vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, macular hole, and epiretinal membrane. Patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy demonstrated increased levels of serum amyloid P (85.49 vs. 31.38 ng/mL); C-reactive protein (59.89 vs. 41.75 ng/mL), vascular endothelial growth factor (2,330.11 vs. 554.25 pg/mL; p<0.001), platelet-derived growth factor A (127.32 vs. 39.11 pg/mL), platelet-derived growth factor B (29.37 vs. 7.12 pg/mL), interleukin-6 (69.37 vs. 33.58 pg/mL), interleukin-8 (175.25 vs. 59.71 pg/mL), and interleukin-10 (3.70 vs. 1.88 pg/mL); all p<0.004 when compared with the control group. Levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor (30.06 vs. 27.48 ng/mL; p=0.295), complement C4 (570.78 vs. 366.24 ng/mL; p=0.069), and alpha-1-antitrypsin (359.27 vs. 522.44 ng/mL; p=0.264) were not significantly different between the groups. Intravitreal levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and tumor necrosis factor-beta were undetectable. Serum Amyloid P, C-reactive protein, platelet-derived growth factor A, platelet-derived growth factor B, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 were correlated positively with vascular endothelial growth factor. Conclusions: Cellular mediators involved in neurodegeneration and inflammation demonstrated increased levels in the vitreous humor of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and may be part of the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.
RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar as concentrações intravítreas de mediadores celulares envolvidos na neurodegeneração, inflamação e angiogênese em pacientes com retinopatia diabética proliferativa e outras doenças vítreo-retinianas. Métodos: Um ensaio imunomagnético foi utilizado para medir os níveis vítreos do fator derivado do epitélio pigmentar, amilóide P sérico, proteína-C-reativa, complemento C4, e alfa-1-antitripsina, fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular, fator de crescimento derivado das plaquetas AA, fator de crescimento derivado das plaquetas BB, interleucina-6, interleucina-8, interleucina-10, fator de necrose tumoral alfa e beta em pacientes submetidos à vitrectomia 23-gauge para retinopatia diabética proliferativa ou outros diagnósticos (grupo controle). Resultados: Foram avaliados 55 pacientes, dos quais 24 tinham retinopatia diabética proliferativa e 31 tinham outros diagnósticos, incluindo hemorragia vítrea, descolamento de retina, buraco macular e membrana epirretiniana. Pacientes com retinopatia diabética proliferativa demonstraram níveis aumentados de amilóide P sérico (85,49 vs 31,38 ng/mL), proteína-C-reativa (59,89 vs 41,75 ng/mL), fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular (2.330,11 vs 554,25 pg/mL, p<0.001), fator de crescimento derivado das plaquetas-A: (127,32 vs 39,11 pg/mL), fator de crescimento derivado das plaquetas-B (29,37 vs 7,12 pg/mL), interleucina-6 (69,37 vs 33,58 pg/mL), interleucina-8 (175,25 vs 59,71 pg/mL) e interleucina-10 (3,70 vs 1,88 pg/mL), todos com p<0,004 quando comparados ao grupo controle. Níveis de fator derivado do epitélio pigmentar (30,06 vs 27,48 ng/mL; p=0,295), complemento C4 (570,78 vs 366,24 ng/mL; p=0,069), alfa-1 antitripsina (359,27 vs 522,44 ng/mL; p=0,264) não foram significativamente diferente entre os grupos. Níveis intravítreos de fator de necrose tumoral alfa e fator de necrose tumoral beta foram indetectáveis. O amilóide P sérico, a proteína C-reativa, o fator de crescimento derivado das plaquetas A e B, a interleucina-6 e a interleucina-8 correlacionaram-se positivamente com o fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular. Conclusões: Os medidores celulares envolvidos na neurodegeneração e inflamação demonstraram níveis aumentados no humor vítreo de pacientes com retinopatia diabética proliferativa e podem ser parte da patogênese da retinopatia diabética.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Degeneração Retiniana/patologia , Corpo Vítreo/patologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/análise , Retinopatia Diabética/patologia , Valores de Referência , Vitrectomia , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Fator de Crescimento Derivado de Plaquetas/análise , Componente Amiloide P Sérico/análise , Serpinas/análise , Estudos Transversais , Interleucinas/análise , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/análise , Retinopatia Diabética/cirurgia , Proteínas do Olho/análise , Fatores de Crescimento Neural/análiseRESUMO
PURPOSE: To compare the intravitreal concentrations of cellular mediators involved in neurodegeneration, inflammation, and angiogenesis in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and other vitreoretinal diseases. METHODS: A multiplex bead immunoassay was used to measure vitreous levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor, serum amyloid P, C-reactive protein, complement C4, alpha-1 antitrypsin, vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor-AA, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha and beta in patients undergoing 23-gauge vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy and other diagnoses (control group). RESULTS: We evaluated 55 patients, of whom 24 had proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 31 had other diagnoses including vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, macular hole, and epiretinal membrane. Patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy demonstrated increased levels of serum amyloid P (85.49 vs. 31.38 ng/mL); C-reactive protein (59.89 vs. 41.75 ng/mL), vascular endothelial growth factor (2,330.11 vs. 554.25 pg/mL; p<0.001), platelet-derived growth factor A (127.32 vs. 39.11 pg/mL), platelet-derived growth factor B (29.37 vs. 7.12 pg/mL), interleukin-6 (69.37 vs. 33.58 pg/mL), interleukin-8 (175.25 vs. 59.71 pg/mL), and interleukin-10 (3.70 vs. 1.88 pg/mL); all p<0.004 when compared with the control group. Levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor (30.06 vs. 27.48 ng/mL; p=0.295), complement C4 (570.78 vs. 366.24 ng/mL; p=0.069), and alpha-1-antitrypsin (359.27 vs. 522.44 ng/mL; p=0.264) were not significantly different between the groups. Intravitreal levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and tumor necrosis factor-beta were undetectable. Serum Amyloid P, C-reactive protein, platelet-derived growth factor A, platelet-derived growth factor B, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 were correlated positively with vascular endothelial growth factor. CONCLUSIONS: Cellular mediators involved in neurodegeneration and inflammation demonstrated increased levels in the vitreous humor of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and may be part of the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.
Assuntos
Retinopatia Diabética/patologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/análise , Degeneração Retiniana/patologia , Corpo Vítreo/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Estudos Transversais , Retinopatia Diabética/cirurgia , Proteínas do Olho/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Interleucinas/análise , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Crescimento Neural/análise , Fator de Crescimento Derivado de Plaquetas/análise , Valores de Referência , Serpinas/análise , Componente Amiloide P Sérico/análise , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/análise , VitrectomiaRESUMO
The chronic inflammatory process underlying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, derives from the interplay of several components in a genetically susceptible host. These components include environmental elements and gut microbiota a dysbiosis. For decades, immune abnormalities have been investigated as critically important in IBD pathogenesis, and attempts to develop effective therapies have predominantly targeted the immune system. Nevertheless, immune events represent only one of the constituents contributing to IBD pathogenesis within the context of the complex cellular and molecular network underlying chronic intestinal inflammation. These factors need to be appreciated within the milieu of non-immune components. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are essentially endogenous stress proteins expressed or released as a result of cell or tissue damage, have been shown to act as direct pro-inflammatory mediators. Excessive or persistent signalling mediated by such molecules can underlie several chronic inflammatory disorders, including IBD. The release of endogenous DAMPs amplifies the inflammatory response driven by immune and non-immune cells and promotes epigenetic reprogramming in IBD. The effects determine pathologic changes, which may sustain chronic intestinal inflammation and also underlie specific disease phenotypes. In addition to highlighting the potential use of DAMPs such as calprotectin as biomarkers, research on DAMPs may reveal novel mechanistic associations in IBD pathogenesis and is expected to uncover putative therapeutic targets.
Assuntos
Colite Ulcerativa/patologia , Doença de Crohn/patologia , Disbiose/patologia , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/análise , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Reprogramação Celular/genética , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Colite Ulcerativa/imunologia , Colite Ulcerativa/microbiologia , Doença de Crohn/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Crohn/imunologia , Doença de Crohn/microbiologia , Disbiose/genética , Disbiose/imunologia , Disbiose/microbiologia , Epigênese Genética , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/farmacologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/imunologia , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Mediadores da Inflamação/análise , Mediadores da Inflamação/antagonistas & inibidores , Mucosa Intestinal/citologia , Mucosa Intestinal/imunologia , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiologia , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Complexo Antígeno L1 Leucocitário/análise , Complexo Antígeno L1 Leucocitário/metabolismo , Terapia de Alvo Molecular/métodosRESUMO
The link between maternal obesity and inflammatory mediators is still unclear. Our aim was to summarize the main findings of recently published studies on this topic. We performed a search in Medline for studies published in the last years on obesity, human pregnancy, and inflammatory mediators. We report the findings of 30 studies. The characteristics and number of participants, study design, gestational age at sample collection, and type of sample varied widely. Approximately two-thirds of them investigated more than one mediator, and 50% included participants in only one trimester of pregnancy. The most frequently investigated mediators were leptin, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-6. Almost all studies reported an association between maternal obesity, leptin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels but not with IL-1ß and IL-10. The association of IL-6, TNF-α, monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1), adiponectin, and resistin with maternal obesity is still controversial. To clarify the physiopathological link between maternal obesity and inflammation, more high-quality studies are needed.
Assuntos
Mediadores da Inflamação/análise , Inflamação/complicações , Obesidade/complicações , Complicações na Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , GravidezRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Prostate is highly affected by aging, which lead to inflammatory disorders that can predispose to cancer development. Chemoprevention has emerged as a new therapeutic approach, intensifying studies evaluating the biological properties of new compounds. The aim of this study was to characterize the inflammatory responses in the prostate ventral lobe from senile mice treated with Goniothalamin (GTN), a promising natural compound with anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties. Its activity was compared to Celecoxib, an established nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). METHODS: The animals were divided into: Control groups; Young (18-week-old FVB), Senile (52-week-old FVB). Treated groups: Senile-Goniothalamin (150 mg/kg orally), Senile-Celecoxib (10 mg/kg orally). The ventral lobe was collected after 4 weeks for light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and Western blotting analysis. RESULTS: Both treatments were efficient in controlling the inflammatory process in the prostate from senile mice, maintaining the glandular morphology integrity. GTN reduced all inflammatory mediators evaluated (TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS) and different from Celecoxib, it also decreased the protein levels of NF-kB and p-NF-kB. CONCLUSIONS: Finally, GTN and Celecoxib controlled inflammation in the prostate, and sensitized the senescent microenvironment to anti-inflammatory stimuli. Thus, both treatments are indicated as potential drugs in the prostatic diseases prevention during senescence. Prostate 77:838-848, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Celecoxib/farmacologia , Inflamação , Próstata , Neoplasias da Próstata , Pironas/farmacocinética , Envelhecimento/patologia , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Quimioprevenção/métodos , Monitoramento de Medicamentos/métodos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/metabolismo , Mediadores da Inflamação/análise , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Próstata/efeitos dos fármacos , Próstata/metabolismo , Próstata/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Próstata/prevenção & controle , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Systemic reactions are related to the pathogenesis of Aspirin Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (AERD). With this work we wanted to study the changes in the systemic levels of inflammatory mediators in both baseline and after oral aspirin challenge in patients with and without AERD. METHODS: Patients with nasal polyposis and asthma with AERD (n=20) and without (n=18) were orally challenged with aspirin in a single-blind placebo controlled study. Serum samples and urine were collected before and 6h after placebo and aspirin oral challenges. Serum levels of inflammatory mediators were assayed by using the Luminex technology and ELISA. The concentrations of 9-alpha, 11-beta prostaglandin F2, and leukotriene E4 (uLTE4) were measured in urine samples by ELISA. The expression of T-cell surface markers was analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated before and after the challenges. RESULTS: AERD patients showed significantly higher baseline levels of s-IL-5R-alpha, uLTE4 and percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(pos) and CD4(+)CD45RA(-)CD45RO(+) but decreased levels of TGF-ß1 and number of CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(neg) cells. Aspirin challenge induced the release of uLTE4, IL-6 and increased the number of CD4(+)CD45RA(-)CD45RO(+) memory T-cells only in AERD patients but failed to reduce the levels of sCD40L as observed in non-AERD subjects. Further, IL-8 and sIL-5R-alpha levels directly correlated with the PD20ASA and the effects of aspirin on IL-6 and number of memory T-cells was more pronounced in subjects showing more strong reaction (bronchial and nasal). CONCLUSIONS: AERD patients have a differential baseline inflammatory pattern that supports the role inflammation as underlying mechanism of the disease. Systemic response to oral aspirin challenge was related to an increase in serum IL-6 and the number of circulating memory T-cells in AERD patients.
Assuntos
Asma Induzida por Aspirina/metabolismo , Mediadores da Inflamação/análise , Pólipos Nasais/metabolismo , Rinite/metabolismo , Sinusite/metabolismo , Adulto , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/efeitos adversos , Aspirina/administração & dosagem , Aspirina/efeitos adversos , Asma Induzida por Aspirina/diagnóstico , Asma Induzida por Aspirina/etiologia , Doença Crônica , Citocinas/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Mediadores da Inflamação/sangue , Mediadores da Inflamação/urina , Leucotrieno E4/urina , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prostaglandina D2/urina , Método Simples-Cego , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/metabolismoRESUMO
Objetivos: A periodontite aumenta o risco das doenças cardiovasculares ateroscleróticas (DCA) e ambas doenças apresentam mecanismos fisiopatológicos semelhantes. A disfunção endotelial (DE) é um parâmetro precoce das DCA e sua associação com a periodontite foi pouco investigada até o presente momento. Neste contexto o objetivo geral deste estudo foi avaliar a associação entre a periodontite e a disfunção endotelial por meio de parâmetros clínicos periodontais e a presença dos marcadores inflamatórios IL-1ß, TNF-α, MMP2/TIMP2 e óxido nítrico. Métodos: A amostra foi constituída por 47 indivíduos de ambos os gêneros, sem alterações sistêmicas conhecidas, divididos em dois grupos: um grupo com 24 indivíduos com periodontite crônica e outro com 23 indivíduos sem periodontite crônica. Foram realizados exames periodontais de sangramento a sondagem (SS), profundidade de sondagem (PS), nível de inserção clínica (NIC) e avaliada a DE por meio da dilatação mediada por fluxo (DMF) da artéria braquial. A concentração dos mediadores inflamatórios IL-1ß, TNF-α, MMP2/TIMP2 foi avaliada pelo método ELISA e o óxido nítrico (ON) pela reação de Griess na saliva. Resultados: Os indivíduos com periodontite apresentaram significativamente maior DE quando comparados com indivíduos sem periodontite (p= 0,034 após hiperemia reativa e p= 0,049 após nitrato sublingual). Em relação aos mediadores inflamatórios avaliados, houve uma associação significativa entre a produção de MMP2/TIMP2 com a presença de periodontite (p=0,008) além de uma correlação positiva com todos parâmetros clínicos de gravidade da inflamação periodontal avaliados (PS, NIC, SS). Para os demais marcadores (IL-1ß, TNF-α e ON) os grupos com e sem periodontite apresentaram resultados similares. Foi identificada também uma correlação positiva significativa entre a produção de ON e uma menor DE (após hiperemia reativa p= 0,027 e após nitrato sublingual p=0,016). . Conclusão: Indivíduos com periodontite apresentaram maior DE, expressa por menor % de DMF da artéria braquial e maiores níveis de MMP2/TIMP2 que indivíduos sem periodontite. O ON foi significativamente associado com uma menor DE
Background: The periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ACD) are chronic diseases which have a large number of risk factors and inflammatory mediators in common. The ACD has endothelial dysfunction (ED) with an important role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. However, few investigations were conducted on a possible association between periodontitis and higher ED. In this context the general aim of this study is to evaluate the association between the endothelial function and the periodontitis using periodontal clinical parameters and the presence of inflammatory markers IL-1ß, TNF-α, MMP2 and nitric oxide. Methods: This study consisted of 47 subjects of both genders, systemically healthy divided into two groups: a group with 24 subjects with chronic periodontitis and another with 23 subjects without chronic periodontitis. Were done complete periodontal examination and evaluated ED by the flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery and measured the levels of systemic inflammation mediators IL1ß, TNF-α, MMP2 and the nitric oxide (NO) in the saliva. Results: The subjects with periodontitis showed % DMF significantly worse when compared with subjects without periodontitis (p= 0.034 after reactive hyperemia and p= 0.049 after sublingual nitrate), thus subjects with periodontitis showed significantly higher ED. In relation to inflammatory mediators evaluated, there was a significant association between MMP2 with the presence of periodontitis (p=0.008) and a positive correlation with all clinical parameters of periodontal variation. For the other markers (IL-1ß, TNF-α, and nitric oxide) the groups with and without periodontitis showed similar results. It was also identified a significant positive correlation between the nitric oxide and a better endothelial function. Conclusion: subjects with periodontitis showed higher ED, expressed by smaller % of DMF brachial artery and higher levels of MMP2 that subjects without periodontitis