RESUMO
Introducción: la evaluación y acreditación de la calidad en la formación de las especialidades médicas en Cuba, conceptualiza el monitoreo del impacto como el proceso dirigido a evaluar la correspondencia entre los objetivos del programa y los resultados alcanzados por sus participantes en el entorno social donde se desarrollan profesionalmente. Objetivo: aplicar la metodología diseñada para el monitoreo del impacto en la formación de las especialidades médicas en el Programa de Medicina Intensiva y Emergencias. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio de corte pedagógico donde se aplicó la metodología diseñada en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas, para monitorear el impacto en la formación de la especialidad de Medicina Intensiva y Emergencias, desarrollado en el Hospital Universitario Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández. Participaron 6 egresados, 11 profesores, 8 tutores y 4 directivos de la última edición concluida (octubre de 2016 a noviembre de 2019). Resultados: se observó un alto impacto en la institución y mediano en el individuo, con contraste entre el diagnóstico inicial y durante la formación: de excelencia en el 100 % de los residentes, pero un diagnóstico final con 33,3 % excelente y 66,6 % bien. No se evaluó la etapa de transferencia o impacto en la sociedad, por el corto de tiempo de experiencia laboral de los egresados. Conclusiones:la metodología aplicada permitió conocer un mediano impacto en la formación de los egresados de Medicina Intensiva y Emergencias, por contrastación entre el diagnóstico inicial y durante la formación, de excelente con un diagnóstico final de bien (AU).
Introduction: the evaluation of the quality in the formation of the medical specialties in Cuba, conceptualize the monitored of the impact like the process directed to evaluate the correspondence among the objectives of the program and the results reached by their participants in the social environment where they are developed professionally, guaranteeing the relevancy of the program. Objective: to apply the methodology designed for the monitored of the impact in the formation of the medical specialties in the program of intensive Medicine and emergencies. Materials and methods: carried out a study of pedagogic court where the methodology was applied designed in the Medical University of Matanzas, for the monitored of the impact in the formation of the specialty of intensive Medicine and emergencies, developed in the university hospital "Faustino Pérez Hernández." They participated six graduate, four directives, 11 professors and tutors of the last concluded edition, from October of the 2016 to November of the one 2019. Results: a high impact was observed in the institution and medium in the individual, with a contrast among the initial diagnosis and during for formation of excellence in 100% of the residents, with a final diagnosis of 33,3% excellent and 66,6% well. It was not evaluated the transfer stage or impact in the society, for the short of time of labor experience of the graduate. Conclusions: the applied methodology allowed to know the medium impact in the formation of graduate in Intensive Medicine and Emergencies in Matanzas, for a contrast among the initial diagnosis and during the formation of excellent with the final diagnosis of well (AU).
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Medicina de Emergência/educação , Capacitação Profissional , Medicina/tendências , Educação de Pós-Graduação em Medicina/métodos , Educação de Pós-Graduação em Medicina/tendências , Medicina de Emergência/tendências , Indicadores de Impacto Social , Medicina/normas , Medicina/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
RESUMEN La evaluación en la formación surgió en el siglo XVII, buscando dar juicios de valor a las acciones y actitudes de los estudiantes, a la determinación sistemática del mérito, valor y significado del aspecto a evaluar en función de criterios y normas establecidas en aquella época. Su evolución desde lo conceptual y lo procesual tuvo la influencia de los paradigmas investigativos. Muchos han sido los modelos propuestos en el ámbito internacional para perfeccionar el proceso de evaluación de la calidad en la educación. Actualmente, se asocia el término "evaluación" con el término "impacto", usado con frecuencia como expresión del efecto de una acción determinada, con cambios o transformaciones generadas en las personas, organizaciones, procesos o productos. En Cuba, este proceso ha tenido diferentes etapas, pero no es hasta el siglo XXI que comienza a implementarse en el Sistema Universitario de Programas de Acreditación, actual Sistema de Evaluación y Acreditación de la Educación Superior, con el objetivo de lograr una mejora continua en la formación, acorde a los principios y exigencias de la sociedad socialista. Dentro del mismo, el Sistema de Evaluación y Acreditación de Especialidades de Posgrado desempeña un papel fundamental en el desarrollo de dicha figura del posgrado, teniendo una repercusión notable en el desarrollo de las ciencias médicas. Este artículo expone la evolución histórica de la evaluación de la calidad y su impacto en el proceso de formación de especialidades médicas en el país, como referente para futuras investigaciones (AU).
ABSTRACT Training assessment emerged in the 17 century, in search for giving value judgment to the students' actions and behavior, for systematic determining the worth, value and significance of the aspect to assess according to criteria and norms established at that time. Its evolution, from the point of view of the conceptual and process, received the influence of research paradigms. Many models have been proposed around the world to improve the process of quality assessing in the educational field. Currently, the term 'assessment' is associated to the term 'impact', frequently used as an expression of a determinate action's effect on changes or transformations in people, organizations, processes or products. This process has had different stages in Cuba, but only in the 21 century, the University System of Accreditation Programs (SUPRA by its acronym in Spanish) -currently known as Accreditation and Assessment System of High Education (SEAES by its acronym in Spanish)- has begun to be implemented, with the objective of achieving a better continuous training, according to the principles and demands of the socialist society. Among it, the Accreditation and Assessment System of Post-grade Specialties (SEA-EP by its acronym in Spanish), play an important role in the development of the post-grade figure, having a remarkable repercussion in the medical sciences. This article exposes the historical evolution of the quality assessment and its impact in the medical sciences training process in the country as a referent for subsequent researches (AU).
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Avaliação do Impacto na Saúde/história , Medicina/tendências , Cuba , Educação Médica/história , Educação Médica/tendências , Capacitação Profissional , Avaliação do Impacto na Saúde/tendênciasRESUMO
One of the biggest challenges of utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine is that physicians are reluctant to trust and adopt something that they do not fully understand and regarded as a "black box." Machine Learning (ML) can assist in reading radiological, endoscopic and histological pictures, suggesting diagnosis and predict disease outcome, and even recommending therapy and surgical decisions. However, clinical adoption of these AI tools has been slow because of a lack of trust. Besides clinician's doubt, patients lacking confidence with AI-powered technologies also hamper development. While they may accept the reality that human errors can occur, little tolerance of machine error is anticipated. In order to implement AI medicine successfully, interpretability of ML algorithm needs to improve. Opening the black box in AI medicine needs to take a stepwise approach. Small steps of biological explanation and clinical experience in ML algorithm can help to build trust and acceptance. AI software developers will have to clearly demonstrate that when the ML technologies are integrated into the clinical decision-making process, they can actually help to improve clinical outcome. Enhancing interpretability of ML algorithm is a crucial step in adopting AI in medicine.
Assuntos
Inteligência Artificial , Medicina/métodos , Medicina/tendências , Algoritmos , Tomada de Decisão Clínica , Humanos , Aprendizado de MáquinaRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: la acreditación en las especialidades de posgrado es la expresión de la calidad de un programa educativo. Establece entre sus procedimientos la autoevaluación de los propios ejecutores del programa y la evaluación externa, con vistas a la acreditación. Objetivo: describir según el patrón de calidad de El Sistema de Evaluación y Acreditación de las Especialidades de Posgrado, el comportamiento del proceso de evaluación externa para la acreditación de las especialidades médicas en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas, en el 2018-2019. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio de carácter exploratorio descriptivo, predominantemente cualitativo para describir el comportamiento de la evaluación externa de los programas de Formación de las Especialidades Médicas en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos como el análitico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo e histórico-lógico; así como empíricos y el de revisión documental. Resultados: se constató insuficiencias relacionadas con la obtención de grados científicos, bajo índice de publicaciones del claustro, insuficiente publicación de los resultados científicos de los estudiantes. Se evidenció que los indicadores evaluados se aproximan a los estándares establecidos por la metodología empleada. Conclusiones: durante el proceso de autoevaluación se identificaron fortalezas y debilidades de la universidad, para enfrentar el proceso de acreditación de las especialidades de posgrado. La elaboración del plan de mejora y su control suelen ser las vías idóneas para asegurar la gestión de la calidad y el resultado final obtenido (AU).
ABSTRACT Introduction: the accreditation of postgraduate specialties is the expression of quality of an educative program. Among its procedures, it establishes the auto-evaluation by the proper program executors and the external evaluation with a view to accreditation. Objective: to describe, according to the quality pattern on The System of Evaluation and Accreditation of Postgraduate Specialties, the behavior of the external evaluation process for the accreditation of medical specialties in the University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas, in 2018-2019. Materials and methods: a descriptive exploratory, predominantly qualitative study to describe the behavior of the external evaluation of the programs of Training Medical Specialties in the University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas. The used theoretical methods were the analytic-synthetic one, the inductive-deductive, and the historical-logical; empiric methods and documental reviewing were also used. Results: Insufficiencies were found related to obtaining scientific degrees, low publication rates of the training staff and poor publication of the students' scientific results. It was evidenced that the evaluated indicators were close to the standards set up for the used methodology. Conclusions: several strengths and weaknesses of the university to affront the accreditation process of the postgraduate specialties were found during the process of auto evaluation. The elaboration of the improvement plan and its control are usually the suitable ways to achieve the quality management and the final result (AU).
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Universidades/normas , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde/métodos , Medicina/tendências , Estudantes , Educação de Pós-Graduação em Medicina , Domínios Científicos , Acreditação de Programas , DocentesRESUMO
The purpose of this article is to analyze the possibilities that the hegemonic medical model will continue to prevail in the future or if significant changes will take place. The discussion will take as a starting point the characteristics and current functions of the hegemonic medical model, and reexamine them through a look at advancements in artificial intelligence, genetic research, and robotics in health-illness-care-prevention processes. The analysis takes on issues such as possible increases in life expectancy, what is needed to "cure old age," as well as processes that are modifying the doctor-patient relationship. It is concluded that although significant changes are taking place, the characteristics and functions of the hegemonic medical model remain unmoved.
El objetivo de este texto es analizar la posibilidad futura de que el modelo médico hegemónico siga perpetuándose o se generen cambios significativos. Para ello, se parte de las características y funciones actuales del modelo médico hegemónico y se las observa a través de algunos de los aportes de la inteligencia artificial, de las investigaciones genéticas y de la robótica, referidas a procesos de salud-enfermedad-atención-prevención, entre los que se analizan las posibilidades de fuertes incrementos en la esperanza de vida, las necesidades de "curar la senectud", así como los procesos que están modificando la relación médico-paciente, llegando a la conclusión de que si bien se observan algunas modificaciones sustantivas, las características y funciones del modelo médico hegemónico siguen siendo las mismas.
Assuntos
Medicina/tendências , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Inteligência Artificial , Atenção à Saúde , Previsões , Pesquisa em Genética , Humanos , Expectativa de Vida , Longevidade , Relações Médico-Paciente , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/tendências , Robótica , Seleção Genética , SexualidadeRESUMO
RESUMEN El objetivo de este texto es analizar la posibilidad futura de que el modelo médico hegemónico siga perpetuándose o se generen cambios significativos. Para ello, se parte de las características y funciones actuales del modelo médico hegemónico y se las observa a través de algunos de los aportes de la inteligencia artificial, de las investigaciones genéticas y de la robótica, referidas a procesos de salud-enfermedad-atención-prevención, entre los que se analizan las posibilidades de fuertes incrementos en la esperanza de vida, las necesidades de "curar la senectud", así como los procesos que están modificando la relación médico-paciente, llegando a la conclusión de que si bien se observan algunas modificaciones sustantivas, las características y funciones del modelo médico hegemónico siguen siendo las mismas.
ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to analyze the possibilities that the hegemonic medical model will continue to prevail in the future or if significant changes will take place. The discussion will take as a starting point the characteristics and current functions of the hegemonic medical model, and reexamine them through a look at advancements in artificial intelligence, genetic research, and robotics in health-illness-care-prevention processes. The analysis takes on issues such as possible increases in life expectancy, what is needed to "cure old age," as well as processes that are modifying the doctor-patient relationship. It is concluded that although significant changes are taking place, the characteristics and functions of the hegemonic medical model remain unmoved.
Assuntos
Humanos , Medicina/tendências , Relações Médico-Paciente , Seleção Genética , Robótica , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Inteligência Artificial , Expectativa de Vida , Sexualidade , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/tendências , Atenção à Saúde , Pesquisa em Genética , Previsões , LongevidadeRESUMO
El autor desarrolla y reflexiona sobre el uso de Internet como fuente de información médica, analizando los beneficios y potenciales perjuicios de este nuevo escenario de práctica médica al que nos enfrentamos los profesionales de la salud. (AU)
The author develops and reflects on the use of the Internet as a source of medical information, analyzing the benefits and potential harms of this new setting of medical practice that we face as health professionals. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Tecnologia da Informação/tendências , Acesso à Internet/tendências , Medicina/tendências , Relações Médico-Paciente , Tecnologia Biomédica/tendênciasRESUMO
The introduction of digital technology in Medicine has brought enormous diagnostic and therapeutic advances but also has impacted the practitioner's welfare and important aspects of practice such as patient-physician relations. It has been alarming the increasing reports of physicians and nurse's burnout and associated mental disturbances such as depression and suicidal ideation. Increasing administrative burden brought to the practitioners by the need to document by digital technology patients' encounters has reduced the time of patient-physician relation and substituted by a longer time spend by the provider interacting with a computer. This represents probably one of the major causes of frustration and burnout consequences among health providers, as reported by a recent National Academy of Medicine review, a Mayo Clinic Proceedings study published in 2019, several recent Medscapes physicians surveys and by a panel discussion in the 2018 European Congress of Cardiology among many other publications. Many factors are indeed at play in this complex scenario such as government, payers, hospital facilities rules and regulations, and the way to modify them to create a more provider friendly environment may be long and difficult. Nevertheless, a first step to be considered is to reduce the administrative burden of the providers to free more time for them with their patients The future role of using diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms, some of them already available, to develop platforms of patient management with a reduced or minimal medical provider force is still uncertain and likely subject to controversial value and ethical considerations.