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Este trabalho visou a criação do primeiro Manual de Medicina Narrativa em Oncologia, para preencher uma lacuna existente na formação médica e na educação continuada, afim de dar os primeiros ensinamentos, aos que pretendem se introduzir nesta disciplina; foram convidados experts inseridos na oncologia, na literatura e nas artes, que colocaram a sua experiência de forma técnica mas parazerosa nos capitulos. No momento não há no Brasil nenhum manual para a introdução de profissionais da Oncologia à Medicina Narrativa, apesar da Medicina Narrativa existir de fato desde 2001, e as evidências da Oncologia Narrativa desde 2003 nos Estados Unidos da América. No manual é apresentado ao leitor a Medicina Narrativa, sua relação com a Biblioterapia, com Comunicação Eficiente, com a Navegação Oncológica, com a Arte em Saúde, com a Experiência da Profissional Paciente, com a Educação no Paciente com Câncer, com os Cuidados Paliativos e com a Oncologia Pediátrica, de maneira técnica, mas ao mesmo tempo simples e prazerosa. No último capítulo há o convite para um minicurso, através de conteúdos selecionados, textos, livros, pinturas, filmes e vídeos para despertar o leitor para a as artes, uma imersão autorreflexiva, de autodesenvolvimento, e ao final é apresentado um anexo com uma que convida o leitor a uma autorrevisão dos capítulos, estimulando a escrita e a memória. Consideramos que a Oncologia Narrativa será uma área de grande crescimento, haja vista as evidências da contribuição desta para o ecossistema: paciente, familiares, comunidade, médicos, profissionais da saúde, prestadores, operadoras de saúde e Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O Manual pretende o substrato para esta transformação como uma ferramenta de auto desenvolvimento e de introdução a pratica autoreflexiva. Bem vindo a Oncolologia Narrativa.

This work aimed at creating a Manual of Narrative Medicine in Oncology, which seeks to fill an existing gap in medical training and continuing education,in order to give the first lessons to those who intend to introduce themselves to this technique and discipline; here we will share the experience of protagonist in the journey of a Cancer Center.At the moment there is no manual in this sense aimed at specifically introducing cancer center professionals in Brazil to Narrative Medicine despite its emergence in American oncology since 2003 through the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) from interviews in the PRO Narrative Oncology section with poems and works of art, and the Journal of Clinical Oncology with the Art of Oncology section dedicated to personal essays, and also with the journal Practical Radiation Oncology which had a section on Narrative Oncology which in 2012 brought together oncology leaders and makes the special publication Narratives in Oncology, always remembering that the landmark of narrative medicine is Rita Charon's 2001 publication(The patient-physician relationship. Narrative medicine: A model for empathy, reflection, profession, and trust. JAMA, v.286, n. 15, p.1897-902, 2001).In Brazil, more precisely in the state of São Paulo, there is a course dedicated only to Narrative Medicine, with no precise relation to oncology, in the extension area at Escola Paulista de Medicina ­ Universidade Federal de São Paulo, and a discipline at the University of São Paulo , the first called Narrativas em Saúde ­ Multiprofessional and interdisciplinary Extension Project that works with Narrative Medicine, with a monthly meeting and some work projects with patients and the community, and Neuro-narrative and Neuro-discourse, linked to the Neuro-discourse Sector. Humanities of the Discipline of Neurology, which gives notions of neuroscience regarding cognition, allow associating narrative activity and its correlations with the improvement of the cognitive abilities of both the professional and the patient; the second at the University of São Paulo at the Faculty of Philosophy, Letters and Human Sciences, in the Literature, Narrative and Medicine Study and Research Group, which aims to analyze and interpret different types of narrative. We believe that Narrative Oncology will be an area of great growth, given the evidence of its contribution to the ecosystem: patient, family, community, physicians, health professionals, providers, health insurance companies and the Unified Health System (SUS).

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This work is a bibliographical review of the challenges of professionalism in medical training. Medicine practiced with narrative competence, called narrative medicine, is proposed as a model for humane and effective medical practice. By virtue of the changes in the practice of medicine during the last years, professionalism values emerge as qualities that should reshape medicine. Several medical associations are redefining professionalism and insist that this issue should be included in the training curriculum. Thus, several medical education institutions are pursuing strategies to teach and assess professionalism. Modeling is still relevant as a learning strategy, but it must be tutored and directed. Also, timely and formative feedback appears as the most frequently suggested evaluative action. Both processes incorporate a personal reflective practice. Several recent studies suggest that a reflective experience is relevant for the formation of a professional identity. Narrative Medicine methodology emerges as an innovative strategy to address this issue, as it seeks to deliver valuable learning experiences to the students through reflection and the search for a new paradigm for medical practice.

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Romper com o modelo biomédico é necessário, e o ponto inicial pode vir com a compreensão da narrativa do usuário ou da usuária. Este estudo buscou avaliar a compreensão de estudantes de medicina das narrativas de adoecimento, utilizando a entrevista McGillIllness Narrative Interview (MINI). Trata-se de estudo exploratório, descritivo e qualitativo, realizado durante cinco semanas com 11 estudantes do quinto ano de uma universidade privada, no internato de Medicina de Família e Comunidade, que prestavam atendimento a 29 pessoas usuárias de unidades de saúde. Por meio de encontros individuais on-line, foram levantadas questões sobre essa experiência. Os relatos foram inseridos em núcleos argumentais, o que possibilitou o estabelecimento de relações com o referencial teórico da Medicina Narrativa, da Antropologia Médica e da Clínica Ampliada. Para os alunos e alunas houve uma nova experiência de entrevista clínica, uma valorização da narrativa e o desejo de incorporar uma abordagem mais ampliada à sua prática, embora não contemplem incorporar o MINI na sua forma integral, atribuindo a isso dificuldades na rotina médica. Acreditamos que o MINI pode colaborar com a aquisição de competências interpretativa e narrativa em estudantes, embora o ensino esteja ainda, emparte, vinculado ao modelo biomédico.

It is essential to break with the biomedical model. The starting point for that can come from the understanding of patients' narratives. This study sought to evaluate medical students' comprehension of illness narratives using the McGill Illness Narrative Interview (MINI). This is an exploratory, descriptive, and qualitative study, carried out with 11 fifth-year students at a private university in the internship of Family and Community Medicine, for five weeks, involving the care of 29 patients in health units. Through individual online meetings, questions were raised about the experience.The reports were inserted into categories, which allowed us to establish relationships among the theoretical referential elements of Narrative Medicine, Medical Anthropology, and Expanded Clinic. It was a new experience of clinical interviews for the students, with a new appreciation of narratives and a desire to incorporate a more extended approach to their practice, although they do not contemplate incorporating the MINI in its full form due to difficulties in the physician's routine. We believe that MINI can collaborate with the acquisition of interpretative and narrative competence in students, although teaching is still partly linked to the biomedical model.

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Esta obra traz o relato de uma experiência desenvolvida entre os anos de 2020 e 2021, realizada a partir da discussão da Relação Médico(a)-Paciente-Usuário(a) na disciplina Propedêutica Médica do curso de Medicina do Centro Multidisciplinar UFRJ ­ Macaé, utilizando para isso uma Metodologia Ativa de Ensino-Aprendizagem (MAEA), construída a partir da perspectiva biopsicossocial de sujeito e de saúde. Através de narrativas que foram apresentadas em sessões tutoriais e das discussões que se desdobraram nessa disciplina, o(a)s discentes criaram ressonância com histórias reais sobre experiências positivas e negativas de atendimentos médicos, que o(a)s ajudaram a construir a ideia de médicos e médicas que ele(a)s gostariam de ser e, sobretudo, daquele(a)s que ele(a)s não gostariam de ser. Por fim, as narrativas escritas pelo(a)s estudantes deram origem a uma coletânea, organizada neste livro "Histórias não registradas em prontuários: sob o olhar dos usuários". Não é novidade que a formação médica no Brasil passa por um debate sobre a necessidade de ultrapassar sua raiz biomédica. Atualmente, diversas faculdades de medicina vêm propondo reformas em suas matrizes curriculares na tentativa de formar profissionais alinhados com uma perspectiva biopsicossocial de sujeito e de saúde, por isso a importância de discutir a relação médico(a)-paciente-usuário(a).

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This work is a bibliographical review of the challenges of professionalism in medical training. Medicine practiced with narrative competence, called narrative medicine, is proposed as a model for humane and effective medical practice. By virtue of the changes in the practice of medicine during the last years, professionalism values emerge as qualities that should reshape medicine. Several medical associations are redefining professionalism and insist that this issue should be included in the training curriculum. Thus, several medical education institutions are pursuing strategies to teach and assess professionalism. Modeling is still relevant as a learning strategy, but it must be tutored and directed. Also, timely and formative feedback appears as the most frequently suggested evaluative action. Both processes incorporate a personal reflective practice. Several recent studies suggest that a reflective experience is relevant for the formation of a professional identity. Narrative Medicine methodology emerges as an innovative strategy to address this issue, as it seeks to deliver valuable learning experiences to the students through reflection and the search for a new paradigm for medical practice.

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Essa dissertação comparece entrelaçando produção de conhecimento no campo da atenção e pesquisa dirigida às crianças, adolescentes, jovens e gestantes vivendo com Hiv/aids, e minhas memórias e experiência no campo do cuidado. Para tanto assume a perspectiva metodológica autoetnográfica sustentada pela discussão da Antropologia das Emoções. Isso porque compreendemos que a mobilização das memórias, experiência e trajetória da autora não passa impune pela sensibilização necessária de si própria. E esse processo de sensibilizar invade o texto, que utiliza como dispositivo para mobilizar os leitores, sensibilizando-os, a produção autoral de crônicas, contos e poesias. Partindo desse dispositivo, pretendemos também embaçar possíveis personagens reais, e alcançar figuras que reúnem traços comuns a muitos e muitas que fazem parte das práticas de pesquisa e atenção no campo do Hiv/aids. Alertamos que a dimensão autoetnográfica se revela processo de narrativização da convivência com aqueles e aquelas que durante 20 anos foram atendidos e participantes de pesquisas mediadas pela autora. Organizamos o acervo de crônicas / contos /poesias abrindo cada um dos três núcleos que organizam a produção de conhecimento nessa trajetória: 1) Estigma e Suas Reatualizações; (2) Quando o Segredo Cola com a Doença: Segredo ­ Sigilo ­ Revelação; (3) O Caleidoscópio do Cuidado e a Entrada do Psicólogo no Hospital Geral. Concluímos que para quem ainda está na linha de cuidados de pessoas que vivem com Hiv/aids, essa dissertação é um convite afetivo de refletir sobre esses conceitos encarnados. E ter a oportunidade de pensar criticamente a construção de práticas que cuidam e que incluem, mas também, e principalmente, pensar para transformar as práticas que reproduzem, atualizam e perpetuam práticas violentas de des-cuidado, de opressão e exclusão, e como isso opera como um Sistema naturalizado que se repete como uma estrutura de medicalização da vida e redução da mesma a elementos de controle racional.

This dissertation has come forward intertwining the building up of knowledge from clinical trials with children, adolescents, youngsters, and pregnant women living with Hiv/aids and memories, experiences I have lived as caregiver. It embodies the methodological autoethnographic perspective upheld by the debate of Anthropology of Emotions because we understand that mustering the author's remembrances, assignments and trajectory does not waive the necessary awareness of oneself. And this process pervades the text that utilizes the authorial production of chronicles, short-stories, and poetry to reach out and touch the readers. With ingenuity, we envisage to shadow possible actual characters and engage archetypes with common features to many who are part of HIV/aids researches and attention. We remark that the autoethnographic dimension translates into a narrative about living with those who for 20 years are cared, and study participants mediated by the author. Chronicles, short-stories, poetries were gathered to reflect each one of the three hubs which deploy the production of knowledge in this trajectory: 1) Stigma and its novel updates; 2) When the secret sticks to the disease: Secret ­ Secrecy ­ Disclosure. 3) Kaleidoscope of care and the psychologist arrival at the general hospital. The conclusion we have reached for those who are still caring for persons who live with HIV/aids is that this dissertation is a gentle invitation to reflect about these concepts actually experienced. And embrace the opportunity to review critically the elaboration of caring and inclusive practices but mainly to think in transforming those which replicate, refresh, and perpetuate violent and uncaring conducts of oppression and exclusion and how a naturalized system functions, repeating itself as a medicalization and demeaning life structure to mere rational control.

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Se presenta un análisis existenciario del relato que hacen los enfermos, relacionado con la experiencia de padecer cáncer. El objetivo del estudio fue observar, describir y comprender el modo en que el padecer desvela el temple de ánimo de la angustia y, con ello, la posibilidad de un existir auténtico. Aunque en este reporte solo se analiza el relato de dos pacientes, la muestra completa consta de 25 enfermos, todos adultos, de ambos sexos, rango de edad entre 40 y 70 años. El tipo de cáncer varió, pero en todos los casos se trató con cirugía, quimioterapia y radioterapia. La participación fue voluntaria y con consentimiento. La interpretación y el análisis se hizo confrontando las teorías hermenéuticas con los relatos de vida de los pacientes.

An existential analysis of the story that patients make related to the experience of suffering from cancer is presented. The objective of the study was to observe, describe and understand the way in which suffering reveals the temper of anguish and with it, the possibility of an authentic existence. Although this study only analyzes the report of two patients, the complete sample consists of 25 patients, all adults, of both sexes, aged between 40 and 70 years. The type of cancer varied, but in all cases it was treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Participation was voluntary and with consent. The interpretation and analysis was done by confronting the hermeneutical theories with the life stories of the patients.

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Introducción: la pandemia de COVID-19 impone a los profesionales de la salud: altas exigencias y modificaciones en el modo de vincularse con pacientes, pares y familiares. Estos cambios implican consecuencias emocionales tales como el incremento del nivel de estrés y síntomas de ansiedad y de depresión. Objetivo: describir un proyecto interdisciplinario creado bajo el modelo de la Medicina Narrativa dirigido a habilitar el relato de la experiencia de profesionales de la salud pertenecientes a un hospital general privado de alta complejidad de la ciudad de Buenos Aires durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Metodología: se creó una lista de correo y se convocó a profesionales del hospital a realizar una producción escrita, oral o gráfica que represente su experiencia durante la pandemia. Luego, el material recibido se envió a la misma lista de distribución con frecuencia semanal. En cada correo se renovó la invitación a narrar lo vivido o comentar los relatos de otros. Resultados: en el transcurso de siete semanas se recibieron diez producciones individuales: ocho textos, un audio y un gráfico. Los principales temas tratados pudieron agruparse en tres ejes: sala COVID, comunidad y telemedicina. Los autores fueron profesionales de Medicina, Enfermería, Psicología y de Puericultura. Conclusión: desarrollamos un proyecto bajo el modelo de la Medicina Narrativa que permitió a profesionales narrar su experiencia durante la pandemia de COVID-19, habilitando la posibilidad de poner en palabras lo vivido, reflexionar sobre modelos de actuación y elaborar el desgaste emocional generado por el contacto permanente con el dolor y el sufrimiento. (AU)

Introduction: the COVID-19 pandemic imposes high demands on health professionals and changes in the way they relate to patients, peers and family members. These changes involve emotional consequences such as increased stress levels, symptoms of anxiety and depression. Objective: to describe an interdisciplinary project created under the Narrative Medicine model aimed at enabling the reporting of the experience of health professionals belonging to a highly complex private general hospital in the city of Buenos Aires during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: a mailing list was created and hospital professionals were invited to make a written, oral or graphic production that represents their experience during the pandemic. Then, the received material was sent to the same distribution list on a weekly basis. In each email, the invitation to narrate what was experienced or to comment on the stories of others was renewed. Results: over the course of seven weeks, ten individual productions were received: eight texts, one audio and one graphic. The main topics discussed could be grouped into three axes: COVID room, community and telemedicine. The authors were professionals from Medicine, Nursing, Psychology and Childcare. Conclusion: we developed a project under the Narrative Medicine model that allowed professionals to tell their experience during the covid 19 pandemic, enabling the possibility of putting into words what was experienced, reflecting on models of action and elaborating on the emotional exhaustion generated by permanent contact with pain and suffering. (AU)

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BACKGROUND: Narrative medicine (NM) encourages health care providers to draw on their personal experiences to establish therapeutic alliances with patients of prevention and care services. NM medicine practiced by nurses and physicians has been well documented, yet there is little understanding of how community health workers (CHWs) apply NM concepts in their day-to-day practices from patient perspectives. OBJECTIVE: To document how CHWs apply specific NM concepts in Brazil's Family Health Strategy (FHS), the key component of Brazil's Unified Health System. DESIGN: We used a semi-structured interview, grounded in Charon's (2001) framework, including four types of NM relationships: provider-patient, provider-colleague, provider-society, and provider-self. A hybrid approach of thematic analysis was used to analyze data from 27 patients. KEY RESULTS: Sample: 18 females; 13 White, 12 "Pardo" (mixed races), 12 Black. We found: (1) provider-patient relationship-CHWs offered health education through compassion, empathy, trustworthiness, patience, attentiveness, jargon-free communication, and altruism; (2) provider-colleague relationship-CHWs lacked credibility as perceived by physicians, impacting their effectiveness negatively; (3) provider-society relationship-CHWs mobilized patients civically and politically to advocate for and address emerging health care and prevention needs; (4) provider-self relationship-patients identified possible low self-esteem among CHWs and a need to engage in self-care practices to abate exhaustion from intense labor and lack of resources. CONCLUSION: This study adds to patient perspectives on how CHWs apply NM concepts to build and sustain four types of relationships. Findings suggest the need to improve provider-colleague relationships by ongoing training to foster cooperation among FHS team members. More generous organizational supports (wellness initiatives and supervision) may facilitate the provider-self relationship. Public education on CHWs' roles is needed to enhance the professional and societal credibility of their roles and responsibilities. Future research should investigate how CHWs' personality traits may influence their ability to apply NM.

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ABSTRACT The impact of traditional public health emergencies on the comprehensive education of medical students in colleges and universities is mainly reflected in the test of comprehensive literacy. Based on this, this paper studies the construction of a public health emergency impact analysis platform from a medical perspective and cloud computing. From the platform's database construction, event collection methods, impact evaluation rules and other aspects to achieve accurate analysis of the impact of emergencies, using the cloud computing method for comprehensive analysis and evaluation, the algorithm can analyze and intelligently classify information data on the Internet in the process of multiple input, and respond to potential public health emergencies according to cloud computing technology, in order to analyze the impact on the comprehensive quality of medical students. The experimental results show that the public health emergency analysis platform has the advantages of high feasibility and high data utilization, and can effectively improve the impact of public health emergencies on the comprehensive literacy of medical students.

RESUMO O impacto das tradicionais emergências de saúde pública sobre a formação integral de estudantes de medicina em faculdades e universidades reflete-se principalmente no teste de formação integral. Com base nisso, este documento estuda a construção da plataforma de análise de impacto de emergência de saúde pública sob a perspectiva médica e computação em nuvem. A partir da construção da base de dados da plataforma, foram desenvolvidos métodos de coleta de eventos, regras de avaliação de impacto e outros aspectos para obter uma análise precisa do impacto das emergências, usando o método de computação em nuvem para análise e avaliação. O algoritmo pode realizar a análise e classificação inteligente de dados de informação na Internet no processo de introdução múltipla, e responder a possíveis emergências de saúde pública de acordo com a tecnologia de computação em nuvem a fim de analisar o impacto sobre a qualificação dos estudantes de medicina. Os resultados experimentais mostram que a plataforma de análise de emergências de saúde pública tem as vantagens de alta viabilidade e alta utilização de dados, pode melhorar efetivamente o impacto das emergências de saúde pública na formação integral dos estudantes de medicina.

RESUMEN El impacto de las emergencias de salud pública tradicionales en la educación integral de los estudiantes de medicina en los colegios y universidades se refleja principalmente en la prueba de comprensión de textos. Con base en esto, este trabajo estudia la construcción de una plataforma de análisis de impacto de emergencias en salud pública desde una perspectiva médica y de computación en la nube. A partir de la construcción de la base de datos de la plataforma, los métodos de recolección de eventos, las reglas de evaluación de impacto y otros aspectos para lograr un análisis preciso del impacto de las emergencias, utilizando el método de computación en la nube para un análisis y evaluación integral, el algoritmo puede analizar y clasificar de manera inteligente los datos de información en Internet en el proceso de entrada múltiple. También puede responder a potenciales emergencias de salud pública de acuerdo con la tecnología de computación en la nube, con el fin de analizar el impacto en la calidad integral de los estudiantes de medicina. Los resultados experimentales muestran que la plataforma de análisis de emergencias de salud pública tiene las ventajas de alta viabilidad y alta utilización de datos, y puede mejorar de manera efectiva el impacto de las emergencias de salud pública en la comprensión de textos de los estudiantes de medicina.

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