Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Estudantes de Medicina , Aula , Medicina de Desastres/educação , Educação em Saúde Ambiental/métodos , Educação de Graduação em Medicina/métodos , Educação de Graduação em Medicina/normas , Medicina de Desastres/métodos , Medicina de Desastres/normas , Medicina de Desastres/éticaRESUMO
Introduction Education and training are the cornerstones of disaster preparedness and best curricula and training programs are competency-based. Objective This paper presents a proposal to be applied in nursing curricula in Brazil, based on the National Curriculum Guidelines and the recommendations for integrating skills and competencies into undergraduate curricula proposed by the World Health Organization. Results Comparison of competencies sets was conducted to indicate the specific competencies to be included as essential for Brazilian nurses. Levels of proficiency were indicated for the establishment of learning objectives and learning experiences and evaluation tools recommended from the literature. Conclusions The competencies provided are the beginning of the discussion that will have to take place in every nursing school, if all Brazilian nurses are to graduate ready to participate should a disaster occur.
Assuntos
Currículo , Medicina de Desastres/educação , Educação em Enfermagem , Brasil , Competência Clínica , Currículo/normas , Planejamento em Desastres , Desastres , Objetivos , Guias como Assunto , Humanos , Organização Mundial da SaúdeRESUMO
RESUMO Introdução Educação e capacitação são os pilares da preparação para os desastres e melhores currículos e programas de treinamento são baseados em competências. Objetivo Este artigo apresenta uma proposta para ser aplicada ao currículo de enfermagem no Brasil, baseada nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais e nas recomendações para a integração de habilidades e competências no currículo de graduação propostas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Resultados Foi realizada uma comparação de referenciais de competências para indicar as competências específicas essenciais para enfermeiras brasileiras. Níveis de proficiência foram indicados para o estabelecimento de objetivos educacionais e experiências de aprendizado e instrumentos de avaliação recomendados da literatura. Conclusões As competências constituem o início da discussão que deverá ocorrer em cada escola de enfermagem para que todas as enfermeiras brasileiras estejam preparadas para o caso de um desastre ocorrer.
RESÚMEN Introducción Educación y capacidad son los pilares de la preparación para los desastres y mejores currículos y programas de entrenamiento son basados en competencias. Objetivo Este artículo presenta una propuesta para ser aplicada al currículo de enfermería en Brasil, basada en las Directrices Curriculares Nacionales y en las recomendaciones para la integración de habilidades y competencias en el currículo de grado propuestas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Resultados Se realizó una comparación de referenciales de competencias para indicar aquellas específicas esenciales para enfermeras brasileñas. Niveles de competencia fueran indicados para el establecimiento de objetivos educacionales e experiencias de aprendizaje e instrumentos de evaluación recomendados por la literatura. Conclusiones Las competencias constituyen el inicio de la discusión que deberá ocurrir en cada escuela de enfermería para que todas las enfermeras brasileñas estén preparadas para el caso de un desastre ocurrir.
ABSTRACT Introduction Education and training are the cornerstones of disaster preparedness and best curricula and training programs are competency-based. Objective This paper presents a proposal to be applied in nursing curricula in Brazil, based on the National Curriculum Guidelines and the recommendations for integrating skills and competencies into undergraduate curricula proposed by the World Health Organization. Results Comparison of competencies sets was conducted to indicate the specific competencies to be included as essential for Brazilian nurses. Levels of proficiency were indicated for the establishment of learning objectives and learning experiences and evaluation tools recommended from the literature. Conclusions The competencies provided are the beginning of the discussion that will have to take place in every nursing school, if all Brazilian nurses are to graduate ready to participate should a disaster occur.
Assuntos
Humanos , Educação em Enfermagem , Medicina de Desastres/educação , Organização Mundial da Saúde , Brasil , Competência Clínica , Guias como Assunto , Currículo/normas , Planejamento em Desastres , Desastres , ObjetivosRESUMO
UNLABELLED: September 11, 2001 saw the dawn of the US-led global war on terror, a combined diplomatic, military, social, and cultural war on terrorist activities. Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield explosives (CBRNE), as a group of tactics, are often the preferred weapons of terrorists across the globe. We undertook a survey of US medical schools to determine what their self-reported level of training for terrorist events encompasses during the four years of undergraduate medical education. METHODS: We surveyed 170 medical schools in the US and Puerto Rico using a five-question, internet-based survey, followed by telephone calls to curriculum offices for initial nonresponders. We used simple descriptive statistics to analyze the data. RESULTS: A majority of US medical schools that completed the survey (79 schools or 65.3%) have no required lecture or course on CBRNE or terrorist activities during the first or second year (preclinical years). Ninety-eight out of the 121 respondents (81.0%), however, believed that CBRNE training was either very important or somewhat important, as reflected in survey answers. CONCLUSIONS: Most physician educators believe that training in CBRNE is important; however this belief has not resulted in widespread acceptance of a CBRNE curriculum in US medical schools.
Assuntos
Medicina de Desastres/educação , Educação de Graduação em Medicina/organização & administração , Faculdades de Medicina , Terrorismo , Currículo , Humanos , Porto Rico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estados UnidosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Natural disasters disproportionately injure women and children. Disaster teams need intensive training in the management of obstetrics and women's healthcare at the disaster site. DESIGN: This article summarizes the obstetrical experience for the International Medical Surgical Response Team (IMSuRT) stationed at Gheskio in Port Au Prince during the first 2 weeks after the 2010 Haitian earthquake. The world's literature on the impact of disasters on women is reviewed. SETTING: Sixty-three members of the IMSuRT and Disaster Medical Assistance Team set up a mobile surgical field hospital after the 2010 Haitian earthquake. One member (AG) managed all the obstetrical care and taught the other team members essentials of labor management and assessment in pregnancy. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: Six hundred patients were treated in the first 14 days. Ten percent of these patients were pregnant.There were 12 deliveries. INTERVENTIONS: All pregnant patients were evaluated by a Sonosite ultrasound device. Pregnant patients with earthquake-related injuries were treated for their injuries.Women in labor were managed by active management in labor. No cesarean sections were needed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Well-being of mother and babies. RESULTS: Sixty pregnant women presented to the mobile hospital for evaluation from January 17, 2010, through January 28, 2012. Twelve women in labor delivered healthy infants by vaginal delivery. Gestational ages ranges from 34 to 40 weeks. Active management of labor included the use of intravenous Pitocin, which was titrated to contractions. Duration of labor ranged from 2 to 12 hours. Three team members participated in each delivery. Two women were discharged on the same day as their deliveries. Eight women were discharged on the first postpartum day and two on the second postpartum day. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women suffered severe injuries. Additionally, pregnant women with pre-existing medical conditions were treated after the earthquake. Active management of labor allowed all women to deliver vaginally. The labor management required tremendous team resources to facilitate vaginal deliveries and avoid cesarean sections. Cesarean sections in an austere environment have the potential for devastating consequences such as sepsis, wound dehiscence, and the long-term risks of uterine rupture with subsequent pregnancies. Our experience highlights the need to include trained obstetrical providers on the first response team. ORAL PRESENTATION: Data from this article were included in the presentation, "An urgent need for women's health specialists in disaster response," at the Disaster Response Workshop, Annual Meeting Society Maternal Fetal Medicine, Dallas, 2012.
Assuntos
Medicina de Desastres/organização & administração , Terremotos , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Obstetrícia/organização & administração , Saúde da Mulher , Adulto , Medicina de Desastres/educação , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Unidades Móveis de Saúde , Obstetrícia/educação , Gravidez , Resultado da Gravidez , Ultrassonografia Pré-NatalAssuntos
Humanos , Medicina de Desastres/educação , Planejamento em Desastres , Educação Médica , Medicina de Emergência/educação , Saúde Pública/educação , Desastres/economia , Desastres/estatística & dados numéricos , América Latina , Faculdades de Medicina/estatística & dados numéricos , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/etiologia , Universidades/estatística & dados numéricosAssuntos
Medicina de Desastres/organização & administração , Planejamento em Desastres/organização & administração , Desastres , Terremotos , Medicina de Emergência/organização & administração , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde/organização & administração , Medicina de Desastres/educação , Medicina de Emergência/educação , Haiti , Humanos , Cooperação InternacionalRESUMO
This article analyzes Cuba's medical role in Haiti since Hurricane Georges in 1998, with particular emphasis on the Cuban government's response to the 2010 earthquake. The article examines two central themes. First, it assesses the enormous impact on public health that Cuba has made since 1998, and second, it provides a comparative analysis of Cuba's medical role since the earthquake.