RESUMO
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are widely employed as an experimental model in various scientific fields. The investigation of glucose metabolism dysfunctions has gained recent significant prominence. Considering that certain anesthetics may impact glycemic levels, it is imperative to carefully select an anesthetic that does not induce such side effects, thereby mitigating potential adverse influences on research outcomes. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate potential glucose alterations and induction and recovery times resulting from the use of eugenol, menthol and lidocaine as anesthetics in zebrafish. A total of 150 adult male and female zebrafish were divided into ten groups, comprising a control group euthanized by rapid chilling, and three groups anesthetized with low (40 mg/L eugenol, 60 mg/L menthol, 100 mg/L lidocaine), intermediate (60 mg/L eugenol, 90 mg/L menthol, 225 mg/L lidocaine), and high (80 mg/L eugenol, 120 mg/L menthol, 350 mg/L lidocaine) anesthetic concentrations. Glucose levels and induction and recovery times were assessed. The findings reveal that eugenol and menthol did not cause glucose level alterations at any of the investigated concentrations, while lidocaine caused a non-concentration-dependent hyperglycemia. Eugenol and menthol also exhibited similar recovery times at different concentrations, while lidocaine recovery times were concentration-dependent. This study, therefore, concludes that eugenol and menthol are safe and satisfactory anesthetics for use in zebrafish research involving glucose analyses, while lidocaine use can cause biases due to altered glucose levels and safety concerns. Researchers should, therefore, carefully consider anesthetic selection to ensure reliable results in zebrafish assessments.
Assuntos
Anestésicos , Perciformes , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Eugenol/toxicidade , Peixe-Zebra , Mentol/toxicidade , Lidocaína/toxicidade , Anestésicos/toxicidade , GlucoseRESUMO
O artigo analisa as estratégias de controle existentes no trabalho na mina de Morro Velho, Minas Gerais, e as mudanças resultantes da implementação da legislação trabalhista durante o governo Vargas. Discute as doenças causadas pelo trabalho na mina, silicose e arsenicismo, através de depoimentos de ex-mineiros e do livro de um autor anônimo que aborda as doenças e as relações de poder entre patrões e empregados, apontando os limites da legislação e das lutas operárias. O livro traz um depoimento contundente de como a empresa proprietária, inglesa, burlou, durante muito tempo, leis como a da taxa de insalubridade. Direito que outras mineradoras, não só de propriedade inglesa, costumavam e até hoje costumam desrespeitar pelo mundo.
This article analyzes the control strategies in place at Morro Velho mine in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, and the changes after the implementation of labor legislation during the Vargas administration. The diseases common amongst mine workers, silicosis and arsenicosis, are investigated through statements given by former miners and a book by an anonymous author that discusses the diseases and the power relations between employers and employees, identifying the limitations of the legislation and the workers’ struggles. The book presents a striking story of how for many years the British company side-stepped laws such as the insalubrity premium, a right which other mining companies, not only of British ownership, flouted and still flout in different parts of the world.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Cricetinae , Dano ao DNA , Testes de Mutagenicidade/métodos , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/genética , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Mentol/toxicidade , Nitrofenóis/toxicidade , Sarcosina/análogos & derivados , Sarcosina/toxicidadeRESUMO
The essential oils and their monoterpenoid constituents have been widely used as fragrances in cosmetics, as flavouring food additives, as scenting agents in a variety of household products, as active ingredients in some old drugs, and as intermediates in the synthesis of perfume chemicals. The present study was undertaken to investigate the mutagenic potential of six monoterpenoid compounds: two aldehydes (citral and citronellal), a ketone ((+/-)-camphor), an oxide (1,8-cineole, also known as eucalyptol), and two alcohols (terpineol and (-)-menthol). It is part of a more comprehensive toxicological screening of monoterpenes under way at our laboratory. Mutagenicity was evaluated by the Salmonella/microsome assay (TA97a, TA98, TA100 and TA102 tester strains), without and with addition of an extrinsic metabolic activation system (lyophilized rat liver S9 fraction induced by Aroclor 1254). In all cases, the upper limit of the dose interval tested was either the highest non-toxic dose or the lowest dose of the monoterpene toxic to TA100 strain in the preliminary toxicity test. No mutagenic effect was found with (+/-) camphor, citral, citronellal, 1,8-cineole, and (-) menthol. Terpineol caused a slight but dose-related increase in the number of his+ revertants with TA102 tester strain both without and with addition of S9 mixture. The results from this study therefore suggest that, with the exception of terpineol, the monoterpenoid compounds tested are not mutagenic in the Ames test.
Assuntos
Cicloexanóis , Monoterpenos , Mutagênicos/toxicidade , Terpenos/toxicidade , Monoterpenos Acíclicos , Aldeídos/farmacocinética , Aldeídos/toxicidade , Animais , Biotransformação , Cânfora/farmacocinética , Cânfora/toxicidade , Monoterpenos Cicloexânicos , Cicloexenos , Eucaliptol , Técnicas In Vitro , Mentol/análogos & derivados , Mentol/farmacocinética , Mentol/toxicidade , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Testes de Mutagenicidade/métodos , Mutagênicos/farmacocinética , Ratos , Salmonella typhimurium/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella typhimurium/genética , Terpenos/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
Grossman's sealer, eucapercha, Endo-Fill, CRCS, Sealapex, Hypocal, and sterile saline solution (0.3 ml of each) were injected into specific dorsal subdermal tissue sites of 12 guinea pigs. The animals were killed after 6 days, 15 days, and 80 days (four per time period). Analysis of tissue response showed that, overall, Sealapex and Endo-Fill had less severe inflammatory reactions than any of the other test materials. Grossman's sealer, CRCS, and Hypocal showed principally severe inflammatory responses at both 6 and 15 days, but mild reactions at 80 days. Overall, eucapercha showed less severe inflammatory responses than Grossman's sealer, CRCS, and Hypocal. Diffuse calcification was induced by the three calcium hydroxide preparations (CRCS, Sealapex, and Hypocal). Eucapercha and Endo-Fill had minute local areas of calcification. Both Grossman's sealer and CRCS did not have overall favorable histologic reactions; however, Grossman's sealer and CRCS have been used successfully clinically. Further clinical studies are needed.