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OBJECTIVE: to investigate the burnout syndrome and its relationship with demographic and academic variables among undergraduate nursing students at a public university in Southern Brazil. METHOD: a quantitative study with 168 students, by applying an adaptation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Student Survey, validated for this study. We used descriptive and variance analysis of the data analysis. RESULTS: we found that students do not have the burnout syndrome, manifesting high average scores in Emotional Exhaustion, low in Disbelief and high in Professional Effectiveness; that younger students who perform leisure activities have greater Professional Effectiveness, unlike students in early grades with no extracurricular activities; combining work and studies negatively influenced only the Professional Effectiveness factor, while the intention of giving up influenced negatively Disbelief and Professional Effectiveness factors. CONCLUSION: the situations that lead students to Emotional Exhaustion need to be recognized, considering the specificity of their study environments. .

OBJETIVO: investigar a síndrome de Burnout e sua relação com variáveis sociodemográficas e acadêmicas, entre estudantes de graduação em enfermagem de uma universidade pública do Sul do Brasil. MÉTODO: estudo quantitativo, realizado com 168 estudantes, mediante a aplicação de uma adaptação do Maslach Burnout Inventory - Student Survey, validada para este estudo. Utilizou-se a análise descritiva e de variância para análise dos dados. RESULTADOS: constatou-se que os estudantes não apresentam a síndrome de Burnout, manifestando médias altas em exaustão emocional, baixas em descrença e altas em eficácia profissional; que estudantes mais jovens e que realizam atividades de lazer apresentam maior eficácia profissional, diferentemente de estudantes das séries iniciais e que não realizam atividades extracurriculares; conciliar trabalho e estudos influenciou negativamente apenas o fator eficácia profissional, enquanto a intenção de desistir do curso influenciou negativamente os fatores descrença e eficácia profissional. CONCLUSÃO: faz-se necessário o reconhecimento das situações que levam os estudantes à exaustão emocional, considerando a especificidade de seus ambientes de formação. .

OBJETIVO: investigar la síndrome de burnout y su relación con variables sociodemográficas y académicas, entre estudiantes de pregrado en enfermería de una universidad pública del Sur de Brasil. MÉTODO: estudio cuantitativo, desarrollado con 168 estudiantes, mediante la aplicación de una adaptación del Maslach Burnout Inventory - Student Survey, validada para fines de ese estudio. Fueron utilizados los análisis descriptivo y de variancia para analizar los datos. RESULTADOS: se constató que los estudiantes no presentan la síndrome de burnout, manifestando altos promedios en Agotamiento Emocional, bajos en Descreencia y altos en Eficacia Profesional; que estudiantes más jóvenes y que practican actividades de ocio presentan mayor Eficacia Profesional, diferentemente de estudiantes de los años iniciales sin actividades extracurriculares; conciliar trabajo y estudios influyó negativamente apenas el factor Eficacia Profesional, mientras la intención de desistir del curso influyó negativamente los factores Descreencia y Eficacia Profesional. CONCLUSIÓN: es necesario reconocer las situaciones que llevan a los estudiantes al Agotamiento Emocional, considerando la especificidad de sus ambientes de formación. .

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Lactogenic and somatogenic receptors present in rat liver have been examined by cross-linking with a derivative of human somatotropin (AP-hGH1) followed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AP-hGH1, which has a content of 2.2 azidophenacyl groups per molecule, mainly linked to half Cys-182 and half Cys-189, exerted a specificity similar to that of the native hormone (hGH), with an ability of 46% with respect to hGH to compete with the radiolabelled hormone for the binding sites of microsomal preparations. Photolysis of the 125I-labelled derivative bound to the lactogenic receptors present in either microsomal membranes or Triton X-100 solubilized preparations gave rise to a 63 kDa species. In addition, 30% of the covalent complexes formed in microsomal membranes belonged to a species with a molecular mass of 70 kDa. Incubation of viable rat hepatocytes with the radiolabelled derivative at either 0 degrees C for 3 h or 15 degrees C for 1.5 h and subjection to irradiation, yielded covalent complexes of molecular masses estimated at 130, 73, 63, 45 and 35 kDa. Experiments performed in the presence of 1 mM NaCN, gave rise to the previous species in a similar yield as that obtained in the absence of cyanide. The 130 kDa complex is related to the somatogenic binding sites, since it was not visualized in the presence of unlabelled bovine somatotropin, while the 70-73, 63, 45 and 35 kDa bands disappeared when the incubations were performed in the presence of unlabelled ovine prolactin.

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The relationship between lipid composition, the physical properties of microsomal phospholipids and the kinetics of liver UDP-glucuronyltransferase was studied in microsomes from guinea pigs supplied with a normal or a fat-free diet for 28 days. Fatty acid deficiency did not modify either the cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio or the polar head group composition, but exclusively redistributed the unsaturated fatty acid pattern, by partially exchanging oleic for linoleic acid. This phenomenon accounts for the decrease of both rotational and translational mobilities of the fluorescent probes 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and pyrene respectively. When the thermotropic behaviour of the different systems was assessed, no transition temperature (gel-liquid-crystalline) between 10 and 40 degrees C was seen as a consequence of the lower degree of unsaturation, either in the microsomal membranes or in the total lipid or total phospholipid extracts from the treated animals. In spite of this, the polarization ratio of trans-parinaric acid and the fluorescence intensity of merocyanine 540 revealed that a significant lateral phase separation occurred at 20-22 degrees C in the extracted phospholipids, which was smoother in the total lipid fractions and in the native microsomal membranes. Fatty acid deficiency caused an upward shift of the midpoint temperature of the lateral phase separation. Furthermore, the phosphatidylcholine extracted from the 'normal' microsomes showed a lateral phase separation centred at a lower temperature than that extracted from 'fat-deficient' microsomes. In contrast, the Arrhenius plot of UDP-glucuronyltransferase from 'normal' microsomes exhibited a change in slope at a higher temperature than that from treated microsomes. These results would suggest that fatty acid deficiency in guinea-pig liver microsomes, while rigidizing the bulk lipids, would segregate the most unsaturated phosphatidylcholine molecules towards the UDP-glucuronyltransferase microenvironment, in accordance with our previous results with cholesterol incorporation [Castuma & Brenner (1986) Biochemistry 25, 4733-4738].

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The effect of Zn deficiency on the in vivo synthesis of fatty acids of linoleic acid (n6) series was studied in rat liver. 1-14C Linoleic acid (18:2 n 6), 1-14C acetate plus delta-linolenic acid (18:3 n 6), and 1-14C eicosatrienoic acid (20:3 n 6) were administered to control rats and to animals which had been maintained for 32 days on a Zn-deficient diet. The distribution of label among microsomal fatty acids was measured one hour after the injections. 14C 18:2 n 6 was converted to 14C labeled (n 6) linolenate, eicosatrienoate, arachidonate, and docosapentaenoate. Label from 14C acetate was found in saturated fatty acids and in the above polyenes. The label from 14C 20:3 n 6 was transferred to (n 6) eicosatetraenoate and docosapentaenoate. These results are consistent with the occurrence of active delta 6, delta 5 and delta 4 desaturases, as well as fatty acid elongases in vivo. Zn deficiency modified the fatty acid composition of rat liver microsomes and decreased the rate of conversion of 14C 18:2 to higher homologs. The 20:4 n 6/18:2 n 6 ratio was decreased, which correlated with a decreased production of 14C 20:4 n 6 from 14C 18:2 n 6. The ratio (14C-labeled) phosphatidylcholine/triacylglycerols was significantly decreased in Zn-deprived rats. Zn deficiency thus decreases the activity of fatty acid desaturases and elongases and modifies the activity of the enzymes involved in the incorporation of fatty acids into lipids.

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The effect of zinc deficiency on the lipid composition, fluorescence anisotropy of the membrane labeled with diphenyl hexatriene and delta 9, delta 6, and delta 5 fatty acid desaturation activity of liver and testes microsomal membranes was studied. Sixty days of zinc deficiency in weanling rats evoked a loss of hair and scaled and ridged tail. The activities of delta 6 and delta 5 desaturases, that are relevant enzymes involved in linoleic acid conversion into arachidonic acid, were decreased in both liver and testes. However, the delta 9 desaturase of liver was increased by the zinc deficiency. The arachidonic acid concentration of liver and testes microsomes was decreased. The microsomal phospholipid/cholesterol ratio was markedly decreased, and this change was correlative to an increase of the fluorescence anisotropy of membranes labeled with diphenyl hexatriene, that indicated an increase of the order parameter for diphenyl hexatriene and considering the criterium of Van Blitterswijk et al., an increase of the molecular packing of the bilayer. Zinc deficiency evoked an essential fatty acid deficiency status with low eicosa-5,8,11-trienoic acid, and decrease of delta 6 and, specially, delta 5 desaturase activity, that aggravates the symptoms and avoids compensatory biosynthesis of the polyunsaturated acids of oleic family.

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