RESUMO

Myoglobin (Mb) is a sarcoplasmic heme protein present in muscle cells, which acts as a short­term oxygen (O2) reserve in the muscle tissue. After slaughtering and exsanguination, Mb is the major pigment that provides the red color in meat. The concentration of Mb together with its redox state are two pivotal factors that determine meat color. The elevated pH of dark­cutting beef can affect both physical and biochemical properties resulting in decreased oxygenation. The darkening observed in high ultimate pH (pHu) beef concerns meat processors as color is the initial attribute that impacts on the purchase. Thus, any atypical meat color (i.e., loss of brightness) reduces consumer interest in the product. Several studies have demonstrated that immunological castration is effective in preventing both aggressive behavior and undesirable dark­cutting of bull meat. However, little information is available on the effects of processing techniques that limit the oxidation of ferrous iron (Fe2+), Mb or promote metmyoglobin (MMb) reduction in dark­cutting beef. Because of the importance of color to fresh beef marketability, this review aimed at overviewing the significance of pHu in beef color and color stability and to discuss new alternatives for improving and assessing the beef color of dark­cutting beef, especially in Nellore bulls and their crossbreds, which are widely used in beef cattle production in Brazil.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Combined effects of gamma irradiation (0, 3, 6 and 9 kGy) and aging (1 and 14 days) on quality attributes of vacuum-packaged beef from Nellore cattle were evaluated. The meat water holding capacity was affected by irradiation, increasing (p < 0.05) purge and cooking loss regardless of the dose used. Irradiation negatively affected myofibrillar fragmentation, but samples irradiated at 9 kGy had (p < 0.05) higher soluble collagen and lower shear force values. The meat metmyoglobin reducing activity was reduced (p < 0.05) by the irradiation process, inducing the metmyoglobin accumulation with increasing dose applied. Samples irradiated at 9 kGy presented (p < 0.05) higher lipid oxidation and lower oxymyoglobin proportion and color redness and chroma values. It was concluded that irradiation at 9 kGy combined with aging can be used as an effective tool for improving the tenderness of Nellore beef, but resulted in a discoloration of the beef.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The influence of muscle source on color stability of fresh beef from purebred Bos indicus cattle was investigated. Longissimus lumborum (LL) and psoas major (PM) muscles obtained from twelve (n=12) Nellore bull carcasses (24h post-mortem) were fabricated into 2.54-cm steaks, aerobically packaged, and stored at 4°C for nine days. Steaks were analyzed on day 0 for proximate composition and myoglobin concentration, whereas pH, instrumental color, metmyoglobin reducing activity (MRA), lipid oxidation, and protein oxidation were evaluated on days 0, 3, 6, and 9. LL steaks exhibited greater (P<0.05) redness, color stability, and MRA than PM counterparts. On the other hand, PM steaks demonstrated greater (P<0.05) myoglobin content, lipid oxidation, and protein oxidation than LL steaks. These results indicated the critical influence of muscle source on discoloration of fresh beef from Bos indicus animals and suggested the necessity to engineer muscle-specific strategies to improve color stability and marketability of beef from Bos indicus cattle.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The spread of Africanized bees in the American continent has increased the number of severe envenomation after swarm attacks. Acute renal failure (ARF) is one of the major hazards in surviving patients. To assess the mechanisms of bee venom-induced ARF, rats were evaluated before, up to 70 min and 24h after 0.5mg/kg of venom injection. Control rats received saline. Bee venom caused an early and significant reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR, inulin clearance, 0.84+/-0.05 to 0.40+/-0.08 ml/min/100g, p<0.0001) and renal blood flow (RBF, laser Doppler flowmetry), which was more severe in the cortical (-72%) than in the medullary area (-48%), without systemic blood pressure decrease. Creatine phosphokinase, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase increased significantly, pointing to rhabdomyolysis, whereas serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and hematocrit remained stable. Twenty-four hours after venom, RBF recovered but GFR remained significantly impaired. Renal histology showed acute tubular injury and a massive tubular deposition of myoglobin. Venom was added to isolated rat proximal tubules (PT) suspension subjected to normoxia and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) for direct nephrotoxicity evaluation. After 60 min of incubation, 0.1, 2 and 10 microg of venom induced significant increases in LDH release: 47%, 64% and 86%, respectively, vs. 21% in control PT while 2 microg of venom enhanced H/R injury (85% vs. 55%, p<0.01). These results indicate that vasoconstriction, direct nephrotoxicity and rhabdomyolysis are important mechanisms in the installation of bee venom-induced ARF that may occur even without hemolysis or hypotension.

Assuntos

Assuntos

Assuntos

Assuntos

RESUMO

Antecedentes: La mioglobina es un marcador precoz de necrosis miocárdica. Sin embargo, su valor pronóstico aún no se ha aclarado en forma prospectiva en las primeras horas de evolución de pacientes con síndromes coronarios agudos (SCA) sin supradesnivel del segmento ST. Objetivos: Determinar la relación entre los valores de mioglobina al ingreso y la ocurrencia de muerte o infarto a los 30 días en pacientes con SCA sin supradesnivel del ST. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohortes prospectivo y multicéntrico que incluyó 366 pacientes para evaluar el valor pronóstico de la mioglobina en el momento de la admisión. Se determinó también la concentración de troponina T, la proteína C reactiva (PCR) y la CK-MB masa a las 12 horas del comienzo de los síntomas. Las determinaciones fueron realizadas a doble ciego por un laboratorio central e independiente. El punto final primario fue muerte y/o reinfarto no fatal a los 30 días. Se realizó un análisis multivariado para determinar la asociación entre los niveles de mioglobina y el punto final clínico. Resultados: La mediana de tiempo síntomas-admisión fue de 4 horas. La tasa de eventos a los 30 días fue del 10,1 por ciento. De acuerdo con la regresión logística, se observó una asociación entre los niveles elevados de mioglobina al ingreso y los eventos clínicos (OR 3,5 [IC 95 por ciento 1,6-7,6]), independiente de marcadores clínicos y bioquímicos convencionales. Conclusiones: La elevación precoz de la mioglobina agrega información pronóstica independiente a marcadores clínicos y bioquímicos convencionales y además se asocia con mala evolución clínica a los 30 días en pacientes con SCA sin supradesnivel del ST.

Assuntos

RESUMO

We report a case of human monensin intoxication; to our knowledge, this is the first reported case in the medical literature. The patient took a dose of monensin three times higher than a dose considered lethal for cattle and developed a clinical picture similar to that reported in veterinary medicine. There was an early and extremely severe rhabdomyolysis followed by acute renal failure, heart failure, and death. The main changes observed at autopsy were extensive skeletal muscle necrosis, complement deposition at the myocardial level, pulmonary edema, and acute tubular damage.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A síndrome isquêmica aguda varia de angina instável a infarto agudo do miocárdio, e seu manuseio atual requer rapidez e eficácia. O diagnóstico do infarto agudo do miocárdio foi estabelecido pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, e a CK-MB atividade foi considerada a enzima padrão. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o valor diagnóstico e o desempenho da CK-MB atividade à CK-MB massa, à troponina I e à mioglobina em portadores de dor precordial prolongada, atendidos no pronto-socorro. A casuística incluiu 217 pacientes, com dor precordial de duração igual ou superior a 20 minutos, distribuídos em três grupos: grupo I, 29 pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio, diagnosticado por supradesnivelamento do segmento ST e dor; grupo II, 24 pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio, diagnosticado por elevação da CK-MB atividade e dor, e grupo III, 164 pacientes, com dor, sem alteração da CK-MB atividade e do eletrocardiograma compatível com infarto agudo. As dosagens dos marcadores bioquímicos foram realizadas na ocasião da inclusão do paciente no estudo, duas, quatro, seis, oito, dez, 12 e 24 horas após, e as análises foram realizadas em relação à hora do início da dor. As características demográficas dos grupos foram semelhantes, exceto o tabagismo, que foi menor no grupo III. Quanto às alterações eletrocardiográficas, todos os pacientes com eletrocardiograma normal situaram-se no grupo III, e os níveis dos marcadores bioquímicos foram mais elevados nos pacientes com alterações eletrocardiográficas compatíveis com isquemia aguda. A sensibilidade e a especificidade da CK-MB massa (5,6 ng/ml), da cTnI (1,5 ng/ml), da CK-MB massa (9,4 ng/ml) e da mioglobina (110 ng/ml), em relação à CK-MB atividade, foram 98% e 78,6%, 98% e 74,4%, 98% e 84,5%, 85,7% e 85,1% respectivamente. O valor preditivo positivo variou de 52,7% a 64,8% e o valor preditivo negativo variou de 95,3% a 99,3%. A CK-MB atividade não se elevou em níveis compatíveis com IAM em 13,8% dos pacientes do grupo I, tendo ocorrido um resultado falso positivo no grupo II...

Assuntos