RESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Myostatin (MSTN) and MyoGenin (MyoG) on goose skeletal muscle growth. In this study, MSTN and MyoG gene expression in breast and leg muscle of Zi and Rhine goose were detected by Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and the correlations between genes expression levels and carcass traits were investigated. The results showed that the breast muscle weight and breast muscle percentage of Rhine goose were significantly higher than Zi goose (p 0.01). MSTN mRNA and MyoG mRNA expression in breast muscle of Zi goose were significantly higher than that of Rhine goose and the level of MSTN in leg muscle of Rhine was significantly higher than that of Zi goose (p 0.01). There was a significant difference between MSTN mRNA expression in breast muscle and in leg muscle of Zi goose (p 0.01). MSTN mRNA expression in leg muscle was significantly higher than that of breast muscle of Rhine goose (p 0.05). There was a significant difference between MyoG mRNA expression in breast muscle and in leg muscle of Zi goose and Rhine goose (p 0.01). There was a negative correlation between MSTN mRNA expression in breast muscle and body weight, breast muscle weight and breast muscle percentage.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Gansos/genética , Miostatina/análise , Miostatina/classificação , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Myostatin (MSTN) and MyoGenin (MyoG) on goose skeletal muscle growth. In this study, MSTN and MyoG gene expression in breast and leg muscle of Zi and Rhine goose were detected by Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and the correlations between genes expression levels and carcass traits were investigated. The results showed that the breast muscle weight and breast muscle percentage of Rhine goose were significantly higher than Zi goose (p 0.01). MSTN mRNA and MyoG mRNA expression in breast muscle of Zi goose were significantly higher than that of Rhine goose and the level of MSTN in leg muscle of Rhine was significantly higher than that of Zi goose (p 0.01). There was a significant difference between MSTN mRNA expression in breast muscle and in leg muscle of Zi goose (p 0.01). MSTN mRNA expression in leg muscle was significantly higher than that of breast muscle of Rhine goose (p 0.05). There was a significant difference between MyoG mRNA expression in breast muscle and in leg muscle of Zi goose and Rhine goose (p 0.01). There was a negative correlation between MSTN mRNA expression in breast muscle and body weight, breast muscle weight and breast muscle percentage.
Assuntos
Animais , Gansos/genética , Miostatina/análise , Miostatina/classificação , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
The mechanisms of muscle wasting and decreased mobility have a major functional effect in rheumatoid arthritis, but they have been poorly studied. The objective of our study is to describe muscular involvement and the pathways in an experimental model of arthritis compared to the pathways in disuse atrophy. Female Wistar rats were separated into three groups: control (CO), collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), and immobilized (IM). Spontaneous locomotion and weight were evaluated weekly. The gastrocnemius muscle was evaluated by histology and immunoblotting to measure the expression of myostatin (a negative regulator), LC3 (autophagy), MuRF-1 (proteasome-mediated proteolysis), MyoD, and myogenin (satellite-cell activation). The significance level was set at P < 0.05, and histological analysis of joints confirmed the severity of the arthropathy. There was a significant difference in spontaneous locomotion in the CIA group. Animal body weight, gastrocnemius muscle weight, and relative muscle weight decreased 20%, 30%, and 20%, respectively, in the CIA rats. Inflammatory infiltration and swelling were present in the gastrocnemius muscles of the CIA rats. The mean cross-sectional area was reduced by 30% in the CIA group and by 60% in the IM group. The expressions of myostatin and LC3 between the groups were similar. There was increased expression of MuRF-1 in the IM (1.9-fold) and CIA (3.1-fold) groups and of myogenin in the muscles of the CIA animals (1.7-fold), while MyoD expression was decreased in the IM (20%) rats. This study demonstrated that the development of experimental arthritis is associated with decreased mobility, body weight, and muscle loss. Both IM and CIA animal models presented muscle atrophy, but while proteolysis and the regeneration pathways were activated in the CIA model, there was no activation of regeneration in the IM model. We can assume that muscle atrophy in experimental arthritis is associated with the disease itself and not simply with decreased mobility.
Assuntos
Artrite/complicações , Músculos/patologia , Atrofia Muscular/etiologia , Animais , Artrite/induzido quimicamente , Artrite/fisiopatologia , Colágeno/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos/análise , Proteínas Musculares/análise , Músculos/química , Músculos/fisiopatologia , Atrofia Muscular/patologia , Atrofia Muscular/fisiopatologia , Proteína MyoD/análise , Miogenina/análise , Miostatina/análise , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Restrição Física/efeitos adversos , Proteínas com Motivo Tripartido , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/análiseRESUMO
Neste trabalho foi estudada a correlação entre o perfil proteico do plasma seminal e a motilidade e viabilidade espermática em coelhos submetidos ao tratamento com vetores de expressão contendo o gene da eritropoetina (EPO) e com EPO recombinante humana. Foram identificadas, em coelhos submetidos ao tratamento com vetor de DNA contendo o gene da EPO, duas bandas proteicas associadas a alterações na motilidade espermática - 48kDa à baixa motilidade (P<0,05) e 18kDa à alta motilidade (P<0,05) - e esse fator foi associado a maior viabilidade espermática (P<0,05). Em coelhos submetidos ao tratamento com EPO recombinante, um fator proteico, 63kDa, associou-se à alta motilidade espermática (P<0,05), enquanto dois, 26 e 40kDa, foram associados à alta viabilidade espermática (P<0,05). Esses resultados sugerem que o doping genético pode ocasionar mudanças no perfil proteico do plasma seminal, provocando alterações na motilidade e viabilidade espermática.
In this study the correlation between seminal plasma protein profile and the sperm motility and sperm viability in rabbits submitted to treatment with an expression vector containing EPO gene and with human recombinant EPO was evaluated. In rabbits submitted to treatment with EPO expression vector, two protein bands were associated to sperm motility - 48kDa associated to low motility (P<0.05) and 18kDa to high motility (P<0.05) - and this protein band was also associated to high sperm viability (P<0.05). In rabbits submitted to treatment with human recombinant EPO, a protein factor, 63kDa, was associated to high sperm motility (P<0.05) while two protein factors, 26 and 40kDa, were associated to high sperm viability (P<0.05). These results suggest that gene doping leads to changes in rabbit seminal plasma protein, altering sperm motility and sperm viability.
Assuntos
Animais , Coelhos , Análise do Sêmen/veterinária , Eritropoetina/análise , Eritropoetina/fisiologia , Miostatina/análise , Coelhos/genética , Reprodução , Sêmen/imunologia , Sêmen/parasitologia , Medicina VeterináriaRESUMO
Neste trabalho foi estudada a correlação entre o perfil proteico do plasma seminal e a motilidade e viabilidade espermática em coelhos submetidos ao tratamento com vetores de expressão contendo o gene da eritropoetina (EPO) e com EPO recombinante humana. Foram identificadas, em coelhos submetidos ao tratamento com vetor de DNA contendo o gene da EPO, duas bandas proteicas associadas a alterações na motilidade espermática - 48kDa à baixa motilidade (P<0,05) e 18kDa à alta motilidade (P<0,05) - e esse fator foi associado a maior viabilidade espermática (P<0,05). Em coelhos submetidos ao tratamento com EPO recombinante, um fator proteico, 63kDa, associou-se à alta motilidade espermática (P<0,05), enquanto dois, 26 e 40kDa, foram associados à alta viabilidade espermática (P<0,05). Esses resultados sugerem que o doping genético pode ocasionar mudanças no perfil proteico do plasma seminal, provocando alterações na motilidade e viabilidade espermática.(AU)
In this study the correlation between seminal plasma protein profile and the sperm motility and sperm viability in rabbits submitted to treatment with an expression vector containing EPO gene and with human recombinant EPO was evaluated. In rabbits submitted to treatment with EPO expression vector, two protein bands were associated to sperm motility - 48kDa associated to low motility (P<0.05) and 18kDa to high motility (P<0.05) - and this protein band was also associated to high sperm viability (P<0.05). In rabbits submitted to treatment with human recombinant EPO, a protein factor, 63kDa, was associated to high sperm motility (P<0.05) while two protein factors, 26 and 40kDa, were associated to high sperm viability (P<0.05). These results suggest that gene doping leads to changes in rabbit seminal plasma protein, altering sperm motility and sperm viability.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Coelhos , Análise do Sêmen/veterinária , Eritropoetina/análise , Eritropoetina/fisiologia , Miostatina/análise , Sêmen/imunologia , Sêmen/parasitologia , Coelhos/genética , Reprodução , Medicina VeterináriaRESUMO
Since its discovery, myostatin (MSTN) has been at the forefront of muscle therapy research because intrinsic mutations or inhibition of this protein, by either pharmacological or genetic means, result in muscle hypertrophy and hyperplasia. In addition to muscle growth, MSTN inhibition potentially disturbs connective tissue, leads to strength modulation, facilitates myoblast transplantation, promotes tissue regeneration, induces adipose tissue thermogenesis and increases muscle oxidative phenotype. It is also known that current advances in gene therapy have an impact on sports because of the illicit use of such methods. However, the adverse effects of these methods, their impact on athletic performance in humans and the means of detecting gene doping are as yet unknown. The aim of the present review is to discuss biosynthesis, genetic variants, pharmacological/genetic manipulation, doping and athletic performance in relation to the MSTN pathway. As will be concluded from the manuscript, MSTN emerges as a promising molecule for combating muscle wasting diseases and for triggering wide-ranging discussion in view of its possible use in gene doping.
Desde sua descoberta, a miostatina (MSTN) entrou na linha de frente em pesquisas relacionadas às terapias musculares porque mutações intrínsecas ou inibição desta proteína tanto por abordagens farmacológicas como genéticas resultam em hipertrofia muscular e hiperplasia. Além do aumento da massa muscular, a inibição de MSTN potencialmente prejudica o tecido conectivo, modula a força muscular, facilita o transplante de mioblastos, promove regeneração tecidual, induz termogênese no tecido adiposo e aumenta a oxidação na musculatura esquelética. É também sabido que os atuais avanços em terapia gênica têm uma relação com o esporte devido ao uso ilícito de tal método. Os efeitos adversos de tal abordagem, seus efeitos no desempenho de atletas e métodos para detectar doping genético são, contudo, desconhecidos. O objetivo da presente revisão de literatura foi discutir biossíntese, variantes genéticas, manipulação genética e farmacológica, e doping relacionado à via da MSTN. Como será concluído do manuscrito, a MSTN emerge como uma molécula promissora para combater doenças atróficas musculares e para gerar muitas discussões devido à sua possível utilização em doping genético.