RESUMO
C. spectabilis belongs to Crotalaria genus of the Leguminosae family, and is used as "green manuring". In that manner, its seeds may be harvested along with corn and soy beans contaminating animal foods. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the toxicity of C. spectabilis seeds present in the diet fed to laying hens. Eighty "Hisex White" fowls were divided into four groups G1, G2, G3 and G4. The laying hens were fed diets containing 0.00, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06% of crushed seeds of C. spectabilis for 28 days. Every day, fowls were monitored clinically. The fowls that died in the course of the experiment and the fowls euthanized at the end, were necropsied and fragments of liver, kidney, proventricle, lungs and heart were collected for histopathology. Macroscopic examination of poisoned fowls revealed ascites, cachexia, liver volume increased or reduced with fibrin or subcapsule hematomas. Histopathology showed steatosis, congestion, hemorrhage, megalocytosis and necrosis of hepatocytes. Therefore, the C. spectabilis seeds incorporated into diets at levels of 0.02%, 0.04% and 0.06% were hepato-toxic for laying hens.
A C. spectabilis pertence ao gênero Crotalaria, família Leguminosae e é utilizada como adubação verde. Desta forma, suas sementes podem ser colhidas juntamente com os grãos de milho e soja contaminando alimentos para animais. Para avaliar a toxicidade das sementes de C. spectabilis para galinhas poedeiras, foram utilizadas 80 galinhas "Hisex White", distribuídas nos grupos G1, G2, G3 e G4, que receberam durante 28 dias, rações contendo respectivamente: 0,00, 0,02, 0,04 e 0,06% de sementes trituradas de C. spectabilis. As aves que morreram durante o experimento, e as, sacrificadas ao final do mesmo foram necropsiadas colhendo-se fragmentos de fígado, rim, pró-ventrículo, pulmão e coração para histopatologia. Macroscopicamente verificou-se ascite, caquexia, fígado reduzido ou aumentado de volume com presença de fibrina e/ou hematomas subcapsulares. Microscopicamente, encontrou-se esteatose, congestão, hemorragia, megalocitose e necrose de hepatocitos. Assim, conclui-se que as sementes de C. spectabilis incorporadas na ração aos níveis de 0,02%, 0,04% e 0,06% são hepatotóxicas para galinhas poedeiras.
Assuntos
Animais , Intoxicação por Plantas/veterinária , Sementes/toxicidade , Galinhas/fisiologia , Crotalaria/toxicidade , Alcaloides de Pirrolizidina/análise , Monocrotalina/análise , Fígado Gorduroso/veterináriaRESUMO
Seeds of Crotalaria retusa containing 6.84% (dry weight) of monocrotaline (MCT) were administered experimentally to sheep. Three sheep that received 136.8mg MCT/kg bw daily for 70 days had no clinical signs. Five out of six sheep ingesting single doses of 205.2 and 273.6mg MCT/kg bw died with acute (three sheep) or chronic intoxication (two sheep). Acute intoxicated sheep had periacinar liver necrosis and chronic intoxicated sheep liver fibrosis and megalocytosis. Another three sheep had no clinical signs after the ingestion of 20 daily doses of 136.8mg MCT/kg, followed by seven doses of 273.6mg MCT/kg, and one single dose of 342mg MCT/kg. These experiments demonstrated that sheep are susceptible to acute intoxication by MCT being intoxicated by a single oral dose of approximately 205.2mg/kg. In contrast, they develop strong resistance to MCT after the daily ingestion of non lethal doses (136.8mg/kg). It is suggested that chronic poisoning does not occur by the repeated ingestion of non acutely toxic doses, but probably by the ingestion of single toxic doses. It is also suggested that sheep do not become intoxicated with the ingestion of C. retusa in the vegetative non-seeding stage.
Assuntos
Crotalaria/intoxicação , Monocrotalina/intoxicação , Intoxicação por Plantas/veterinária , Sementes/intoxicação , Doenças dos Ovinos , Ração Animal , Animais , Brasil , Crotalaria/química , Tolerância a Medicamentos , Intubação Gastrointestinal/veterinária , Fígado/patologia , Cirrose Hepática/induzido quimicamente , Cirrose Hepática/patologia , Cirrose Hepática/veterinária , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Monocrotalina/administração & dosagem , Monocrotalina/análise , Necrose/induzido quimicamente , Necrose/patologia , Necrose/veterinária , Intoxicação por Plantas/mortalidade , Intoxicação por Plantas/patologia , Alcaloides de Pirrolizidina/análise , Alcaloides de Pirrolizidina/intoxicação , Sementes/química , Doenças dos Ovinos/mortalidade , Doenças dos Ovinos/patologia , Carneiro DomésticoRESUMO
Acute intoxication by seeding Crotalaria retusa occurred during the dry season, in a flock of 80 sheep, in the semi-arid region of the state of Paraiba, northeastern Brazil. Anorexia, severe depression, mild jaundice, incoordination and recumbence were observed in 16 sheep that died within 12 h. At necropsy the liver had a nutmeg appearance. Seeds of C. retusa were found in large amounts in the rumen of the dead animals. Histologic lesions of the liver were characterized by centrilobular necrosis. Seeds of C. retusa were given to six sheep at doses of 2.5 (two sheep), 5, 10, 20 and 40 g/kg bw (one sheep for each dose). Sheep ingesting 5-40 g/kg bw were killed when moribund, 38-120 h after the start of the administration. Clinical signs and gross and histologic lesions were similar to those observed in field outbreak. The seeds used in the experiment contained 1.4% of monocrotaline. It is concluded that hungry sheep can be affected spontaneously by acute monocrotaline intoxication when they ingest large amounts of C. retusa seeds in a short period of time.