RESUMO
Orange jasmine, Murraya paniculata (Rutaceae), is a plant from India widely used in folk medicine as antinociceptive, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant. Although oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin are the mainstays of treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM), there is a significant demand for new natural products to reduce the development of diabetic complications. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats were treated for 60 days with a hydroalcoholic extract of M. paniculata (MPE), at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. MPE decreased glycemia and also cholesterol and triglyceride levels, starting 1 week after treatments, as compared with the same group before treatments. Glucose values were reduced toward normality after 1 week of treatment. MPE hypoglycemic effects were potentiated by glibenclamide and metformin. MPE also decreased fructosamine and glycated hemoglobin values. MPE reduced diabetes-induced morphological alterations of the kidney, pancreas, and liver. MPE acts similarly to glibenclamide and metformin, and its glucose-lowering action is partly a consequence of ATP-sensitive K+ channel inhibition. MPE may be a potential therapeutic alternative for the treatment of diabetes and its complications. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Suplementos Nutricionais , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Murraya/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Aloxano , Animais , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Colesterol/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/induzido quimicamente , Glibureto/farmacologia , Índia , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional , Metformina/farmacologia , Pâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
CONTEXT: Orange Jessamine [Murraya paniculata L. (Rutaceae)] has been used worldwide in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, antibiotic and analgesic. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to investigate the in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic, antibacterial and antifungal activity and the time-kill curve studies of orange jessamine essential oil and ß-caryophyllene, as well as the chemical composition of the essential oil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The cytotoxic activity of M. paniculata and ß-caryophyllene (7.8-500 µg/mL) was evaluated using the MTT assay on normal fibroblasts and hepatoma cells. The minimal inhibitory concentration and time-kill curves (24 h) were evaluated against those of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Enterococcus faecallis, Aspergillus (niger, fumigates and parasiticum) and F. solani by the broth microdilution method. The antioxidant activity was measured by the DPPH and ABTS assays. Chemical composition was evaluated by GC/MS analyses. RESULTS: GC/MS analyses identified 13 compounds, with ß-caryophyllene as the major compound. The oil exhibited moderate antibacterial activity (MIC <1.0 mg/mL) and strong antifungal activity. Time-kill curve studies showed that either the essential oil or ß-caryophyllene presented rapid bacterial killing (4 h for S. aureus) and fungicidal effect (2-4 h for F. solani); however, both displayed weak free radical scavenger capacity. The cytotoxic activity exhibited a prominent selective effect against hepatoma cancer cells (IC50 value =63.7 µg/mL) compared with normal fibroblasts (IC50 value =195.0 µg/mL), whereas the ß-caryophyllene showed low cytotoxicity. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The experimental data suggest that the activities of M. paniculata essential oil are due to the synergistic action among its components.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Fusarium/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Murraya/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibroblastos/patologia , Fusarium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Camundongos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Óleos Voláteis/isolamento & purificação , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Folhas de Planta , Óleos de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Medicinais , Sesquiterpenos Policíclicos , Sesquiterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Staphylococcus aureus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Células Swiss 3T3 , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
CONTEXT: Murraya paniculata (Linn) JACK (Rutaceae) is used in traditional medicine in the treatment of diabetes, inflammation, and microbial disorders. OBJECTIVE: This study determined the polyphenol composition and antimicrobial and acute toxicological activity of the hydroethanolic extract of M. paniculata leaves (EEMp). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chemical composition was evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 assays and by HPLC-DAD. Antibacterial and modulatory activity was determined by the microdilution method. Toxicity was assessed with a single dose of EEMp administered orally at doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg body weight/day in male and female Swiss mice. RESULTS: Total phenolic content of the EEMp samples varied from 66.5 to 396.8 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of extract and flavonoid content varied from 0.3 to 31.1 mg quercetin equivalent/g of extract. The principal component identified by HPLC-DAD assay was ellagic acid. The results of oral acute toxicity showed no mortality, changes in hematological parameters, or CNS and ANS toxicities in rats. Biochemical analysis showed a significant increase in glucose and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity and reduction in triglycerides and cholesterol for 5000 and 2000 mg/kg doses, respectively, when compared with the control group. Histopathological evaluation showed no significant microscopic changes. EEMp showed essentially no antimicrobial activity, but when aminoglycosides were combined with EEMp their MIC was reduced. CONCLUSIONS: Significant effects were observed in the acute toxicity assay, but they had no clinical relevance. The results suggest that M. paniculata could be used as a source of natural products with antibacterial resistance-modifying activity, with lower toxicity.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Murraya/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/toxicidade , Brasil , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Flavonoides/toxicidade , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Folhas de Planta/química , Ratos WistarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Aldose reductase is primarily involved in development of long-term diabetic complications due to increased polyol pathway activity. The synthetic aldose reductase inhibitors are not very successful clinically. Therefore, the natural sources may be exploited for safer and effective aldose reductase inhibitors. METHODS: In the present study, the aldose reductase inhibitory potential of hydroalcoholic and alkaloidal extracts of Piper nigrum, Murraya koenigii, Argemone mexicana, and Nelumbo nucifera was evaluated. The hydroalcoholic and alkaloidal extracts of the selected plants were prepared. The different concentrations of hydroalcoholic and alkaloidal extracts of these plants were evaluated for their goat lens aldose reductase inhibitory activity using dl-glyceraldehyde as substrate. The aldose reductase inhibitory potential of extracts was assessed in terms of their IC50 value. RESULTS: Amongst the hydroalcoholic extracts, the highest aldose reductase inhibitory activity was shown by P. nigrum (IC50 value 35.64±2.7 µg/mL) followed by M. koenigii (IC50 value 45.67±2.57 µg/mL), A. mexicana (IC50 value 56.66±1.30 µg/mL), and N. nucifera (IC50 value 59.78±1.32 µg/mL). Among the alkaloidal extracts, highest inhibitory activity was shown by A. mexicana (IC50 value 25.67±1.25 µg/mL), followed by N. nucifera (IC50 value 28.82±1.85 µg/mL), P. nigrum (IC50 value 30.21±1.63 µg/mL), and M. koenigii (IC50 value 35.66±1.64 µg/mL). CONCLUSIONS: It may be concluded that the alkaloidal extracts of these plants possess potent aldose reductase inhibitory activity and may be therapeutically exploited in diabetes-related complications associated with increased activity of aldose reductase.
Assuntos
Aldeído Redutase/antagonistas & inibidores , Alcaloides/farmacologia , Argemone/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Murraya/química , Nelumbo/química , Piper nigrum/química , Alcaloides/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Inibidores Enzimáticos/isolamento & purificação , Cabras , Cristalino/enzimologia , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Sementes/químicaRESUMO
The essential oil of Murraya paniculata L leaves from the mountains of the Central Region of Cuba, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Eighteen compounds, accounting for 95.1% of the oil were identified. The major component was beta-caryophyllene (ca. 30%). The antioxidant activity of essential oil was evaluated against Cucurbita seed oil by peroxide, thiobarbituric acid and p-anisidine methods. The essential oil showed stronger antioxidant activity than that of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene, but lower than that of propyl gallate. Moreover, this antioxidant activity was supported by the complementary antioxidant assay in the linoleic acid system and 2, 2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. The essential oil also showed good to moderate inhibitory effects against Klebsiellapneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/análise , Antioxidantes/análise , Murraya/química , Óleos Voláteis/química , Cuba , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Óleos Voláteis/isolamento & purificação , Folhas de Planta/químicaRESUMO
Introducción: Murraya paniculata (L) Jack (Rutaceae) es empleada tradicionalmente en algunas provincias de Cuba para el alivio del dolor y la inflamación asociados a enfermedades osteomioarticulares. No se reportan estudios en el país que profundicen en la composición química de esta especie o del género Murraya, ni tampoco relacionados con información etnomédica y actividades biológicas comprobadas. Objetivos: reunir y analizar información científica actualizada referente al género, y a esta especie en particular, como fuente natural de compuestos biológicamente activos que determinan sus potencialidades medicinales. Métodos: se incluyeron en el análisis artículos científicos y libros relacionados con los temas de composición química, usos tradicionales y evaluaciones farmacológicas, así como otros elementos de interés de plantas medicinales. Resultados: la información analizada puede servir de base para el desarrollo de nuevas investigaciones que avalen el empleo en la terapéutica de productos fitoterápicos de elevada eficacia, seguridad y calidad. La revisión de los resultados de otros grupos de investigación permite establecer estrategias racionales de investigación científica, que contribuyan al uso racional de los recursos que se encuentran en universidades y centros de investigación y salud. Conclusiones: los elementos encontrados en la bibliografía consultada permiten asegurar que la especie Murraya paniculata puede ser potencialmente empleada en fitoterapia, debido entre otras cosas, al importante número de metabolítos secundarios identificados con actividad farmacológica reconocida
Introduction: Murraya paniculata (L) Jacq (Rutaceae) is traditionally used in some Cuban provinces for pain relief and inflammation associated to osteomyoarticulary diseases. There has been no reported studied at domestic level, which delves into neither the chemical composition of this species or of Murraya genus nor the confirmation of etnomedical information and biological actions. Objectives: to gather and analyze updated scientific information about this genus, particularly this species, as likely natural source of biologically active compounds responsible for their medicinal potentialities. Methods: the analysis comprised scientific articles and books on chemical composition, traditional uses and pharmacological assessment, and other interesting elements of medicinal plants. Results: the analyzed information can provide the basis for the development of new research studies that will support the use of highly effective, safe and quality phytotherapeutic products. The review of the results achieved by other research groups allows drawing reasonable scientific research strategies to contribute to the rational use of resources by universities and research and health institutions. Conclusions: the elements found in the literature review allow assuring that Murraya paniculata species may be potentially used in phytotherapy because of the significant numbers of detected secondary metabolites with recognized pharmacological action